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Officers X–Z: officer names from the Three Kingdoms officer name English–Chinese reference tool. Cross-reference given (xìng), personal (míng) and style (zì), given (xìng) and personal (míng) names in Pinyin, Wade-Giles, and traditional Chinese (both in Hanzi and decimal-encoded form for non-Unicode websites and forums).
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Name (family, given), style, Wade-Giles, tones, traditional and simplified Chinese.
| Officer Name (Wade-Giles) |
Traditional, Simplified |
Traditional Chinese, Simplified Chinese |
|---|---|---|
| Xi Jian | 郤儉 | |
| Hsi Chien | 郤俭 | |
| A famed doctor from Yangcheng. | ||
| Xi Long | 習隆 | |
| Hsi Lung | 习隆 | |
| Son of Xi Zhong. | ||
| Xi Ni | 奚泥 | |
| Hsi Ni | 奚泥 | |
| Defeats Shu army 15 times but it is all a ploy to make Nanman careless. | ||
| Xi Zhen (Wenxiang) | 習禎 (文祥) | |
| Hsi Chên (Wên-hsiang) | 习祯 (文祥) | |
| Skilled in rhetoric, he was comparable to Pang Tong, held civil posts under Liu Bei. | ||
| Xi Zheng (Lingxian) | 郤正 (令先) | |
| Hsi Chêng (Ling-hsien) | 却正 (令先) | |
| Neither loved nor despised by Huang Hao. Advised Liu Shan in exile, left family behind. | ||
| Xi Zhicai | 戲志才 | |
| Hsi Chihts‘ai | 戏志才 | |
| Recommended by Xun Yu, Xi Zhicai became a valuable officer to Cao Cao. | ||
| Xi Zhong | 習忠 | |
| Hsi Chung | 习忠 | |
| Son of Xi Zhen. | ||
| Xi Zuochi | 習鑿齒 | |
| Hsi Tsoch‘ih | 习凿齿 | |
| Authored the Han/Jin historical text, Han Jin chunqiu. | ||
| Xia Yun | 夏暉 | |
| Hsia Yün | 夏晖 | |
| One of the Ten Regular Attendants, greatly favoured by Dowager Dong and Emperor Ling. | ||
Notes: You may also see him referenced as Xia Hui (‘暉’ can be ‘Hui1’). In this case, we have sided with the Moss Roberts and Brewitt-Taylor translations. |
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| Xiahou Ba (Zhongquan) | 夏侯霸 (仲權) | |
| Hsiahou Pa (Chung-ch‘üan) | 夏侯霸 (仲权) | |
| Xiahou Yuan’s son. Originally served Wei, betrayed to Shu. Attacked Didao with Jiang Wei. | ||
| Xiahou Bo | 夏侯博 | |
| Hsiahou Po | 夏侯博 | |
| In 200, Cao Cao captured him after defeating Liu Bei. | ||
| Xiahou De | 夏侯德 | |
| Hsiahou Tê | 夏侯德 | |
| Dismissed Huang Zhong for seeking battle. Slain by Yan Yan at Tiandang mountain. | ||
| Xiahou Dun (Yuanrang) | 夏侯惇 (元讓) | |
| Hsiahou Tun (Yüan-jang) | 夏侯惇 (元让) | |
| One of Cao Cao’s original officers, with civil and military talent. Lost an eye in battle. | ||
| Xiahou En | 夏侯恩 | |
| Hsiahou ên | 夏侯恩 | |
| Carried Cao Cao’s Blue Blade. Cut down by Zhao Yun at Dangyang as he plundered. | ||
| Xiahou He (Yiquan) | 夏侯和 (義權) | |
| Hsiahou Ho (I-ch‘üan) | 夏侯和 (义权) | |
| Fourth son of Xiahou Yuan. Fought well against Shu’s Zhuge Liang. | ||
| Xiahou Hui (Zhiquan) | 夏侯惠 (稚權) | |
| Hsiahou Hui (Chih-ch‘üan) | 夏侯惠 (稚权) | |
| Third son of Xiahou Yuan. Fought alongside his brother He on the front lines. | ||
| Xiahou Jun | 夏侯駿 | |
| Hsiahou Chün | 夏侯骏 | |
| Jin officer. Appointed to do battle with the Qiang tribes. | ||
| Xiahou Mao (Zilin) | 夏侯楙 (子林) | |
| Hsiahou Mao (Tzŭ-lin) | 夏侯楙 (子林) | |
| Friend of Cao Pi, not very good at tactics and enjoyed an easy life. Slandered by family. | ||
Notes: Xiahou Mao’s style name was recorded, historically, as Zilin, but Zixiu (子休) is used in the novel. |
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| Xiahou Ru (Junlin) | 夏侯儒 | |
| Hsiahou Ju (Chün-lin) | 夏侯儒 | |
| Held variety of posts in northwest and in Jing, later replaced in one by Xiahou Ba. | ||
| Xiahou Shang (Boren) | 夏侯尚 (伯仁) | |
| Hsiahou Shang (Po-jên) | 夏侯尚 (伯仁) | |
| Captured at Mt. Dingjun, but traded for Chen Shi. Defended against Wu. | ||
| Lady Xiahou | 夏侯氏 | |
| Lady Hsiahou | 夏侯氏 | |
| Wife to Zhang Fei. Xiahou Yuan’s niece and Xiahou Ba’s cousin. | ||
| Xiahou Wei (Jiquan) | 夏侯威 (季權) | |
| Hsiahou Wei (Chi-ch‘üan) | 夏侯威 (季权) | |
| Campaigned against both Shu and Gongsun Yuan. Recognised Yang Hu’s talent. | ||
| Xiahou Xian | 夏侯咸 | |
| Hsiahou Hsien | 夏侯咸 | |
| General who assisted Zhong Hui in taking Shu. One of Cao Shuang’s co regents. | ||
| Xiahou Xuan (Taichu) | 夏侯玄 (太初) | |
| Hsiahou Hsüan (T‘-ai-ch‘u) | 夏侯玄 (太初) | |
| Served Cao Fang. Killed by Sima Shi for plotting against him with Li Fang and Zhang Qi. | ||
| Xiahou Yuan (Miaocai) | 夏侯淵 (妙才) | |
| Hsiahou Yüan (Miao-ts‘ai) | 夏侯渊 (妙才) | |
| Xiahou Dun’s brother. Famed for his attacks against the western barbarians. | ||
| Xiang Chong | 向寵 | |
| Hsiang Ch‘ung | 向宠 | |
| Given control of internal military affairs. Died fighting Hanjia barbarians. | ||
| Xiang Chong | 向充 | |
| Hsiang Ch‘ung | 向充 | |
| On hearing about the seals shown by Wei Guan, recalled Qiao Zhou’s prophecy. | ||
| Xiang Yu [Xiang Ji] | 項羽(項籍) | |
| Hsiang Yü [Hsiang Chi] | 项羽(项籍) | |
| Founder of the state of Chu. Warred with Liu Bang but was defeated. | ||
| Xiang Kai (Gongzhi) | 襄楷 (公矩) | |
| Hsiang K‘ai (Kung-chih) | 襄楷 (公矩) | |
| Widely read, he used portents against the eunuchs and for the reformers. Predicted the eunuchs’ destruction. | ||
| Xiang Lang (Juda) | 向朗 (巨達) | |
| Hsiang Lang (Chü-ta) | 向朗 (巨达) | |
| Defended rear flank in the northern campaigns. Friend of Ma Su, didn’t report escape attempt. | ||
| Xiang Tiao (Wenbao) | 向條 (文豹) | |
| Hsiang T‘iao (Wên-pao) | 向条 (文豹) | |
| Xiang Lang’s son, he was a man of great learning. | ||
| Xiang Xiu | 向秀 | |
| Hsiang Hsiu | 向秀 | |
| One of the Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove. Accepted appointment after Ji Kang’s death. | ||
| Xianyu Dan | 鮮于丹 | |
| Hsienyü Tan | 鲜于丹 | |
| A military officer in Wu. Served under Lu Xun during Yiling. | ||
| Xianyu Fu | 鮮於輔 | |
| Hsienyü Fu | 鲜于辅 | |
| Revolted against Gongsun Zan to avenge Liu Yu, later serving Wei well in the north. | ||
| Xiao Qiao | 小喬 | |
| Hsiao Ch‘iao | 小乔 | |
| Younger of Wu’s Qiao Sisters. Sister to Da Qiao. Married to Zhou Yu. | ||
Notes: Xiao (小), in this context, translates to ‘Little’, thus ‘Younger’. Rather than refer to her as the ‘Younger Qiao’, the name Xiao Qiao has become a popular alternative. Da Qiao and Xiao Qiao were names first used by KOEI in Dynasty Warriors 3 when the characters were introduced. Note that Da4 and Xiao3 can still be used in this context in the modern-day family, and usually as the surname. |
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| Xie Huan | 謝奐 | |
| Hsieh Huan | 谢奂 | |
| When a senior clerical officer, he advised Cao Cao to become Duke. | ||
| Xie Jing | 謝旌 | |
| Hsieh Ching | 谢旌 | |
| Duels Zhang Bao for 40 bouts before retreating. Described as brave, killed by Zhang Bao. | ||
| Xie Piao | 解剽 | |
| Hsieh P’iao | 解剽 | |
| Sent by Cao Cao to attack Zhang Lu, inflicting a large defeat. | ||
| Xin Chang (Taiyong) | 辛敞 (泰雍) | |
| Hsin Ch‘ang (T‘-ai-yung) | 辛敞 (泰雍) | |
| An follower of Cao Shuang, his sister warned him to stay loyal. | ||
| Xin Ji | 辛機 | |
| Hsin Chi | 辛机 | |
| Held rank as Prefect, but his authority was usurped by the rebel Zhang Jin. | ||
| Xin Pi (Zuozhi) | 辛毗 (佐治) | |
| Hsin P‘i (Tso-chih) | 辛毗 (佐治) | |
| Sent as envoy to Cao Cao but instead urged Cao Cao to attack the Yuan’s. Hugged by Cao Pi. | ||
| Xin Ping (Zhongzhi) | 辛評 (仲治) | |
| Hsin P‘ing (Chung-chih) | 辛评 (仲治) | |
| An officer of Han Fu, he later served the Yuan’s loyally when Fu fled. | ||
| Xin Xianying | 辛憲英 | |
| Hsin Hsienying | 辛宪英 | |
| Advised her brother Chang to go to Cao Shuang’s camp, saving his life. Advised Xin Pi and others. | ||
| Xing Daorong | 邢道榮 | |
| Hsing Taojung | 邢道荣 | |
| A hardy commander of Liu Du. Killed by Zhao Yun. | ||
Notes: ‘Xing Darong’ in the online version of the novel. |
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| Xing Zhen | 邢貞 | |
| Hsing Chên | 邢贞 | |
| Quarrelled with Cheng Yu and later got rebuked by Wu officers when he was envoy. | ||
| Xiu Yun | 脩允 | |
| Hsiu Yün | 修允 | |
| Xiu Ze | 脩則 | |
| Hsiu Tsê | 修则 | |
| Xu Chang | 許昌 | |
| Hsü Ch‘ang | 许昌 | |
| Raised revolt against the Han but was put down by Zang Min and Sun Jian. | ||
| Xu Chu (Zhongkang) | 許褚 (仲康) | |
| Hsü Ch‘u (Chung-k‘-ang) | 许褚 (仲康) | |
| One of Cao Cao’s trusted guards and a commander. Leader of the Tiger Guard. | ||
Notes: His name is frequently written ‘Xu Zhu’, but this is incorrect. His nickname, 虎痴 (Hu3 Chi1), has been translated as Marquis Tiger, Crazy Tiger, Mad Tiger, and other variations. He also appears once in the Brewitt-Taylor translation by the nickname Tiger Lust. |
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| Xu Ci (Rendu) | 許慈 (仁篤) | |
| Hsü Tz‘ŭ (Jên-tu) | 许慈 (仁笃) | |
| Expert in teachings of Zheng Xuan. Argued with Hu Qian, controlled Liu Shan’s harem. | ||
| Xu Dan | 许耽 | |
| Hsü Tan | 许耽 | |
| Officer of Liu Bei in Xuzhou. Opened the gates for Lü Bu when he attacked Zhang Fei. | ||
| Xu Gong | 許貢 | |
| Hsü Kung | 许贡 | |
| Prefect of Wu Territory. Executed by Sun Ce for having relations with Cao Cao. | ||
| Xu Huang (Gongming) | 徐晃 (公明) | |
| Hsü Huang (Kung-ming) | 徐晃 (公明) | |
| Served Cao Cao. Famous for breaking the siege of Fancheng against Guan Yu. | ||
| Xu Jing (Wenxiu) | 許靖 (文休) | |
| Hsü Ching (Wên-hsiu) | 许靖 (文休) | |
| Said to be an able critic. Liu Bei didn’t respect him but Liang always bowed to him. | ||
| Xu Kun | 徐琨 | |
| Hsü K‘un | 徐琨 | |
| Fought under Sun Jian and Sun Ce, replaced as Administrator as he was seen as a threat. | ||
| Xu Miao (Jingshan) | 徐邈 (景山) | |
| Hsü Miao (Ching-shan) | 徐邈 (景山) | |
| Dismissed for drinking privatly, a succesful governor noted for fine morality. | ||
| Xu Qiu (Mengyu) | 徐璆 (孟玉) | |
| Hsü Ch‘iu (Mêng-yü) | 徐璆 (孟玉) | |
| A scholarly man of utmost honesty, he refused to serve Yuan Shu and returned the imperial seal. | ||
Notes: Also Xu Jiu. Styled Mengyu (孟玉), Mengben (孟本), or Mengping (孟平). Sometimes found as Xu Liu. |
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| Xu Rong | 徐榮 | |
| Hsü Jung | 徐荣 | |
| Defeated Cao Cao and Sun Jian in battle, but never able to press it home. | ||
| Xu Shao (Zijiang) | 許劭 (子將) | |
| Hsü Shao (Tzŭ-chiang) | 许劭 (子将) | |
| A specialist of personalities living in Runan. Praised Cao Cao. Later served Liu Yao. | ||
Notes: Appears in Destiny of an Emperor by the name of Xu Shou. If you say this person’s surname followed by style name it would become “Xu2 Zi3jiang1” because of the third tone after the Xu3. |
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| Xu Sheng (Wenxiang) | 徐盛 (文嚮) | |
| Hsü Shêng (Wên-hsiang) | 徐盛 (文向) | |
| Served in Chibi and Wu’s invasions into Wei. Tricked Cao Pi with a fake wall. | ||
| Xu Shu (Yuanzhi) | 徐庶 (元直) | |
| Hsü Shu (Yüan-chih) | 徐庶 (元直) | |
| One of Sima Hui’s students. Served Liu Bei, then later, through trickery, Cao Cao. | ||
Notes: Also went by the name Shan Fu (單福). |
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| Xu Xuan (Baojian) | 徐宣 (寶堅) | |
| Hsü Hsüan (Pao-chien) | 徐宣 (宝坚) | |
| Refused Sun Ce, handled all state affairs for Cao Rui. Held a number of posts | ||
| Xu Yi | 許儀 | |
| Hsü I | 许仪 | |
| Led the attack on Nanzheng, but was defeated by Shu’s Lu Xun. Executed by Zhong Hui. | ||
| Xu Yi | 徐逸 | |
| Hsü I | 徐逸 | |
| An officer of Sun Ce. Participated in battle against Chen Yu. | ||
| Yang Feng | 楊鳳 | |
| Yang Feng | 杨凤 | |
| Appointed by Emperor Ling to lead the various bandit forces. | ||
| Xu Yi (Jicai) | 徐奕 (季才) | |
| Hsü I (Chi-ts‘ai) | 徐奕 (季才) | |
| Slandered by Ding Yi but Huan Jie called him a man of loyalty. Took part against Ma Chao. | ||
| Xu You (Ziyuan) | 許攸 (子遠) | |
| Hsü Yu (Tzŭ-yüan) | 许攸 (子远) | |
| Childhood friend of Cao Cao. Betrayed Yuan Shao to Cao, but was killed by Xu Chu. | ||
| Xu Zhao [Shao] | 許昭[韶] | |
| Hsü Chao [Shao] | 许昭[韶] | |
| Son of Xu Chang. Killed by Sun Jian along with his father. | ||
Notes: Xu Hao in the online novel version. Xu Zhao’s name is a bit of a mystery. Xu Chang (probably Xu Zhao’s) staged a rebellion in Kuaiji (or Xu Zhao did) and Xu Zhao was either leader (HHS 102), sole son by the name of Xu Shao, associated leader by the name of Xu Shao (SGZ Wu 1), or two sons named Zhao and Shao. In any case, Xu Zhao 昭 seems most likely as Shao 韶 may have been used in Sanguozhi to avoid a taboo on Sima Zhao’s name. |
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| Xu Zhen | 徐真 | |
| Hsü Chên | 徐真 | |
| Close friend of Sun Jian, married Jian’s younger sister. | ||
| Xu Zhi | 許芝 | |
| Hsü Chih | 许芝 | |
| Minister of Wei. Reccomended Guan Lu to Cao Cao. Later convinced Cao Pi to take the throne. | ||
| Xu Zhi | 徐質 | |
| Hsü Chih | 徐质 | |
| A general defeated by Jiang Wei, in the novel he defeats Liao Hua and Zhang Yi in duels. | ||
Notes: Called Xu Zi in the Brewitt-Taylor edition of the novel. |
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| Xu Zhi | 徐質 | |
| Hsü Chih | 徐质 | |
| Governor of Licheng who was killed by the rebel Cai Fang. | ||
| Xue Hong | 薛洪 | |
| Hsüeh Hung | 薛洪 | |
| Formally took over on the death of Zhang Yang but had very little power. Surrendered to Cao Cao. | ||
| Xue Lan | 薛蘭 | |
| Hsüeh Lan | 薛兰 | |
| Defeated and killed Li Qian but was defeated and executed himself by Cao Cao a year later. | ||
| Xue Li | 薛禮 | |
| Hsüeh Li | 薛礼 | |
| Served Liu Yao with Zhang Ying. Killed by his former ally Ze Rong. | ||
| Xue Xu | 薛珝 | |
| Hsüeh Hsü | 薛珝 | |
| Wu official who served as an envoy to Shu. Warned Sun Xiu that Shu was on verge of collapse. | ||
| Xue Ying (Daoyan) | 薛瑩 (道言) | |
| Hsüeh Ying (Tao-yen) | 薛莹 (道言) | |
| One of the collaborative authors behind the Wu shu (Wu History). | ||
| Xue Zong (Jingwen) | 薛綜 (敬文) | |
| Hsüeh Tsung (Ching-wên) | 薛综 (敬文) | |
| Took part in conquering Vietnam, skilled in debate and composition. | ||
Notes: Misrepresented as ‘Xue Yong’ in chapter 38 of the online Brewitt-Taylor novel translation. |
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| Xun Chen (Youruo) | 荀諶 (友若) | |
| Hsün Ch‘ên (Yu-jo) | 荀谌 (友若) | |
| Younger brother of Xun Yu. Advised Han Fu on administration. Later served Yuan Shao. | ||
Notes: Xun Chen’s name is misrepresented in numerous sources, including: Pinyin Brewitt-Taylor chapter 7 as Xun Chang, chapters 22 and 26 as Xun Shen; Moss Roberts chapter 7 as Xun Chan, chapters 22 and 26 as Xun Shen; Zizhi Tongjian as Xun Shen. And in hoards of sites and games. You will see these mistakes wherever you see the 諶 character. |
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| Xun Gun | 荀緄 | |
| Hsün Kun | 荀绲 | |
| Served Yuan Shao then Cao. Son of Xun Shu, father of Xun Yu. One of the ‘Eight Dragons’. | ||
| Xun Jian | 荀儉 | |
| Hsün Chien | 荀俭 | |
| Son of Xun Shu, uncle to Xun Yu, one of the ‘Eight Dragons’ | ||
| Xun Jing (Shuci) | 荀靖 (叔慈) | |
| Hsün Ching (Shu-tz‘ŭ) | 荀靖 (叔慈) | |
| Son of Xun Shu, uncle to Xun Yu, one of the ‘Eight Dragons’ | ||
| Xun Kai | 荀愷 | |
| Hsün K‘ai | 荀恺 | |
| Saved Zhong Hui at Nanzheng by shooting Lu Xun. Popular with the Sima’s. | ||
| Xun Shen | 荀詵 | |
| Hsün Shên | 荀诜 | |
| Son of Xun Shu, uncle to Xun Yu, one of the ‘Eight Dragons’ | ||
| Xun Shu (Jihe) | 荀淑 (季和) | |
| Hsün Shu (Chi-ho) | 荀淑 (季和) | |
| Grandfather of Xun Yu. | ||
| Xun Shuang (Ciming) | 荀爽 (慈明) | |
| Hsün Shuang (Tz‘ŭ-ming) | 荀爽 (慈明) | |
| Fast tracked by Dong Zhuo, he calmed Zhuo down when Yang Biao angered him. | ||
Notes: Also known as Xun Xu. |
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| Xun Su | 荀肅 | |
| Hsün Su | 荀肃 | |
| Son of Xun Shu, uncle to Xun Yu, one of the ‘Eight Dragons’ | ||
| Xun Tao | 荀燾 | |
| Hsün T‘ao | 荀焘 | |
| Son of Xun Shu, uncle to Xun Yu, one of the ‘Eight Dragons’ | ||
| Xun Xu (Gongceng) | 荀勗 (公曾) | |
| Hsün Hsü (Kung-ts‘êng) | 荀勗 (公曾) | |
| Inspector of the Palace Writers. Chen Shou’s nemesis in the Jin court. | ||
| Xun Yan (Xiuruo) | 荀衍 (休若) | |
| Hsün Yen (Hsiu-jo) | 荀衍 (休若) | |
| Brother of Xun Yu, he defeated Gao Gan’s surprise attack. | ||
| Xun Yi (Jingqian) | 荀顗 (景倩) | |
| Hsün I (Ching-ch‘ien) | 荀顗 (景倩) | |
| Was sent by Sima Zhao to fetch Chen Tai after Cao Mao’s death. Senior minister. | ||
| Xun You (Gongda) | 荀攸 (公達) | |
| Hsün Yu (Kung-ta) | 荀攸 (公达) | |
| Advisor of Cao Cao. Xun Yu’s cousin. Died grieving Cao Cao’s interest in being Duke. | ||
Notes: His name is pronounced differently from Xun Yu’s. |
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| Xun Yu (Wenruo) | 荀彧 (文若) | |
| Hsün Yü (Wên-jo) | 荀彧 (文若) | |
| Cousin of Xun You, a very talented advisor under Cao Cao. Commited suicide. | ||
Notes: The reason we have Xun Yu and Xun “You” is because, though the sounds are the same (both Yu), they’re pronounced Yu4 and Yu1, the You idea, I suppose, comes in for foreign readers who cannot see the tones. |
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| Xun Zhuan | 荀專 | |
| Hsün Chuan | 荀专 | |
| Son of Xun Shu, uncle to Xun Yu, one of the ‘Eight Dragons’ | ||
| Yadan | 雅丹 | |
| Yatan | 雅丹 | |
| Fictional. Prime Minister to King Cheliji of the Western Qiang. | ||
Notes: Frequently written ‘Ya Dan’. |
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| Yan Baihu [White Tiger Yan] | 嚴白虎 | |
| Yen Paihu [White Tiger Yen] | 严白虎 | |
| Fought with Sun Ce, but was defeated. Killed by Dong Xi. | ||
Notes: ‘白虎’ translates to ‘White Tiger’, thus his alleged Chinese name of Yan Baihu actually reads ‘White Tiger of Yan’, as he appears in several English books. Yan Baihu was recorded in history by his nickname. His real name, if he actually had one, is unknown. |
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| Yan Gang | 嚴綱 | |
| Yen Kang | 严纲 | |
| Officer of Gongsun Zan. Led Zan’s army at Jieqiao, but was killed by Qu Yi. | ||
Notes: Mistranslated as ‘Yan Guang’ in the online Brewitt-Taylor translation. |
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| Yan Jun (Mancai) | 嚴畯 (曼才) | |
| Yen Chün (Man-ts‘ai) | 严畯 (曼才) | |
| Refused appointment as Lu Su’s successor. He was unable to ride a horse. | ||
| Yan Kuang | 嚴匡 | |
| Yen K‘uang | 严匡 | |
| In charge of the colonies around Xu city, he led reinforcements to put down Jin Yi’s revolt. | ||
| Yan Liang | 顏良 | |
| Yen Liang | 颜良 | |
| A fierce general in service under Yuan Shao. Beheaded by Guan Yu. | ||
| Yan Pu | 閻圃 | |
| Yen P‘u | 阎圃 | |
| Advised Zhang Lu on the defence against Cao Cao, stopped Lu becoming King. | ||
Notes: Also called Yan Fu. |
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| Yan Rou | 閻柔 | |
| Yen Jou | 阎柔 | |
| Lived among the tribes as a child. Campaigned with Cao Cao against the Wuwan. | ||
| Yan Wen (Bojian) | 閻溫 (伯儉) | |
| Yen Wên (Po-chien) | 阎温 (伯俭) | |
| Captured by Ma Chao, when dragged before the walls, he urged the defenders to fight on. | ||
| Yan Xiang | 閻象 | |
| Yen Hsiang | 阎象 | |
| Senior member of Yuan Shu’s staff. Objected to Yuan Shu’s plans to assume the imperial title. | ||
| Yan Yan | 嚴顔 | |
| Yen Yen | 严颜 | |
| Served Liu Zhang, but surrendered to Zhang Fei after being defeated by him. | ||
| Yan Yu | 嚴輿 | |
| Yen Yü | 严舆 | |
| Killed by an enraged Sun Ce after suggesting that Sun Ce join Yan Baihu. | ||
Notes: Also said to be Yan Xing in Dynasty Tactics 2. |
||
| Yan Yu (Wenping) | 閻宇 (文平) | |
| Yen Yü (Wên-p‘ing) | 阎宇 (文平) | |
| Given rank by Huang Hao. Talentless. Disbanded Jiang Wei’s defense of Qishan Hills. | ||
Notes: Yan Yu’s name is incorrectly translated in the Brewitt-Taylor as ‘Yan Yun’. |
||
| Yan Zheng | 嚴政 | |
| Yen Chêng | 严政 | |
| Officer of Zhang Bao. Killed Bao when defeat was inevitable. | ||
| Yan Zhi | 閻芝 | |
| Yen Chih | 阎芝 | |
| Reinforced Liu Bei after Yiling, died at Hanzhong when at service with Zhuge Liang. | ||
| Yang Ang | 楊昂 | |
| Yang Ang | 杨昂 | |
| Fought under Ma Chao and aided Zhang Wei in building strong defences against Cao Cao. | ||
| Yang Biao | 楊彪 | |
| Yang Piao | 杨彪 | |
| Stripped of rank and banished by both Dong Zhuo and Cao Cao. Drove Li Jue and Guo Si apart. | ||
| Yang Bo | 楊柏 | |
| Yang Po | 杨柏 | |
| Jealous of Ma Chao, prevented marriage alliance between Zhang Lu and Ma Chao. | ||
| Yang Chou | 楊醜 | |
| Yang Ch‘ou | 杨丑 | |
| Killed his former lord Zhang Yang, for Cao Cao, but in turn was killed by Sui Gu. | ||
| Yang Dao | 羊衟 | |
| Yang Tao | 羊道 | |
| Helped Cai Yong escape the eunuchs and find safety in the south-east. | ||
| Yang Feng | 楊奉 | |
| Yang Fêng | 杨奉 | |
| Betrayed Li Jue to help Emperor Xian. Served Yuan Shu then Lü Bu. Killed by Bei’s men. | ||
| Yang Feng | 楊鋒 | |
| Yang Fêng | 杨锋 | |
| Man chieftain. Ally of Meng Huo, who later betrayed to help Zhuge Liang. | ||
Notes: Referenced incorrectly as ‘Yang Fang’ in Brewitt-Taylor’s translation and other sources. |
||
| Yang Fu (Yishan) | 楊阜 (義山) | |
| Yang Fu (I-shan) | 杨阜 (义山) | |
| Helped defeat Ma Chao. Criticized Cao Rui’s extravagance in clothing, buildings and woman. | ||
| Yang Hong (Jixiu) | 楊洪 (季休) | |
| Yang Hung (Chi-hsiu) | 杨洪 (季休) | |
| Argued with Li Yan, urged Zhuge Liang to follow orders and raise all forces for Hanzhong. | ||
| Yang Hu (Shuzi) | 羊祜 (叔子) | |
| Yang Hu (Shu-tzŭ) | 羊祜 (叔子) | |
| A talented Jin officer. Held Xiang Yang. Formed a friendship with Lu Kang of Wu. | ||
| Yang Huai | 楊懷 | |
| Yang Huai | 杨怀 | |
| Officer of Liu Zhang. Executed after an attempt to assassinate Liu Bei. | ||
| Yang Ji | 楊濟 | |
| Yang Chi | 杨济 | |
| Champion General under Jin. Controlled the field armies during the invasion of Wu. | ||
| Yang Ji | 楊稷 | |
| Yang Chi | 杨稷 | |
| Close offical of Cao Rui, respected Liu Ye. Opposed camapign against Shu. | ||
| Yang Jun (Jicai) | 楊俊 (季才) | |
| Yang Chün (Chi-ts‘ai) | 杨俊 (季才) | |
| A widely admired offical, he established schools in area’s he governed and helped bring talent to Wei. | ||
| Yang Lü (Weifang) | 楊慮 (威方) | |
| Yang Lü (Wei-fang) | 杨虑 (威方) | |
| Served Shu. Yang Yi’s brother, died at 17 but was known for virtue. | ||
| Yang Mi | 楊密 | |
| Yang Mi | 杨密 | |
| Imperial Corps Commander. Persuaded Guo Si not to kill Yang Biao. | ||
| Yang Pu | 楊仆 | |
| Yang P’u | 杨仆 | |
| King of Di at Wudu. | ||
| Yang Qi | 楊琦 | |
| Yang Ch‘i | 杨琦 | |
| Advised through Li Jue and Guo Si’s abuse, recommended Jia Xu. Plotted against Li Jue. | ||
| Yang Qiu | 楊秋 | |
| Yang Ch‘iu | 杨秋 | |
| Sent by Han Sui to Cao Cao as an envoy of peace. Surrendered when under siege. | ||
| Yang Qun | 陽群 | |
| Yang Ch‘ün | 阳群 | |
| Shu officer. Died in the year following Kongming’s occupation of Hanzhong. | ||
| Yang Ren | 楊任 | |
| Yang Jên | 杨任 | |
| Fought well against Cao Cao’s forces at Yangping, lured out and killed in battle. | ||
Notes: He is called Yan Ren in the online version of the novel and possibly in other sources. |
||
| Yang Song | 楊松 | |
| Yang Sung | 杨松 | |
| Vassal of Zhang Lu. Known to be greedy, he betrayed Zhang Lu. | ||
| Yang Wei (Shiying) | 楊偉 (世英) | |
| Yang Wei (Shih-ying) | 杨伟 (世英) | |
| Military advisor to Cao Shuang. During Cao Shuang’s campaign in 244, he urged retreat, warning that the army would suffer a huge defeat otherwise. | ||
| Yang Xi (Wenran) | 楊戲 (文然) | |
| Yang Hsi (Wên-jan) | 杨戏 (文然) | |
| Respected for his honesty but was sacked and died a commoner. Wrote the Ji-Han fuchen zan. | ||
| Yang Xin | 楊欣 | |
| Yang Hsin | 杨欣 | |
| Served Wei. District Governor of Jincheng before helping Deng Ai’s invasion of Shu. | ||
| Yang Xiu (Dezu) | 楊修 (德祖) | |
| Yang Hsiu (Tê-tsu) | 杨修 (德祖) | |
| A talented scholar and friend of Cao Zhi, helped Zhi cheat Cao Cao’s tests. | ||
| Yang Yi | 楊稷 | |
| Yang I | 杨稷 | |
| Grand Administrator of Jiaozhi in Jin Dynasty. | ||
| Yang Yi (Weigong) | 楊儀 (威公) | |
| Yang I (Wei-kung) | 杨仪 (威公) | |
| Opposed old enemy Wei Yan. Later later stripped of rank for dissensitoius words. | ||
| Yang Zhao | 楊肇 | |
| Yang Chao | 杨肇 | |
| Sent to rescue Bu Chan, suffered horrendous defeat, retreat was a disaster. Sacked. | ||
| Yang Zuo | 楊祚 | |
| Yang Tso | 杨祚 | |
| Goes with Bei Yan and makes strong camp, suggests waiting for Sima Yi to retreat. | ||
| Yi Yin | 伊尹 | |
| I Yin | 伊尹 | |
| Honored official of the Shang Dynasty. Helped Tang of Shang to defeat King Jie of Xia. | ||
| Yin Damu | 尹大目 | |
| Yin Tamu | 尹大目 | |
| Tried to stop Wen Qin during Guanqiu Jian’s rebellion, but failed. | ||
| Yin Deng | 殷登 | |
| Yin Teng | 殷登 | |
| Recorded Shan Yang’s prediction that Cao Pi would take the throne. Was rewarded by Cao Pi. | ||
| Yin Feng (Zizeng) | 尹奉 | |
| Yin Fêng (Tzŭ-tsêng) | 尹奉 | |
| A man of respected family, he played a part in driving away Ma Chao. | ||
| Yin Kai | 尹楷 | |
| Yin K‘ai | 尹楷 | |
| Mantained supplies for Yuan Shang. Killed by Xu Chu in the novel. | ||
| Yin Kui | 殷馗 | |
| Yin K‘uei | 殷馗 | |
| An expert in astrology, he predicted a Perfect Man would rise, later thought to mean Cao Cao. | ||
Notes: ‘Yin Ku’ in chapter 32 of the online Brewitt-Taylor translation; likely a typo as he is Yin Kui elsewhere. |
||
| Yin Li [Lu’er] [Black Boy] | 尹禮[盧兒] | |
| Yin Li [Lu’êrh] | 尹礼[卢儿] | |
| A bandit leader, he later helped Zang Ba against the Yuan’s. Called Black Boy. | ||
Notes: Lu’er, which translates to ‘Black Boy’, was his nickname. |
||
| Yin Mo (Siqian) | 尹默 (思潛) | |
| Yin Mo (Ssŭ-ch‘ien) | 尹默 (思潜) | |
| Learnt from Sima Hui, had great knowledge of the classics, appointed tutor of Liu Shan. | ||
| Yin Shang | 尹賞 | |
| Yin Shang | 尹赏 | |
| Friend of Jiang Wei in Tianshui. Surrendered Tianshui to Shu, made Prefect of Jicheng. | ||
| Ying Shao (Zhongyuan) | 應劭 (仲瑗) | |
| Ying Shao (Chung-yüan) | 应劭 (仲瑗) | |
| His historical work remain an important source of information on Later Han. | ||
Notes: Called Ling Shao in the Shi Yu. |
||
| Yong Kai | 雍闓 | |
| Yung K‘ai | 雍闓 | |
| Along with Gao Ding and Zhu Bao, rebelled in Southern Yizhou. | ||
| You Tu | 尤突 | |
| Yu T‘u | 尤突 | |
| Commoner of Poyang, asked by Cao Cao to lead men against Wu. He Qi and Lu Xun beat him. | ||
| Yu Du [Poison Yu] | 于毒 | |
| Yü Tu | 于毒 | |
| A leader of the Black Mountain Bandits, he was defeated by Cao Cao then later by Yuan Shao. | ||
Notes: Commonly displayed as Yu Du. His name, a title, is properly displayed as Poison Yu. |
||
| Yu Fan (Zhongxiang) | 虞翻 (仲翔) | |
| Yü Fan (Chung-hsiang) | 虞翻 (仲翔) | |
| Advisor to Wang Lang. Surrendered to Sun Ce. Convinced Mi Fang, Fu Shiren to defect to Wu. | ||
| Yu Jin (Wenze) | 于禁 (文則) | |
| Yü Chin (Wên-tsê) | 于禁 (文则) | |
| Served Cao Cao. Surrendered to Guan Yu. Shamed by Cao Pi into suicide. | ||
| Yu Mi | 于麋 | |
| Yü Mi | 于麋 | |
| An officer of Liu Yao. Defeated in a duel with Sun Ce and died. | ||
| Yu Quan | 于詮 | |
| Yü Ch‘üan | 于诠 | |
| Served as commander in Wu during Sun Liang’s reign. Helped support Zhuge Dan. | ||
| Yu Rang | 豫让 | |
| Yü Jang | 豫让 | |
| Assassin from the Warring States period. Disfigured himself to avenge Zhi Yao. | ||
| Yu She | 俞涉 | |
| Yü Shê | 俞涉 | |
| Served as a commander under Yuan Shu. Killed by Hua Xiong. | ||
| Yu Si | 虞汜 | |
| Yü Ssŭ | 虞汜 | |
| Son of Yu Fan. | ||
| Yuan Ba | 袁霸 | |
| Yüan Pa | 袁覇 | |
| Advised Cao Cao to become Duke and Cao Pi to become emperor. | ||
| Yuan Feng (Zhouyang) | 袁逢 (周陽) | |
| Yüan Fêng (Chou-yang) | 袁逢 (周阳) | |
| Father of Yuan Shu and possibly Yuan Shao. Minister of Agriculture in service to Han. | ||
| Yuan Hong (Xiafu) | 袁閎 (夏輔) | |
| Yüan Hung (Hsia-fu) | 袁闳 (夏辅) | |
| Rebuked his relatives for prospering when the Han was in disorder, the Turbans respected him. | ||
| Yuan Huan (Yaoqing) | 袁渙 (曜卿) | |
| Yüan Huan (Yao-ch‘ing) | 袁涣 (曜卿) | |
| A man of courtesy, generosity and restraint, he refused to rebuke Liu Bei. | ||
| Yuan Hui | 袁徽 | |
| Yüan Hui | 袁徽 | |
| Refused appointment from Cao Cao but praised Shi Xie and Xu Jing. | ||
| Yuan Ji | 袁基 | |
| Yüan Chi | 袁基 | |
| A member of the Yuan family, he was executed due to Yuan Shao’s revolt. | ||
| Yuan Min | 袁敏 | |
| Yüan Min | 袁敏 | |
| Discussed matters with Xian and an expert with a sword, he was interested in hydrology. | ||
| Yuan Pang | 袁滂 | |
| Yüan P‘ang | 袁滂 | |
| Father of Yuan Huan, who served Wei. | ||
| Yuan Shang (Xianfu) | 袁尚 (顯甫) | |
| Yüan Shang (Hsien-fu) | 袁尚 (显甫) | |
| A handsome man, won his father’s favor but lost to Cao Cao. Executed by Gongsun Kang. | ||
| Yuan Shao | 爰邵 | |
| Yüan Shao | 爰邵 | |
| Guard of Deng Ai. Versed in the Book of Changes, he predicts Deng Ai’s success and fall. | ||
Notes: Sometimes called Shao Yuan, likely to differentiate from his more famous namesake. Dispite the fact that they are different Han Zi, Yuan Shao of Wei’s name is pronounced exactly the same as the more commonly known Yuan2 Shao4 [Benchu] |
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| Yuan Shao (Benchu) | 袁紹 (本初) | |
| Yüan Shao (Pên-ch‘u) | 袁绍 (本初) | |
| Childhood friend, and later enemy of, Cao Cao. Defeated at Guandu. | ||
| Yuan Shu (Gonglu) | 袁術 (公路) | |
| Yüan Shu (Kung-lu) | 袁术 (公路) | |
| Relative of Yuan Shao. Declared himself Emperor, but soon after died. | ||
| Yuan Si | 袁嗣 | |
| Yüan Ssŭ | 袁嗣 | |
| Surrendered to Cao Cao in 196. | ||
| Yuan Tan (Xiansi) | 袁譚 (顯思) | |
| Yüan T‘an (Hsien-ssŭ) | 袁谭 (显思) | |
| A famed general but a poor governor, fought against Shang for the succession. | ||
| Yuan Wei (Ciyang) | 袁隗 | |
| Yüan Wei (Tz‘ŭ-yang) | 袁隗 | |
| A famed minister, aided He Jin’s avengers. Killed by a vengeful Dong Zhuo. | ||
| Yuan Xi (Xianyi) | 袁熙 (顯奕) | |
| Yüan Hsi (Hsien-i) | 袁熙 (显奕) | |
| Eventually took in Shang, driven out by revolt. Executed by Gongsun Kang. | ||
| Yuan Xiong | 袁雄 | |
| Yüan Hsiung | 袁雄 | |
| Lü Meng, having committed murder, gave himself up to Xiong who told Sun Ce about Meng. | ||
| Yuan Yao | 袁燿 | |
| Yüan Yao | 袁燿 | |
| Son of Yuan Shu. Fled south to Liu Xun, later to Sun Ce. | ||
| Yuan Yi (Boye) | 袁遺 (伯業) | |
| Yüan I (Po-yeh) | 袁遗 (伯业) | |
| Admired by Zhang Chao and Cao Cao. Defeated by Yuan Shu and killed by his own men. | ||
| Yuan Yin | 袁胤 | |
| Yüan Yin | 袁胤 | |
| Defended Yuan Shu’s belongings after Shu’s death, but was killed by Cao Cao. | ||
| Yuan Zhong (Zhengfu) | 袁忠 (正輔) | |
| Yüan Chung (Chêng-fu) | 袁忠 (正辅) | |
| Fled his post during the civil war. Alleged to have been murdered on Cao Cao’s orders, | ||
| Yue Chen | 樂綝 | |
| Yüeh Ch‘ên | 乐綝 | |
| Served Wei. Son of Yue Jin. Campaigned against Shu with Cao Zhen. Executed by Zhuge Dan. | ||
Notes: Mistranslated as ‘Yue Shen’ in some Koei games, and on rare occasion referenced as ‘Yue Lin’. |
||
| Yue Jin (Wenqian) | 樂進 (文謙) | |
| Yüeh Chin (Wên-ch‘ien) | 乐进 (文谦) | |
| Served Cao Cao from the beginning. Shot from his horse by Gan Ning. Small-framed. | ||
Notes: His name is incorrectly translated as Yue Jing in some Brewitt-Taylor editions. Yue Jin is also sometimes translated as Le Jin (and in Destiny of an Emperor they somehow botched it up further to Le Xin). |
||
| Yue Jiu | 樂就 | |
| Yüeh Chiu | 乐就 | |
| Served Yuan Shu guarding Shouchun, but died after his defeat there by Cao Cao. | ||
| Yue Song | 樂松 | |
| Yüeh Sung | 乐松 | |
| A possible eunuch, he warned against Zhang Jue and defend his critic Yang Ci. | ||
| Yue Yi | 樂毅 | |
| Yüeh I | 乐毅 | |
| Minister of the states of Zhao and Yan in the Warring States era. Also known as Lord Guojun. | ||
Notes: Also known as ‘Lord Guojun’. |
||
| Yueji | 越吉 | |
| Yüehchi | 越吉 | |
| Fictional. Marshal under King Cheliji of the Western Qiang. Killed by Guan Xing. | ||
Notes: Frequently written ‘Yue Ji’. |
||
| Yufuluo | 於夫罗 | |
| Yüfulo | 於夫罗 | |
| Chief of the Southern Xiongnu. Aided Yuan Shu and Zhang Yang. | ||
| Yun Ying | 雲英 | |
| Yün Ying | 云英 | |
| Concubine of Dong Cheng. Her interactions with Qin Qingtong got Cheng killed. | ||
| Zang Ba (Xuangao) | 臧霸 (宣高) | |
| Tsang Pa (Hsüan-kao) | 臧霸 (宣高) | |
| Originally served Tao Qian, then Lü Bu. Later joined Cao Cao. | ||
| Zang Hong (Ziyuan) | 臧洪 (子源) | |
| Tsang Hung (Tzŭ-yüan) | 臧洪 (子源) | |
| A loyal man, he was much admired and was the one that proclaimed the oath of the alliance. | ||
| Zang Min | 臧旻 | |
| Tsang Min | 臧旻 | |
| Governor of Kuaiji. Recommended Sun Jian to the court after Jian quelled Xu Chang’s rebellion. | ||
| Zao Zhi | 枣祗 | |
| Tsao Chih | 棗祗 | |
| Held out against Lü Bu and kept supplies going. His idea of agricultural colonies was credited with Wei’s success. | ||
| Ze Rong | 笮融 | |
| Tsê Jung | 笮融 | |
| Buddhist, fought against Sun Ce, had a record of betrayal and murder. | ||
Notes: Also referred to as Zhai Rong in Generals of the South. As well as To Establish Peace. |
||
| Zhan Qian (Yanhuang) | 棧潛 (彥皇) | |
| Chan Ch‘ien (Yen-huang) | 栈潜 (彦皇) | |
| Opposed Cao Pi’s love of hunting and marriage of love to Empress Guo. | ||
| Zhan Yan | 詹宴 | |
| Chan Yen | 詹宴 | |
| Officer of Liu Bei, he was defeated by Lu Xun by the Yangzi Gorges. | ||
| Zhang Bao | 張苞 | |
| Chang Pao | 张苞 | |
| Turned on Li Jue and launched a surprise attack, he failed to get a fire going. | ||
| Zhang Bao | 張寶 | |
| Chang Pao | 张宝 | |
| Yellow Scarves leader and Zhang Jue’s brother. Self-titled ‘Lord of Earth’. | ||
Notes: Zhang Ba in the online version of the novel. |
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| Zhang Bao | 張苞 | |
| Chang Pao | 张苞 | |
| Fought against Wei and Wu, killing many generals. Died in the Northern Campaigns. | ||
Notes: Sometimes ‘苞’ is translated as Pao, thus Zhang Pao. We continue to use Bao. |
||
| Zhang Bo | 張伯 | |
| Chang Po | 张伯 | |
| Leader in the Yingchuan region, defeated and killed by Fu Xie. | ||
| Zhang Bu | 張布 | |
| Chang Pu | 张布 | |
| With Puyang Xing, enthroned Sun Hao over Wen. Executed Sun Chen with Ding Feng. | ||
| Zhang Chao (Zibing) | 張超 (子並) | |
| Chang Ch‘ao (Tzŭ-ping) | 张超 (子并) | |
| A man of great literary ability, he assisted Zhu Jun against the Turbans. | ||
| Zhang Chao | 張超 | |
| Chang Ch‘ao | 张超 | |
| Was a member of the anti-Dong Zhuo coalition, held out for months against Cao Cao. | ||
| Zhang Cheng (Gongxian) | 張承 (公先) | |
| Chang Ch‘êng (Kung-hsien) | 张承 (公先) | |
| Warned Yuan Shu about declaring himself Son of Heaven, served in many ranks. | ||
| Zhang Cheng (Zhongsi) | 張承 (仲嗣) | |
| Chang Ch‘êng (Chung-ssŭ) | 张承 (仲嗣) | |
| Friend of Zhuge Jin among others. Sent with Sun Shao to Guangling to capture Huaiyang. | ||
| Zhang Cheng [White Rider] | 張晟[白騎] | |
| Chang Ch‘êng | 张晟[白骑] | |
| Bandit leader, famed for his white horse. He was driven out by Du Ji and killed by Ma Teng. | ||
Notes: Zhang Cheng’s nickname, Baiqi, translates to White Rider. |
||
| Zhang Chi | 张赤 | |
| Chang Ch‘ih | 张赤 | |
| A bandit based in Taoshan, he was defeated by Li Tong. | ||
| Zhang Chuan | 張泉 | |
| Chang Ch‘uan | 张泉 | |
| Took part in Wei Feng’s conspiracy and executed when it failed. | ||
Notes: Rafe calls him Zhang Quan |
||
| Zhang Chun | 張純 | |
| Chang Ch‘un | 张纯 | |
| Passed over for promotion, he led the Wuhuan in revolt. After initial success, Liu Yu turned up and Chun was betrayed. | ||
| Zhang Chunhua | 張春華 | |
| Chang Ch‘unhua | 张春华 | |
| Wife of Sima Yi, she killed their only maid to protect her husband. | ||
| Zhang Cun (Churen) | 張存 (處仁) | |
| Chang Ts‘un (Ch’u-jen) | 张存 (处仁) | |
| Removed from office by Liu Bei for making disrepectful remarks after Pang Tong’s death. | ||
| Zhang Da | 張達 | |
| Chang Ta | 张达 | |
| Officer of Zhang Fei, he was beaten harshly so murdered Zhang Fei then fled to Wu. | ||
| Zhang Dang | 張當 | |
| Chang Tang | 張當 | |
| Gave Cao Shuang woman from the Imperial Harem. Implicated others as traitors. | ||
| Zhang Fan | 張汎 | |
| Chang Fan | 张泛 | |
| Enfeoffed as marquis by Cao Pi in honour of Zhang Liao’s achievements. | ||
| Zhang Fan (Gongyi) | 張範 (公儀) | |
| Chang Fan (Kung-i) | 张范 (公仪) | |
| His generosity got family members returned by bandits, he was a frugal man. | ||
| Zhang Fang | 張方 | |
| Chang Fang | 張方 | |
| Son of Zhang Yan who inherited his estate. | ||
| Zhang Fei (Yide) | 張飛 (益德) | |
| Chang Fei (I-tê) | 张飞 (益德) | |
| Sworn brother of Liu Bei and Guan Yu. Second of the Five Tiger Generals. | ||
Notes: Sanguozhi records Zhang Fei’s style as 益 (yi4: ‘benefit’ or ‘increase’) rather than 翼 (yi4: ‘wing’), as used in the novel, games, and most literature. |
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| Zhang Gang (Wenji) | 張綱 (文紀) | |
| Chang Kang (Wên-chi) | 张纲 (文纪) | |
| Great-grandfather of Zhang Yi (Bogong), who served Shu. | ||
| Zhang Gong | 張恭 | |
| Chang Kung | 张恭 | |
| Refused to work with tribes despite his son being held hostage. | ||
| Zhang Hao (Shuming) | 張浩 (叔明) | |
| Chang Hao (Shu-ming) | 张浩 (叔明) | |
| Great-great-grandfather of Zhang Yi (Bogong), who served Shu. | ||
| Zhang He (Junyi) | 張郃 (儁乂) | |
| Chang Ho (Chün-i) | 张郃 (儁乂) | |
| Originally under Yuan Shao, defected to Wei. Died battling Zhuge Liang. | ||
Notes: Apparently, Zhang He is misspelled ‘Zhang Yue’ in Romance of the Three Kingdoms XI. |
||
| Zhang Heng | 張橫 | |
| Chang Hêng | 张横 | |
| One of Han Sui’s Eight Knights. | ||
Notes: For some reason poor Zhang Heng is listed incorrectly in several sources. Some Chinese versions of the novel have him as ‘長橫’ (‘長’ chang2 instead of ‘張’ zhang1). As if that isn’t enough, some Brewitt-Taylor translations list him as Zhang Han—no idea why. |
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| Zhang Hong (Zigang) | 張紘 (子綱) | |
| Chang Hung (Tzŭ-kang) | 张紘 (子纲) | |
| Minister who served Wu. Suggested changing the capital to Sun Quan. | ||
| Zhang Hu | 張虎 | |
| Chang Hu | 张虎 | |
| Son of Zhang Liao. Defended against Zhuge Liang along with Yue Chen. | ||
| Zhang Hu [Tiger Zhang] | 張虎 | |
| Chang Hu [Tiger Chang] | 张虎 | |
| Marched out with Huang Zu to oppose Sun Jian. Killed by Han Dang after 30 bouts. | ||
Notes: ‘Zhang Hui’ in the online Brewitt-Taylor translation. |
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| Zhang Hua (Maoxian) | 張華 (茂先) | |
| Chang Hua (Mao-hsien) | 张华 (茂先) | |
| Played Go with Sima Yan, approved invasion of Wu. Talented poet, became Prime Minister. | ||
| Zhang Ji | 張濟 | |
| Chang Chi | 张济 | |
| Junior partner under Li Jue, attacks Liu Biao in bid for supplies but dies due to arrow. | ||
| Zhang Ji (Derong) | 張既 (德容) | |
| Chang Chi (Tê-jung) | 张既 (德容) | |
| Persuaded Ma Teng to help Cao Cao, he was a major part in the pacification of Liang. | ||
| Zhang Jian (Yuanjie) | 張儉 (元節) | |
| Chang Chien (Yüan-chieh) | 张俭 (元节) | |
| Much admired, thousands of people died helping him flee. Aware of Cao Cao’s ambitions. | ||
| Zhang Jie | 張節 | |
| Chang Chieh | 张节 | |
| Minister of Wei who was executed by Sima Yan when he usurped the throne. | ||
| Zhang Jin | 張進 | |
| Chang Chin | 张进 | |
| Led a failed rebellion against Wei in AD 220. | ||
| Zhang Jin (Ziyun) | 張津 (子雲) | |
| Chang Chin (Tzŭ-yün) | 张津 (子云) | |
| Practised magic, sent to oppose Liu Biao, he was killed by his officer Ou Jing. | ||
| Zhang Jiu | 張就 | |
| Chang Chiu | 张就 | |
| Kidnapped by rebels in AD 220. He bravely held out until reinforcements came. | ||
| Zhang Ju | 張舉 | |
| Chang Chü | 张举 | |
| Led revolt against the Han, he ravaged the northeast and declared himself ruler. | ||
| Zhang Jue | 張角 | |
| Chang Chüeh or Chiao | 张角 | |
| Founder of the Yellow Scarves. Self-titled ‘Lord of Heaven’. | ||
Notes: Written ‘Zhang Jiao’ (角 can be pronounced as both Jue and Jiao) at times (particularly by Koei) and as Zhang Jao in Destiny of an Emperor. The audio file says “Zhang Zue”, followed by “Jiao3” |
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| Zhang Jun | 張鈞 | |
| Chang Chün | 张钧 | |
| Blamed the Yellow Turban revolt on the eunuchs. Arrested and flogged on false charges. | ||
| Zhang Kai | 張闓 | |
| Chang K‘ai | 张闿 | |
| Entered Tao Qian’s service after the Yellow Scarf uprising. Killed Cao Cao’s family. | ||
| Zhang Kuang | 章誑 | |
| Chang K‘uang | 章诳 | |
| Sent by his commander Xu Dan to invite in Lü Bu to Xu and opened the gates. | ||
| Zhang Liang | 張梁 | |
| Chang Liang | 张梁 | |
| Advised Sun Quan to move the capital to Jianye. He served Sun Jiao, Sun Huan, Zhang Huan and Lu Xun. | ||
Notes: He has the same name as Zhang Liang of the Yellow Turbans. |
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| Zhang Liang | 張梁 | |
| Chang Liang | 张梁 | |
| Yellow Scarves leader and Zhang Jue’s brother. Self-titled ‘Lord of Man’. | ||
Notes: Zhang Lian in the online version of the novel. |
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| Zhang Liang (Zifang) | 張良 (子房) | |
| Chang Liang (Tzŭ-fang) | 张良 (子房) | |
| Western Han. Renowned strategist and statesman. One of the “Three Heroes of the early Han Dynasty.” | ||
| Zhang Liao (Wenyuan) | 張遼 (文遠) | |
| Chang Liao (Wên-yüan) | 张辽 (文远) | |
| Served in Wei after Cao Cao defeated Lü Bu. Close friend of Guan Yu. | ||
| Zhang Long | 張龍 | |
| Chang Lung | 张龙 | |
| He and Zhang Bao changed sides, they took part in Guo Si’s secret attack but it failed. | ||
| Zhang Lu (Gongqi) | 張魯 (公祺) | |
| Chang Lu (Kung-ch‘i) | 张鲁 (公祺) | |
| Controller of Hanzhong before surrendering to Cao Cao in 215. | ||
| Zhang Mancheng | 張曼成 | |
| Chang Manch‘êng | 张曼成 | |
| Local leader, he killed Chu Gong but three months later, was killed by Qin Jie. | ||
| Zhang Mao (Yancai) | 張茂 | |
| Chang Mao (Yen-ts‘ai) | 张茂 | |
| Remonstrated with Cao Rui over Rui’s building works, put to death. | ||
| Zhang Meng (Shuwei) | 張猛 (叔威) | |
| Chang Mêng (Shu-wei) | 张猛 (叔威) | |
| Mother told he would die in a certain tower. Killed fellow officer Handan Shang, murdered by avenging troops. | ||
| Zhang Mi | 張彌 | |
| Chang Mi | 张弥 | |
| Envoy to Gongsun Yuan, an idea Zhang Zhao protested against, executed by Yuan. | ||
| Zhang Miao (Mengzhuo) | 張邈 (孟卓) | |
| Chang Miao (Mêng-cho) | 张邈 (孟卓) | |
| Friend of Yuan Shao and Cao Cao, rebelled against Cao Cao. Killed by his own men later on. | ||
| Zhang Min | 張旻 | |
| Chang Min | 张旻 | |
| Sent by Shi Xie to pay tribute to the Han in 208. | ||
| Zhang Nan | 張南 | |
| Chang Nan | 张南 | |
| Claimed ability on the waters, but was just a braggart. Killed by Zhou Tai. | ||
Notes: ‘Zhang Neng’ in the online Brewitt-Taylor translation to differentiate from Zhang Nan of Shu. |
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| Zhang Nan (Wenjin) | 張南 (文進) | |
| Chang Nan (Wên-chin) | 张南 (文进) | |
| Commander of the vanguard against Wu, killed in the defeat that followed. | ||
| Zhang Ni (Boqi) | 張嶷 (伯岐) | |
| Chang Ni or Chang I (Po-ch‘i) | 张嶷 (伯岐) | |
| Wounded by Wang Shuang. Died rescuing Jiang Wei, suffered from arthritis. | ||
Notes: 張嶷 is commonly translated as both Zhang Yi and Zhang Ni. Zhang Ni is perhaps the most common translation, likely to disambiguate from other Zhang Yis, but both are accepted. |
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| Zhang Niujiao | 張牛角 | |
| Chang Niu-chiao | 张牛角 | |
| Bandit leader. After his death from a flying dart, command of his force passed to Zhang Yan. | ||
Notes: Niujiao means “ox horn”. |
||
| Zhang Pu | 張普 | |
| Chang P‘u | 张普 | |
| Served under Cao Xiu. Defeated by Xu Sheng, killed by Zhu Huan. | ||
| Zhang Qi | 張岐 | |
| Chang Ch‘i | 张岐 | |
| Sent by Han Fu and Yuan Shao to get Liu Yu to take up the throne. | ||
| Zhang Qi (Jingzhong) | 張緝 (敬仲) | |
| Chang Ch‘i (Ching-chung) | 张缉 (敬仲) | |
| Executed by Sima Shi for plotting to remove Shi with Cao Fang. Predicted Zhuge Ke would die. | ||
| Zhang Qiao | 張喬 | |
| Chang Ch‘iao | 张乔 | |
| Wei general who dealt a heavy defeat to Wu’s troops under Zhang Ti. | ||
| Zhang Qiu | 張球 | |
| Chang Ch‘iu | 张球 | |
| Served Cao Rui, sent to set a fire trap against Wu, burning many ships. | ||
| Zhang Quan | 張泉 | |
| Chang Ch‘üan | 张泉 | |
| Took part in Wei Fang’s plot and executed when caught. Family lost marquis. | ||
Notes: Also called Zhang Chuan |
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| Zhang Rang | 張讓 | |
| Chang Jang | 张让 | |
| Most influential of the Ten Regular Attendants. Drowned himself to avoid capture. | ||
| Zhang Ren | 張任 | |
| Chang Jên | 张任 | |
| Remained loyal to Liu Zhang. Executed by Liu Bei. In novel, Pang Tong died in his ambush. | ||
| Zhang Rong | 張融 | |
| Chang Jung | 张融 | |
| Son of Zhang Fang who inherited his estate. | ||
| Zhang Shang | 張尚 | |
| Chang Shang | 张尚 | |
| General of Jin who killed Lu Jing. | ||
| Zhang Shao | 張紹 | |
| Chang Shao | 张绍 | |
| Surrendered to Wei after Shu’s collapse. | ||
| Zhang Shiping | 張世平 | |
| Chang Shihp‘ing | 张世平 | |
| Horse trader from Zhongshan with Su Shuang. Supplied Liu Bei’s first armed force. | ||
| Zhang Shuang | 張爽 | |
| Chang Shuang | 张爽 | |
| Took part in pushing Liu Bei to become emperor. | ||
| Zhang Song (Yongnian) | 張松 (永年) | |
| Chang Sung (Yung-nien) | 张松 (永年) | |
| Officer of Liu Zhang and Shu. Aided Liu Bei in Ba-Shu. Angered Cao Cao in Sanguo Yanyi. | ||
| Zhang Su | 張肅 | |
| Chang Su | 张肃 | |
| Governor of Guanghan, discovered the treachery of his brother Zhang Song and warned Liu Zhang. | ||
| Zhang Te (Zichan) | 張特 (子產) | |
| Chang T‘o (Tzŭ-ch‘an) | 张特 (子产) | |
| Commanded the defence of Xincheng when it was under attack by Zhuge Ke. | ||
| Zhang Ti (Juxian) | 張悌 | |
| Chang T‘i (Chü-hsien) | 张悌 | |
| Wu’s last Prime Minister. Refused surrender to Jin and marched out to die on the battlefield. | ||
| Zhang Wei | 張衛 | |
| Chang Wei | 张卫 | |
| Zhang Lu’s younger brother. Beheaded after a brilliant battle with Xu Chu. | ||
| Zhang Wei | 張微 | |
| Chang Wei | 张微 | |
| Of firm character and keen to learn. | ||
| Zhang Wen (Boshen) | 張溫 (惠恕) | |
| Chang Wên (Po-shên) | 张温 (惠恕) | |
| First ever Han Excellency appointed when out of the capital, struggled to deal with Han Sui. | ||
| Zhang Wen (Huishu) | 張溫 | |
| Chang Wên (Hui-shu) | 张温 | |
| Was an admired man of moral quality, sacked for recommending an overzealous friend. | ||
| Zhang Wu | 張武 | |
| Chang Wu | 张武 | |
| Began pillaging the people of Jiangxia. Zhao Yun killed him with a spear thrust. | ||
| Zhang Xi | 張喜 | |
| Chang Hsi | 张喜 | |
| Promoted to high office, he was sent to make peace between Li Jue and Guo Si. Sacked by Cao Cao. | ||
| Zhang Xi | 張憙 | |
| Chang Hsi | 张憙 | |
| Sent to gather up reinforcements and help Hefei, Sun Quan retreated due to rumours of it’s size. | ||
| Zhang Xian | 張羨 | |
| Chang Hsien | 张羨 | |
| A widely popular magistrate, he revolted against Liu Biao and held him off till Xian died. | ||
| Zhang Xiang | 張象 | |
| Chang Hsiang | 张象 | |
| Wu Leader of the Van who surrendered to Jin. | ||
| Zhang Xin | 張歆 | |
| Chang Hsin | 张歆 | |
| Zhang Fan’s grandfather. | ||
| Zhang Xiu | 張繡 | |
| Chang Hsiu | 张绣 | |
| He fought Cao Cao after he took Zhang Ji’s widow as a wife. Served Wei with distinction. | ||
| Zhang Xiu | 張脩 | |
| Chang Hsiu | 张脩 | |
| One of the founders of the Five Pecks of Rice sect, he rebelled against the Han twice, killed by Zhang Lu. | ||
| Zhang Xiu (Shusi) | 張休 (叔嗣) | |
| Chang Hsiu (Shu-ssŭ) | 张休 (叔嗣) | |
| Advised Sun Deng with Zhuge Ke, Gu Tan, and Chen Biao. Lost faction struggle. | ||
| Zhang Xuan | 張宣 | |
| Chang Hsüan | 张宣 | |
| Local leader, killed the defeated Han Xian as Xian fled to Bing. | ||
| Zhang Xuan (Chuxu) | 張玄 (處虛) | |
| Chang Hsüan (Ch‘u-hsü) | 张玄 (处虚) | |
| Advised Zhang Wen to use his command of the army to reform the Han government. | ||
| Zhang Xuan | 張玄 | |
| Chang Hsüan | 张玄 | |
| Zhang Hong’s son. Administrator of Nan and a member of Sun Quan’s Secretariat. | ||
| Zhang Xun | 張勳 | |
| Chang Hsün | 张勋 | |
| Fought against Lü Bu but was betrayed by Yang Feng. Escorts Yuan family south. | ||
| Zhang Yan | 張延 | |
| Chang Yen | 张延 | |
| Zhang Fan’s father | ||
| Zhang Yan | 張琰 | |
| Chang Yen | 张琰 | |
| Bandit, took part in pillaging but was defeated and killed by Ma Teng. | ||
| Zhang Yan (Gongwei) | 張延 (公威) | |
| Chang Yen (Kung-wei) | 张延 (公威) | |
| May have paid for rank, Zhang Yan was slandered by the eunuchs and died in jail. | ||
| Zhang Yan | 張燕 | |
| Chang Yen | 张燕 | |
| Leader of the Black Mountain Bandits. Tried but failed to aid Gongsun Zan. | ||
Notes: His surname at birth was Chu (褚). Many Black Mountain Bandits had nicknames. Zhang Yan‘s was ’Flying Swallow Yan.’ In the past we have noted his style name as Zijie (子節), but have removed the name due to a lack of historic confirmation. |
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| Zhang Yang (Zhishu) | 張楊 (稚叔) | |
| Chang Yang (Chih-shu) | 张杨 (稚叔) | |
| A good and generous man, attempted to aid Emperor Xian but wasn’t trusted by other generals. | ||
| Zhang Yi | 張逸 | |
| Chang I | 张逸 | |
| Local officer, went to join Liu Yu in death, using every curse he knew on Gongsun Zan | ||
| Zhang Yi | 張儀 | |
| Chang I | 张仪 | |
| Strategist from the Warring States period. Born in the State of Wei. See also Su Qin. | ||
| Zhang Yi (Bogong) | 張翼 (伯恭) | |
| Chang I (Po-kung) | 张翼 (伯恭) | |
| Urged Jiang Wei to concentrate on internal affairs. Strict governor, it caused revolt. | ||
| Zhang Yi (Junsi) | 張裔 (君嗣) | |
| Chang I (Chün-ssŭ) | 张裔 (君嗣) | |
| Looked after affairs when Zhuge Liang was at war. Held hostage by Wu. | ||
| Zhang Yi | 張顗 | |
| Chang I | 张顗 | |
| Killed by Gan Ning as he cleared the road ahead for Cao Cao. Historically not at Chibi. | ||
Notes: ‘Zhang Zi’ in the online Brewitt-Taylor translation to distinguish among others named Zhang Yi. |
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| Zhang Yin | 張音 | |
| Chang Yin | 张音 | |
| Prepared Emperor Xian’s abdication to Cao Pi. | ||
| Zhang Ying | 張穎 | |
| Chang Ying | 张颖 | |
| Officer of Wei. Assisted in the defense of Hefei in 234. | ||
| Zhang Ying | 張英 | |
| Chang Ying | 张英 | |
| Served Liu Yao with Xue Li. Lost in battle to Sun Ce twice. Killed by Chen Wu. | ||
| Zhang Yu (Nanhe) | 張裕 (南和) | |
| Chang Yü (Nanho) | 张裕 (南和) | |
| Divined Liu Bei’s death nine years after taking Yizhou. Executed by Liu Bei. | ||
| Zhang Yue | 張約 | |
| Chang Yüeh | 张约 | |
| Officer who served in Zhuge Ke’s personal police force. Killed by Sun Jun. | ||
| Zhang Yun | 張允 | |
| Chang Yün | 张允 | |
| Surrendered to Cao Cao with Cai Mao. Served as Cao’s Vice Admiral at Chibi. | ||
| Zhang Zhang | 張璋 | |
| Chang Chang | 张璋 | |
| Officer under He Jin. Led troops to slaughter the eunuchs after his death. | ||
| Zhang Zhao (Zibu) | 張昭 (子布) | |
| Chang Chao (Tzŭ-pu) | 张昭 (子布) | |
| Served Wu. Highly trusted internal administrator. | ||
Notes: Sometimes written Zhang Zao. |
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| Zhang Zhongjing | 張仲景 | |
| Chang Chungching | 张仲景 | |
| Also known as Zhang Ji. Famous physician from the Eastern Han Dynasty. | ||
Notes: Also commonly known as Zhang Ji (張機). |
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| Zhao Cen | 趙岑 | |
| Chao Ts‘ên | 赵岑 | |
| Occupied River Si Pass for Dong Zhuo. Retreated when Dong Zhuo abandoned Luoyang. | ||
| Zhao Du | 趙犢 | |
| Chao Tu | 赵犊 | |
| Killed the Inspector of Youzhou and Governor of Zhuojun. Defeated and executed by Cao Cao. | ||
| Zhao E (Zhao Eqin) | 趙娥(親) | |
| Chao O (Chao Och‘in) | 赵娥(亲) | |
| Pang Yu’s mother. Killed Li Shou to avenge her father, Zhao Jun’an, then turned herself in. | ||
Notes: Zhao E 趙娥 usually appears by the name Zhao Eqin 趙娥親. Appears as Pang Eqin 龐娥(親) in Romance of the Three Kingdoms XI. |
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| Zhao Fan | 趙範 | |
| Chao Fan | 赵范 | |
| Offered his sister-in-law to Zhao Yun, who refused as Yun doubted Fan’s loyalty. | ||
| Zhao Guang | 趙廣 | |
| Chao Kuang | 赵广 | |
| Died during an expedition under Jiang Wei. | ||
| Zhao Guoda (Triệu Quốc Đạt) | 趙國達 | |
| Chao Kuota | 赵国达 | |
| Trieu Au’s older brother. | ||
Notes: Known to the Vietnamese as Trieu Quoc Dat (Triệu Quốc Đạt). |
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| Zhao Hong | 趙弘 | |
| Chao Hung | 赵弘 | |
| Fought with Zhu Jun at Wan, held out for eight months but was killed by Sun Jian. | ||
| Zhao Lei | 趙累 | |
| Chao Lei | 赵累 | |
| Said to be loyal and trust-worthy, he died fighting Wu with Guan Yu and Guan Ping. | ||
| Zhao Qu | 趙衢 | |
| Chao Ch‘ü | 赵衢 | |
| Shut Ma Chao out of Hanyang and murdered his family, became a general. | ||
| Zhao Tong | 趙統 | |
| Chao T‘ung | 赵统 | |
| Eldest son of Zhao Yun. Inherited his father’s title. | ||
| Zhao Wen (Zirou) | 趙溫 | |
| Chao Wên (Tzŭ-jou) | 赵温 | |
| Infuriated Cao Cao by nominating Cao Pi. Li Jue twice tried to kill him but Li Ying and Jia Xu saved him. | ||
| Zhao Yu (Triệu Ẩu) | 趙嫗 | |
| Chao Yü | 赵妪 | |
| Trieu Au, female warrior of the Nanyue tribe. Rebelled against Wu. Defeated by Lu Yin. | ||
Notes: Known to the Vietnamese as Trieu Thi Trinh (Triệu Thị Trinh) or Trieu Au (Triệu Ẩu; Lady Trieu). I have pronounced the Chinese Zhao Yu, but dont know how to pronounce the Viet. |
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| Zhao Yun (Zilong) | 趙雲 (子龍) | |
| Chao Yün (Tzŭ-lung) | 赵云 (子龙) | |
| Served Shu. Highly trusted by Liu Bei. Fourth of the Five Tiger Generals. | ||
| Zhao Zhong | 趙忠 | |
| Chao Chung | 赵忠 | |
| Emperor Ling considered him as a mother, slandered Huangfu Song, Lu Qiang and Fu Xie. | ||
| Zhao Zi (Dedu) | 趙姿 | |
| Chao Tzŭ (Tê-tu) | 赵姿 | |
| A man of wide learning, he was sent to offer thanks for Quan being made king, using it as an occasion to praise Wu. | ||
| Zhen Yi | 甄逸 | |
| Chên I | 甄逸 | |
| Father of Empress Zhen, but died while she was young. Commandery Governor. | ||
| Zheng Chong (Wenhe) | 鄭沖 | |
| Chêng Ch‘ung (Wên-ho) | 郑冲 | |
| Devoted to scholarship, first served under Cao Pi, became Grand Tutor to Sima Yan. | ||
| Zheng Gan | 鄭甘 | |
| Cheng Kan | 郑甘 | |
| Mountain bandit who surrendered to Wei. Rebelled again and was killed by Cao Ren. | ||
| Zheng Hun (Wengong) | 鄭渾 (文公) | |
| Chêng Hun | 郑浑 (文公) | |
| Encouraged parents not to abandon infants, isolated and defeated Liang Xing. | ||
| Zheng Sui | 郑遂 | |
| Chêng Sui | 郑遂 | |
| Student of Li Gu, compiled record of master’s sayings. Killed by Turbans from Qing. | ||
| Zheng Wen | 鄭文 | |
| Chêng Wên | 郑文 | |
| Officer under Sima Yi. Falsesly surrendered to Kongming. Executed by Kongming. | ||
Notes: Commonly listed as Deng Wen 邓文. Confusion may be the cause: zheng4 鄭/郑 vs deng4 鄧/邓. |
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| Zheng Xuan (Kangcheng) | 鄭玄 (康成) | |
| Chêng Hsüan (K‘-ang-ch‘êng) | 郑玄 (康成) | |
| Loved wine, a leading scholar of his day but hated court life. Had many students. | ||
| Zhong Hui (Shiji) | 鍾會 (士季) | |
| Chung Hui (Shih-chi) | 锺会 (士季) | |
| Close adviser of Sima Zhao. Later plotted rebellion and was killed by mutinous troops. | ||
| Zhong Jin | 鍾縉 | |
| Chung Chin | 钟缙 | |
| Used a large axe but was dismounted by Zhao Yun. | ||
| Zhong Jing | 鍾進 | |
| Chung Ching | 钟进 | |
| Went to inspect a gate of Chang’an, he was was cut down by Pang De. | ||
Notes: Called Zhong Jin in some translations of the novel. |
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| Zhong Shen | 鍾紳 | |
| Chung Shên | 钟绅 | |
| Had half his head cut off by Zhao Yun as Shen pursued the Shu general. | ||
| Zhong Yao (Yuanchang) | 鍾繇 (元常) | |
| Chung Yao (Yüan-ch‘ang) | 钟繇 (元常) | |
| Famous calligrapher. Stirred up quarrel between Han Sui and Ma Teng, close to Cao Pi. | ||
| Zhong Yu (Zhishu) | 鍾毓 (稚叔) | |
| Chung Yü (Chih-shu) | 钟毓 (稚叔) | |
| Elder son of Zhong Yao. Warned Sima Zhao about his brother’s untrustworthy nature. | ||
| Zhongli Fei | 鍾離斐 | |
| Chungli Fei | 钟离斐 | |
| Officer of Wu. Known for his bold military tactics. | ||
| Zhou Ang | 周昂 | |
| Chou Ang | 周昂 | |
| Sent to attack Sun Jian, he took the camp and killed Gongsun Yue but was defeated. | ||
| Zhou Bi (Zhongyuan) | 周毖 (仲遠) | |
| Chou Pi (Chung-yüan) | 周毖 (仲远) | |
| Executed for bad advice, Dong Zhuo later regretted it. Protected Yuan Shao and acted as his agent. | ||
| Zhou Cang | 周倉 | |
| Chou Ts‘ang | 周仓 | |
| Yellow Scarves leader turned subordinate of Guan Yu. Fictional. | ||
| Zhou Chao | 周朝 | |
| Chou Ch‘ao | 周朝 | |
| With Guo Shi, ravaged Lingling, Guiyang, and Changsha until destroyed by Sun Jian. | ||
| Zhou Chu (Ziyin) | 周處 (子隱) | |
| Chou Ch‘u (Tzŭ-yin) | 周处 (子隐) | |
| Son of Zhou Fang. After Wu’s defeat, he joins Jin and fights against the Qiang tribe, but dies on the battlefield. | ||
| Zhou Fang (Ziyu) | 周魴 (子魚) | |
| Chou Fang (Tzŭ-yü) | 周鲂 (子鱼) | |
| Trapped Cao Xiu, allowing the Wu army to score a great victory. | ||
| Zhou Gu | 周谷 | |
| Chou Ku | 周谷 | |
| Allowed Sun Quan to use public money. When Quan became ruler, didn’t give Gu office. | ||
| Zhou Huan (Wenming) | 周奐 | |
| Chou Huan (Wên-ming) | 周奂 | |
| Part of Wang Yun’s government, killed by Li Jue and Guo Si’s troops. | ||
| Zhou Jing | 周旌 | |
| Chou Ching | 周旌 | |
| Part of Wang Fen’s plot in 188 to kidnap Emperor Ling. Cao Cao refused to be involved. | ||
| Zhou Jun | 周峻 | |
| Chou Chün | 周峻 | |
| A nephew of Zhou Yu. Was a trusted and capable subordinate of Lu Xun. Captured Shiyang from Wei by causing its citizens to panic. | ||
| Zhou Jun (Kailin) | 周浚 (開林) | |
| Chou Chün (K‘-ai-lin) | 周浚 (开林) | |
| Governor of Yang province in Jin. Participated in the conquest of Wu. | ||
| Zhou Ping | 周平 | |
| Chou P‘ing | 周平 | |
| Went to aid Xia Xun but was disconcerted by his death and slain by Guan Xing. | ||
| Zhou Qun (Zhongzhi) | 周群 (仲直) | |
| Chou Ch‘ün (Chung-chih) | 周群 (仲直) | |
| Predicted the Han’s fall, Liu Biao’s death, success with pain at Hanzhong among others. | ||
| Zhou Shan | 周善 | |
| Chou Shan | 周善 | |
| Took part in the kidnap plot against Liu Shan and Lady Sun but was killed by Zhang Fei. | ||
| Zhou Shang | 周尚 | |
| Chou Shang | 周尚 | |
| Sent to oversee fight against Liu Yao. Replaced by Yuan Yin. | ||
| Zhou Shen | 周慎 | |
| Chou Shên | 周慎 | |
| Badly beaten by Han Sui and Bian Zhang due to his failure to listen to advice. | ||
| Zhou Tai | 州泰 | |
| Chou T‘ai | 州泰 | |
| Wei governor in Yue territory. Helped to secure victory against Zhuge Dan. | ||
| Zhou Tai (Youping) | 周泰 (幼平) | |
| Chou T‘ai (Yu-p‘ing) | 周泰 (幼平) | |
| Wu officer who Saved Sun Quan’s life, and was loved dearly in return. | ||
| Zhou Xin (Daming) | 周昕 (大明) | |
| Chou Hsin (Ta-ming) | 周昕 (大明) | |
| Well read, he resigned his position rather then have Yuan Shu to harm his people. | ||
| Zhou Xuan (Konghe) | 周宣 (孔和) | |
| Chou Hsüan (K‘ung-ho) | 周宣 (孔和) | |
| Interpretor of dreams, right nine times out of ten. Warned about female rebels. | ||
| Zhou Xun | 周循 | |
| Chou Hsün | 周循 | |
| The eldest son of Zhou Yu. Said to have inherited his father’s ability, but died at age 17. | ||
| Zhou Yin | 周胤 | |
| Chou Yin | 周胤 | |
| The second son of Zhou Yu. Exiled for misdeeds, later pardoned. | ||
| Zhou Yu (Gongjin) | 周瑜 (公瑾) | |
| Chou Yü (Kung-chin) | 周瑜 (公瑾) | |
| Skilled war commander of Wu. Commanded Wu forces at the Battle of Chibi. | ||
| Zhou Yu (Renming) | 周㬂 | |
| Chou Yü (Jên-ming) | 周㬂 | |
| Helped his brother against Sun Jian and Yuan Shu, he was later killed by Xu Gong. | ||
| Zhou Zhao | 周昭 | |
| Chou Chao | 周昭 | |
| One of the officals that worked on the Wu shu. | ||
| Zhou Zhi | 周旨 | |
| Chou Chih | 周旨 | |
| Fought against Wu. Ambushes and kills Sun Xin then kills Shen Rong in a raid. | ||
| Zhou Zhi | 周直 | |
| Chou Chih | 周直 | |
| Killed by Li Tong at a meeting whilst drunk. His followers were added to Li Tong’s troops. | ||
| Zhou Zhong (Jiamou) | 周忠 (嘉謀) | |
| Chou Chung (Chia-mou) | 周忠 (嘉谋) | |
| Urged Li Jue to call in Zhu Jun, led troops to protect Xian and had some success. | ||
| Zhu Bao | 朱褒 | |
| Chu Pao | 朱褒 | |
| Rebelled against Shu with Yong Kai and Gao Ding. Killed when Gao Ding defected. | ||
| Zhu En | 朱恩 | |
| Chu Ên | 朱恩 | |
| Officer who served in Zhuge Ke’s personal police force. | ||
| Zhu Fang | 朱芳 | |
| Chu Fang | 朱芳 | |
| General of Wang Jing, one of four sent to attack Jiang Wei, they are defeated. | ||
| Zhu Fu | 朱撫 | |
| Chu Fu | 朱抚 | |
| Took in refugee’s from the north, forced to flee as his officers sparked revolts. | ||
| Zhu Gai | 朱蓋 | |
| Chu Kai | 朱盖 | |
| Fought under Zhang Liao against Chen Lan and Xu Huang against Guan Yu. | ||
| Zhu (Gongdao) | 祝 (公道) | |
| Chu (Kung-tao) | 祝 (公道) | |
| Rescued Jia Kui from prison of Guo Yuan, later executed for some crime. | ||
| Zhu Guang | 朱光 | |
| Chu Kuang | 朱光 | |
| Set up farms at Huan and provoked riots against Wu but Sun Quan attacked and took the city. | ||
| Zhu Hao (Wenming) | 朱皓 (文明) | |
| Chu Hao (Wên-ming) | 朱皓 (文明) | |
| Established excellent government. Attacked Yuan Shu, later killed by Zhai Rong. | ||
| Zhu Han | 朱漢 | |
| Chu Han | 朱汉 | |
| Treated rudely by Han Fu, got revenge by attacking the house and breaking the legs of Han Fu’s son. | ||
| Zhu Huan (Xiumu) | 朱桓 (休穆) | |
| Chu Huan (Hsiu-mu) | 朱桓 (休穆) | |
| Possibly a little mad, murdered the servants of Quan Yi. Destroyed Cao Ren at Ruxu. | ||
| Zhu Ji | 朱紀 | |
| Chu Chi | 朱纪 | |
| Zhu Zhi’s third son. Married to a daughter of Sun Ce. | ||
| Zhu Ji | 朱績 | |
| The son of Zhu Ran. He defended Jiangling from the Wei general Wang Chang and was known for his courage and bravery. Sometimes called Shi Ji (施績) | ||
| Zhu Ju (Ziju) | 朱據 (子據) | |
| Chu Chü (Tzŭ-chü) | 朱据 (子据) | |
| Wu Scholar. Demoted after supporting Sun He. Tricked into committing suicide. | ||
| Zhu Jun (Gongwei) | 朱儁 (公偉) | |
| Chu Chün (Kung-wei) | 朱儁 (公伟) | |
| Han minister who fought against the Yellow Scarves with Liu Bei and Sun Jian. | ||
| Zhu Ling (Wenbo) | 朱靈 (文博) | |
| Chu Ling (Wên-po) | 朱灵 (文博) | |
| Said to be disliked by Cao Cao, his reputation was equal that of Xu Huang’s. | ||
| Zhu Ran (Yifeng) | 朱然 (義封) | |
| Chu Jan (I-fêng) | 朱然 (义封) | |
| Served Wu. Was the son of Zhu Zhi’s sister. Studied together with Sun Quan. | ||
| Zhu Xi | 朱熹 | |
| Chu Hsi | 朱熹 | |
| Using the Zizhi tongjian and other sources, wrote the Tongjian gangmu. | ||
| Zhu Yi (Jiwen) | 朱異 (季文) | |
| Chu I (Chi-wên) | 朱异 (季文) | |
| A general of Wu and the son of Zhu Huan. Executed by Sun Chen for numerous defeats. | ||
| Zhu Ying | 朱應 | |
| Chu Ying | 朱应 | |
| Went to Funan, in SE Asia, as an envoy. Wrote the Funan yiwu zhi, a record of what he saw. | ||
| Zhu Zan | 朱讚 | |
| Chu Tsan | 朱讚 | |
| Officer of Cao Zhen, sent to raid the Shu camp but failed. Killed by Zhao Yun. | ||
| Zhu Zhi (Junli) | 朱治 (君理) | |
| Chu Chih (Chün-li) | 朱治 (君理) | |
| Served through three generations of the Sun family. Magistrate in Wu County. | ||
| Zhuang Zi [Nan Hua] | 莊子[南華] | |
| Chuang Tzŭ [Nan Hua] | 莊子[南华] | |
| Old Taoist Sage from Mt. Hua that gave Zhang Jue the Way of Peace (太平要術). | ||
Notes: Though frequently presented under the proper name, Zhuang Zi (莊子), the literal text presents his name as “The Nanhua Immortal” (南華真人). This is sometimes simplified to ‘Nanhua’ or ‘Nan Hua’ (南華), which is not correct. Zhuang Zi is none other than the famous Taoist sage from the Warring States period, and with this in mind, you may also see him listed, of course, as Chang Tzu (Wade-Giles), Zhuang Zhou (莊周) (his given name), Meng Official (蒙吏), Meng Zhuang (蒙莊), and Meng Elder (蒙叟). He also appears in some Koei games as ‘Nan Hua’. |
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| Zhuge Chuo | 諸葛綽 | |
| Chuko Ch‘o | 诸葛绰 | |
| Zhuge Dan (Gongxiu) | 諸葛誕 (公休) | |
| Chuko Tan (Kung-hsiu) | 诸葛诞 (公休) | |
| Zhuge Liang’s cousin. Tried to rebel against Sima Zhao, but was executed. | ||
| Zhuge Feng (Shaoji) | 諸葛豐 (少季) | |
| Chuko Fêng (Shao-chi) | 诸葛丰 (少季) | |
| Commander in the Western Han Dynasty. Ancestor of Zhuge Liang. | ||
| Zhuge Gui (Zigong) | 諸葛珪 (子貢) | |
| Chuko Kuei (Tzŭ-kung) | 诸葛珪 (子贡) | |
| Zhuge Liang’s father. Descended from Zhuge Feng. Governor’s deputy in Taishan. | ||
Notes: His style is entered in the Sanguozhi as Jungong (君貢) but in Sanguo Yanyi as Zigong (子貢). Jungong is likely correct as it stems from Sanguozhi. We are looking into this. |
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| Zhuge Hui (Daoming) | 諸葛恢 (道明) | |
| Chuko Hui (Tao-ming) | 诸葛恢 (道明) | |
| Zhuge Jian | 諸葛建 | |
| Chuko Chien | 诸葛建 | |
| Third son of Zhuge Ke. | ||
| Zhuge Jin (Ziyu) | 諸葛瑾 (子瑜) | |
| Chuko Chin (Tzŭ-yü) | 诸葛瑾 (子瑜) | |
| Zhuge Liang’s older brother in service to Wu. Highly trusted by Sun Quan. | ||
| Zhuge Jing | 諸葛京 | |
| Chuko Ching | 诸葛京 | |
| Zhuge Zhan’s second son. Served Jin following the collapse of Shu. | ||
| Zhuge Jing | 諸葛靚 | |
| Chuko Ching | 诸葛靚 | |
| Served Sun Hao in Wu. Failed to aid his father, Zhuge Dan. Retired in shame. | ||
| Zhuge Jun | 諸葛均 | |
| Chuko Chün | 诸葛均 | |
| Zhuge Liang’s younger brother, worked his way up in Shu. | ||
| Zhuge Ke (Yuanxun) | 諸葛恪 (元遜) | |
| Chuko K‘o (Yüan-hsün) | 诸葛恪 (元逊) | |
| Served Wu as Imperial Guardian. Son of Zhuge Jin. Murdered by Sun Jun. | ||
| Zhuge Liang (Kongming) | 諸葛亮 (孔明) | |
| Chuko Liang (K‘ung-ming) | 诸葛亮 (孔明) | |
| Mastermind of Shu’s rise as a great power. Also known as ‘Sleeping Dragon’. | ||
Notes: Also known by his nickname, ‘Sleeping Dragon’ or ‘Wo Long’ (臥龍). His original novel introduction, with Pang Tong, comes under this title. |
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| Zhuge Pan | 諸葛攀 | |
| Chuko P‘an | 诸葛攀 | |
| The son of Zhuge Qiao. After Zhuge Ke’s death, was restored as Zhuge Jin’s heir. | ||
| Zhuge Qian | 諸葛虔 | |
| Chuko Ch‘ien | 诸葛虔 | |
| Subordinate of Chang Diao in an attack on Zhu Huan. | ||
| Zhuge Qiao (Bosong) | 諸葛喬 (伯鬆) | |
| Chuko Ch‘iao (Po-sung) | 诸葛乔 (伯松) | |
| Famed in his own time, lacked brother’s talent but had superior disposition. | ||
Notes: Originally styled Zhongshen (仲慎), but after adopting him Zhuge Liang changed it to Bosong (伯松). |
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| Zhuge Rong (Shuchang) | 諸葛融 (叔長) | |
| Chuko Jung (Shu-ch‘ang) | 诸葛融 (叔长) | |
| The third son of Zhuge Jin. Served Wu. | ||
| Zhuge Shang | 諸葛尚 | |
| Chuko Shang | 诸葛尚 | |
| Died with his father on the battlefield against Deng Ai at only nineteen years old. | ||
| Zhuge Song | 諸葛竦 | |
| Chuko Sung | 诸葛竦 | |
| The second son of Zhuge Ke. | ||
| Zhuge Jing (Zhongsi) | 諸葛靚 (仲思) | |
| Chuko Ching (Chung-ssu) | 诸葛靓 (仲思) | |
| Discusses plans of defence but on seeing Jin army, runs away weeping. | ||
| Zhuge Xu | 諸葛緒 | |
| Chuko Hsü | 诸葛绪 | |
| Imperial Inspector of Yongzhou before helping Deng Ai’s invasion of Shu. | ||
| Zhuge Xuan | 諸葛玄 | |
| Chuko Hsüan | 诸葛玄 | |
| Served Yuan Shu as Grand Administrator of Yuzhang. Later driven out by Zhu Hao. | ||
| Zhuge Yi (Daohui) | 諸葛頤 (道回) | |
| Chuko I (Tao-hui) | 诸葛颐 (道回) | |
| The grandson of Zhuge Dan and son of Zhuge Jing. | ||
| Zhuge Zhan (Siyuan) | 諸葛瞻 (思遠) | |
| Chuko Chan (Ssŭ-yüan) | 诸葛瞻 (思远) | |
| Zhuge Liang’s son. Died along with his son defending Shu from Deng Ai. | ||
| Zhuge Zhi | 諸葛直 | |
| Chuko Chih | 诸葛直 | |
| Voyaged for Wu to find and conquer foreign lands with Wei Wen. Failed and was executed. | ||
| Zong Bao | 宗寶 | |
| Tsung Pao | 宗宝 | |
| Slain in a few bouts by the Yellow Turban general Guan Hai. | ||
| Zong Yu (Deyan) | 宗預 (德艷) | |
| Tsung Yü (Tê-yen) | 宗预 (德艳) | |
| Shu official. Sent to Wu to ask about Wu’s increased border guard after Zhuge Liang died. | ||
| Zong (Ziqing) | 宗 (子卿) | |
| Tsung (Tzŭ-ch‘ing) | 宗 (子卿) | |
| Persuaded the rebelling Hou Yin to let the governor go, joined in attack on Hou Yin. | ||
| Zou Dan | 鄒丹 | |
| Tsou Tan | 邹丹 | |
| Killed by the rebelling Yan Rou, 4,000 of his men are killed as well. | ||
| Zou Jing | 鄒靖 | |
| Tsou Ching | 邹靖 | |
| Served as Commandant under Liu Yan. Fought the Yellow Scarves with Liu Bei. | ||
Notes: ‘Zhou Jing’ in the online Brewitt-Taylor Translation. |
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| Zou Qi | 鄒岐 | |
| Tsou Ch‘i | 邹岐 | |
| Appointed in AD 220–221 to administrative posts in Liangzhou during times of rebellion. | ||
| Zou Ta | 鄒他 | |
| Tsou T‘a | 邹他 | |
| Local leader, refused to accept Sun Ce but was defeated and killed. | ||
| Zu Bi | 祖弼 | |
| Tsu Pi | 祖弼 | |
| Keeper of the Imperial Seal under Emperor Xian. Executed before Xian was deposed. | ||
| Zu Lang | 祖郎 | |
| Tsu Lang | 祖郎 | |
| Chieftain of Danyang. Defeated Sun Ce but later joined his army. | ||
| Zu Mao (Darong) | 祖茂 (大榮) | |
| Tsu Mao (Ta-jung) | 祖茂 (大荣) | |
| One of Sun Jian’s first four commanders. Tricked Hua Xiong in order to save Sun Jian’s life. | ||
| Zuo Chengzu | 左丞祖 | |
| Tso Ch‘êngtsu | 左丞祖 | |
| Able in planning, ignored by Kong Rong. Later executed for suggesting Rong seek allies. | ||
| Zuo Ci (Yuanfang) | 左慈 (元放) | |
| Tso Tz‘ŭ (Yüan-fang) | 左慈 (元放) | |
| Taoist named ‘Master Black Horn’. Trained in the occult at Emei Mountain. | ||
Notes: Rafe de Crespigny calls him Zuo Ce. |
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| Zuo Feng | 左豐 | |
| Tso Fêng | 左丰 | |
| Eunuch of Han. Sent to evaluate Lu Zhi. Demanded a bribe, then lied about his merit. | ||
Notes: His name is incorrectly translated as ‘Zhuo Feng’ in some Brewitt-Taylor editions. |
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| Zuo Ling | 左靈 | |
| Tso Ling | 左灵 | |
| At Li Jue’s orders, with Jia Xu, restrained Emperor Xian. Slandered Duan Wei. | ||
| Zuo Xian | 左咸 | |
| Tso Hsien | 左咸 | |
| Reminds Sun Quan of how well Cao Cao treated Guan Yu, to no avail. | ||
| Zuo Yi | 左奕 | |
| Tso I | 左奕 | |
| Participated in the attack on Bu Chan under Lu Kang’s command. | ||
Copyright © 2001–2013 James Peirce
April 6, 2010