Three Kingdoms Officer Names: Wei Kingdom
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Wei Kingdom: officer names from the Three Kingdoms officer name English“Chinese reference tool. Cross-reference given (xìng), personal (míng) and style (zì), given (xìng) and personal (míng) names in Pinyin, Wade-Giles, and traditional Chinese (both in Hanzi and decimal-encoded form for non-Unicode websites and forums).
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Name (family, given), style, Wade-Giles, tones, traditional and simplified Chinese.
| Officer Name (Wade-Giles) |
Traditional, Simplified |
Traditional Chinese, Simplified Chinese |
|---|---|---|
| Bao Rong | 鮑融 | |
| Pao Jung | 鲍融 | |
| Son of Bao Shao, to whom the inheritance went after Bao Shao’s death. | ||
| Bao Shao | 鮑邵 | |
| Pao Shao | 鲍邵 | |
| Enfeoffed in memory of the loyalty of his father Bao Xin. | ||
| Bao Xin | 鮑信 | |
| Pao Hsin | 鲍信 | |
| Urged Yuan Shao to attack Dong, invited Cao Cao to govern Yan. Died fighting Turbans. | ||
| Bao Xun (Shuye) | 鮑勛 (叔業) | |
| Pao Hsün (Shu-yeh) | 鲍勋 (叔业) | |
| Strict morality meant Xun had conflicts with Cao Pi, was eventually executed. | ||
| Bi Chen | 畢諶 | |
| Pi Ch‘ên | 毕谌 | |
| Aide to Cao Cao, his family was captured and he left only to be captured later. | ||
Notes: Also called Bi Cheng in the SGZ. |
||
| Bi Gui (Zhaoxian) | 畢軌 (昭先) | |
| Pi Kuei (Chao-hsien) | 毕轨 (昭先) | |
| Officer of Cao Shuang’s faction, executed by Sima Yi after Sima Yi’s coup. | ||
| Bian Bing | 卞秉 | |
| Pien Ping | 卞秉 | |
| Served Wei. Brother of Empress Bian. | ||
| Bian Lan | 卞蘭 | |
| Pien Lan | 卞蘭 | |
| Close to both Cao Pi and Cao Rui, an honest advisor. Suffered from diabetes. | ||
| Bian Xi | 卞喜 | |
| Pien Hsi | 卞喜 | |
| Met Guan Yu with mock hospitality at Sishui Pass, and died for his trouble. | ||
| Bing | 昺 | |
| Ping | 昺 | |
| General who took part in a steele about Cao Pi’s rise to the Imperial Throne. | ||
| Bing Yuan (Genju) | 邴原 (根矩) | |
| Ping Yüan (Kên-chü) | 邴原 (根矩) | |
| Friend of Hua Xin. Belly of “The Dragon”, a group of three scholars. | ||
| Bo Xiaochang | 柏孝長 | |
| Po Hsiaoch‘ang | 柏孝长 | |
| An officer of Merit who first hid when Liu Biao attacked, but took part in fighting after 5 days. | ||
| Cai He | 蔡和 | |
| Ts‘ai Ho | 蔡和 | |
| Cai Mao’s brother. Surrendered to Wu before Chibi, but executed by Zhou Yu. | ||
| Cai Lin | 蔡林 | |
| Ts‘ai Lin | 蔡林 | |
| Officer of Zhuge Ke, he defected to Wei with his entire company at Xincheng. | ||
| Cai Mao (Degui) | 蔡瑁 (德珪) | |
| Ts‘ai Mao (Tê-kuei) | 蔡瑁 (德圭) | |
| Assisted Liu Biao in taking control of Jing, prevented Liu Qi from visiting father. | ||
| Cai Xun | 蔡壎 | |
| Ts’ai Hsün | 蔡埙 | |
| Relative of Cai Mao, killed with an arrow by Gan Ning in a navy battle. | ||
| Cai Yang | 蔡陽 | |
| Ts‘ai Yang | 蔡阳 | |
| Sent to take Ru Nan from Liu Bei and Liu Pi but failed and was killed. | ||
| Cai Zhong | 蔡中 | |
| Ts‘ai Chung | 蔡中 | |
| Cai Mao’s cousin. Surrendered to Wu before Chibi, but was killed by Gan Ning. | ||
| Cang Ci (Xiaoren) | 倉慈 (孝仁) | |
| Ts‘ang Tz‘ŭ (Hsiao-jên) | 仓慈 (孝仁) | |
| Governor of Dunhuang, his handling of foreign affairs gave him a great reputation. | ||
| Cang Xun | 倉恂 | |
| Ts‘ang Hsün | 仓恂 | |
| Son of Cang Ci. Served as a military official in Jinping. | ||
| Cao Ang (Zixiu) | 曹昂 (子脩) | |
| Ts‘ao Ang (Tzŭ-hsiu) | 曹昂 (子脩) | |
| Served Wei. Cao Cao’s first son. Died to save his father. | ||
| Cao Anmin | 曹安民 | |
| Ts‘ao Anmin | 曹安民 | |
| Served Wei. Cao Cao’s nephew. Died in the battle against Zhang Xiu. | ||
Notes: Called ‘Cao Amin’ for some reason in the online version of the novel. |
||
| Cao Biao (Zhuhu) | 曹彪 (朱虎) | |
| Ts‘ao Piao (Chu-hu) | 曹彪 (朱虎) | |
| Cao Zhi wrote a poem about him. Cao Biao would later be found guilty of treason. | ||
| Cao Cao (Mengde) | 曹操 (孟德) | |
| Ts‘ao Ts‘ao (Mêng-tê) | 曹操 (孟德) | |
| Founder of Wei. Built the foundation of what would become the Jin Dynasty. | ||
Notes: In Sanguozhi Chen Shou references him with the honorary title, Wu Di (武帝), or ‘Martial Emperor’. Cao Cao appears in other sources under this name. Cao Cao’s infant name was A-Man (阿瞞). |
||
| Cao Chong (Cangshu) | 曹沖 (倉舒) | |
| Ts‘ao Ch‘ung (Ts‘ang-shu) | 曹冲 (仓舒) | |
| Cao Cao’s third son. Possessed and adult’s intelligence at age 5, but died young. | ||
| Cao Chun (Zihe) | 曹純 (子和) | |
| Ts‘ao Ch‘un (Tzŭ-ho) | 曹纯 (子和) | |
| Cao Ren’s younger brother. Defeated by Zhou Yu in the southern cities. | ||
| Cao De | 曹德 | |
| Ts‘ao Tê | 曹德 | |
| Brother of Cao Cao. Killed by Zhang Kai with his father Cao Song. | ||
| Cao Fang (Lanqing) | 曹芳 (蘭卿) | |
| Ts‘ao Fang (Lan-ch‘ing) | 曹芳 (兰卿) | |
| Cao Rui’s crown prince. Became Emperor at age eight. Deposed by Sima Shi. | ||
| Cao Fu | 曹馥 | |
| Ts‘ao Fu | 曹馥 | |
| Son of Cao Hong. Inherited his father’s fief and title. | ||
| Cao Gan | 曹幹 | |
| Ts‘ao Kan | 曹干 | |
| Son of Cao Cao, contemplated revolt against Cao Rui. | ||
| Cao Gun | 曹袞 | |
| Ts‘ao Kun | 曹衮 | |
| Noted for his scholarship and quiet conduct. Wrote essays when young. | ||
Notes: Called Cao Kun in the ZZTJ. |
||
| Cao Hong (Zilian) | 曹洪 (子廉) | |
| Ts‘ao Hung (Tzŭ-lien) | 曹洪 (子廉) | |
| Served Wei. One of Cao Cao’s cousins and a vital element of his army. | ||
| Cao Huan (Jingming) | 曹奐 (景明) | |
| Ts‘ao Huan (Ching-ming) | 曹奂 (景明) | |
| Son of Cao Yu. Last Emperor of the Wei Dynasty. Abdicated to Sima Yan. | ||
Notes: Originally named Cao Huang (曹璜). An Emperor’s given name was ineffable. As such, it was stricken from use (sometimes changing city names and re-writing literature). Cao Huang changed his name to Huan to lessen the impact of this practice (learn more). |
||
| Cao Hui | 曹徽 | |
| Ts‘ao Hui | 曹徽 | |
| Maintained Cao Yu’s line. When Cao Cao died, he went hunting until reigned in. | ||
| Cao Ji | 曹棘 | |
| Ts‘ao Chi | 曹棘 | |
| Died early and was later made a Prince. | ||
| Cao Jiong | 曹冏 | |
| Ts‘ao Chiung | 曹冏 | |
| First son of Cao Rui. Prince of Qinghe. Died the year he was born. | ||
| Cao Jun | 曹均 | |
| Ts‘ao Chün | 曹均 | |
| Transferred to the line of his uncle, had a child. | ||
| Cao Kang | 曹犺 | |
| Ts‘ao K‘ang | 曹犺 | |
| Wei Duke, had son. | ||
| Cao Mao | 曹茂 | |
| Ts‘ao Mao | 曹茂 | |
| Arrogant, vicious and sinful, he had to wait a long time to be King, had large family. | ||
| Cao Mao (Yanshi) | 曹髦 (彥士) | |
| Ts‘ao Mao (Yen-shih) | 曹髦 (彥士) | |
| Grandson of Cao Pi. Was made Emperor after Cao Fang’s abdication by Sima Shi. | ||
| Cao Mu | 曹穆 | |
| Ts‘ao Mu | 曹穆 | |
| Second son of Cao Rui. Prince of Fanyang. Died young. | ||
| Cao Pi (Zihuan) | 曹丕 (子桓) | |
| Ts‘ao P‘i (Tzŭ-huan) | 曹丕 (子桓) | |
| Cao Cao’s second son and successor. Deposed Emperor Xian. First Wei Emperor. | ||
| Cao Ren (Zixiao) | 曹仁 (子孝) | |
| Ts‘ao Jên (Tzŭ-hsiao) | 曹仁 (子孝) | |
| Cao Cao’s cousin. Served as Minister of War for Cao Cao. | ||
| Cao Ru (Junlin) | 曹儒 (俊林) | |
| Ts‘ao Ju (Chün-lin) | 曹儒 (俊林) | |
| Served under Cao Zhang and then later against Wu. Became a Minister. | ||
| Cao Rui | 曹蕤 | |
| Ts‘ao Jui | 曹蕤 | |
| Son of Cao Pi. | ||
| Cao Rui (Yuanzhong) | 曹叡 (元仲) | |
| Ts‘ao Jui (Yüan-chung) | 曹睿 (元仲) | |
| A noted poet, was decisive in dealing with the 5th NC. Extravagant with buildings. | ||
| Cao Shu | 曹淑 | |
| Ts‘ao Shu | 曹淑 | |
| Cao Rui’s daughter and fourth child. Died in infancy. SGZ: Empress Zhen, Yang Fu. | ||
| Cao Shuang (Zhaobo) | 曹爽 (昭伯) | |
| Ts‘ao Shuang (Chao-po) | 曹爽 (昭伯) | |
| Regent of Cao Fang. Underestimated Sima Yi, was stripped of power, and executed. | ||
| Cao Shuo | 曹鑠 | |
| Ts‘ao Shuo | 曹铄 | |
| Served Wei. The Prince of Xiang Shang. Died at a young age. | ||
| Cao Song (Jugao) | 曹嵩 (巨高) | |
| Ts‘ao Sung (Chü-kao) | 曹嵩 (巨高) | |
| Adopted son of Cao Teng and father of Cao Cao. Also called Xiahou Song. | ||
Notes: Occasionally listed as, and once named, Xiahou Song (夏侯嵩). |
||
| Cao Tai | 曹泰 | |
| Ts‘ao T‘ai | 曹泰 | |
| Son of Cao Ren. Succeeded his father’s fief and later became a general of Wei. | ||
| Cao Xi | 曹羲 | |
| Ts‘ao Hsi | 曹羲 | |
| Warned his brother about his excesses but was ignored. Recommended surrender. | ||
| Cao Xiong | 曹熊 | |
| Ts‘ao Hsiung | 曹熊 | |
| Fourth son of Cao Cao from second wife Lady Bian. | ||
| Cao Xiu (Wenlie) | 曹休 (文烈) | |
| Ts‘ao Hsiu (Wên-lieh) | 曹休 (文烈) | |
| Performed well against Shu and Wu but fell for Zhou Fang’s ploy at Shi Ting. | ||
| Cao Xun | 曹訓 | |
| Ts‘ao Hsün | 曹训 | |
| Cao Zhen’s third son. Younger brother of Cao Shuang. Executed by Sima Yi. | ||
| Cao Yin | 曹殷 | |
| Ts‘ao Yin | 曹殷 | |
| Third son of Cao Rui. Posthumously Prince Ai of Anping. Died the year after he was born. | ||
| Cao Yong | 曹永 | |
| Ts‘ao Yung | 曹永 | |
| General of Cao Ren. Killed by Pang De, who also took his horse. | ||
| Cao Yu (Pengzu) | 曹宇 (彭祖) | |
| Ts‘ao Yü (P‘êng-tsu) | 曹宇 (彭祖) | |
| Son of Cao Cao. Refused to be Regent to Cao Fang due to his modest nature. | ||
| Cao Zhang (Ziwen) | 曹彰 (子文) | |
| Ts‘ao Chang (Tzŭ-wên) | 曹彰 (子文) | |
| Cao Cao’s second son. Fond of martial arts. Died not long after Cao Cao. | ||
| Cao Zhen (Zidan) | 曹真 (子丹) | |
| Ts‘ao Chên (Tzŭ-tan) | 曹真 (子丹) | |
| Served Wei. Adopted into Cao family. Managed affairs after Cao Pi’s death. | ||
Notes: Cao Zhen’s original family name was Qin. He was adopted into the Cao clan. |
||
| Cao Zheng | 曹整 | |
| Ts‘ao Chêng | 曹整 | |
| Adopted into the Cao Shao line but died without issue. | ||
| Cao Zhi (Zijian) | 曹植 (子建) | |
| Ts‘ao Chih (Tzŭ-chien) | 曹植 (子建) | |
| Cao Cao’s third son and originally favored as heir. Famous Poet. | ||
| Cao Zun | 曹遵 | |
| Ts‘ao Tsun | 曹遵 | |
| Relative of Cao Zhen. Appointed as vanguard against Zhuge Liang. Killed by Wei Yan. | ||
| Cen Wei | 岑威 | |
| Ts‘ên Wei | 岑威 | |
| Escort for the captured Wooden Horses but was killed by Wang Ping. | ||
| Chai Yu | 柴玉 | |
| Ch‘ai Yü | 柴玉 | |
| Well known bell maker, argued with Du Kui over a pair of them. Cao Cao made him a horse herder. | ||
| Chang Diao | 常雕 | |
| Ch‘ang Tiao | 常雕 | |
| Led an attack on Ruxu but was ambushed and killed by Zhu Huan. | ||
| Chang Lin (Bohuai) | 常林 (伯槐) | |
| Ch‘ang Lin (Po-huai) | 常林 (伯槐) | |
| Advised Cao Pi to not lead the army against Su Bo and Tian Yin but to leave it to a vassal. | ||
| Chang Xi | 昌豨 | |
| Ch‘ang Hsi | 昌豨 | |
| One of the Taishan Mountain Bandits. Constantly rebelled against Cao Cao. | ||
| Che Zhou | 車冑 | |
| Ch‘ê Chou | 车胄 | |
| Served Cao Cao. Provisional Protector/Imperial Inspector of Xuzhou. | ||
| Chen Cong | 陳琮 | |
| Ch‘ên Ts‘ung | 陈琮 | |
| Son of Chen Qiu, became an administrator under Cao Cao. | ||
| Chen Deng (Yuanlong) | 陳登 (元龍) | |
| Ch‘ên Têng (Yüan-lung) | 陈登 (元龙) | |
| Spied on Lü Bu with his father, Gui, for Cao Cao. Joined Liu Bei, then surrendered to Cao. | ||
| Chen Gong (Gongtai) | 陳宮 (公臺) | |
| Ch‘ên Kung (Kung-t‘-ai) | 陈宫 (公臺) | |
| Talented advisor who served, and died with, Lü Bu. Helped Cao Cao in the novel. | ||
| Chen Ji (Yuanfang) | 陳紀 (元方) | |
| Ch‘ên Chi (Yüan-fang) | 陈纪 (元方) | |
| A highly respected minister, opposed Dong Zhuo’s plan to move the capital. | ||
| Chen Jiao (Jibi) | 陳矯 (季弼) | |
| Ch‘ên Chiao (Chi-pi) | 陈矫 (季弼) | |
| Known as a righteous, happy yet calm person. Highly respected governor. | ||
| Chen Jun | 陳俊 | |
| Ch‘ên Chün | 陈俊 | |
| General of Sima Zhao. Participated in Sima Zhao’s campaign against Zhuge Dan. | ||
| Chen Lan | 陳蘭 | |
| Ch‘ên Lan | 陈兰 | |
| Serves Yuan Shu, then later leaves to join the Mt. Songshan Bandits with Lei Bo. | ||
Notes: Chen Jian in To Esablish Peace |
||
| Chen Lin (Kongzhang) | 陳琳 (孔璋) | |
| Ch‘ên Lin (K‘ung-chang) | 陈琳 (孔璋) | |
| Served under Emperor Ling, then under Yuan Shao. A superior writer. | ||
| Chen Mu | 陳牧 | |
| Ch‘ên Mu | 陈牧 | |
| Officer of Chen Yu, he was killed by Lü Fan. | ||
| Chen Qian (Xiuyuan) | 陳騫 (休淵) | |
| Ch‘ên Ch‘ien (Hsiu-yüan) | 陈骞 (休渊) | |
| A key Wei officer in the suppression of Zhuge Dan. Brigadier General of Jin. | ||
Notes: Appears in some sources under the name Chen Xuan (陳鶱). |
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| Chen Qun | 陳群 | |
| Ch‘ên Ch‘ün | 陈群 | |
| Served Cao Rui. Captain under Sima Yi in his campaign against Gongsun Yuan. | ||
| Chen Qun (Changwen) | 陳群 (長文) | |
| Ch‘ên Ch‘ün (Ch‘ang-wên) | 陈群 (长文) | |
| Served Wei. Imperial Censor under Cao Cao. Supreme Commander under Cao Pi. | ||
Notes: Sometimes his style is referenced incorrectly as ‘Zhangwen’. |
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| Chen Tai (Xuanbo) | 陳泰 (玄伯) | |
| Ch‘ên T‘ai (Hsüan-po) | 陈泰 (玄伯) | |
| Defended Wei against Jiang Wei. Wept at Cao Mao’s death, and died soon after. | ||
| Chen Yu (Gongwei) | 陈禹 | |
| Ch‘ên Yü (Kung-wei) | 陈禹 | |
| Tried to destroy Sun Ce by getting lords in the south to ally against him. | ||
| Chen Zao | 陳造 | |
| Ch‘ên Tsao | 陈造 | |
| Vanguard of Cao Zhen’s army and is slain by Ma Dai. | ||
| Cheng Gongying | 成公英 | |
| Ch‘êng Kungying | 成公英 | |
| Served Han Sui as a strategist. Suggested hiding among the Qiang. Submitted to Cao Cao. | ||
| Cheng Ke | 程克 | |
| Ch‘êng K‘o | 程克 | |
| Son of Cheng Yu, who served Wei. | ||
| Cheng Liang | 程良 | |
| Ch‘êng Liang | 程良 | |
| Son of Cheng Yu, who served Wei. | ||
| Cheng Wu | 程武 | |
| Ch‘êng Wu | 程武 | |
| Served Wei. Son of Cheng Yu. Advised Xiahou Mao against Zhao Yun. | ||
| Cheng Yin | 程銀 | |
| Ch‘êng Yin | 程银 | |
| One of Han Sui’s Eight Knights. Died fighting Cao Cao at Wei Nan. | ||
| Cheng Yu (Zhongde) | 程昱 (仲德) | |
| Ch‘êng Yü (Chung-tê) | 程昱 (仲德) | |
| Served Wei as an advisor. From Dong’e in Dongjun. | ||
Notes: Cheng (程) Li (立) was his original name, he dreamed about the mount Tai Shan when he was young, holding the sun (日) with both hands. Hence Cao Cao changed his name to Yu (昱) [Cheng Yu]. As you can see the word of Yu is composed with the word ‘sun’ (日) and the word ‘stand’ Li (立), together they form the word of Yu (昱). |
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| Wuhuan Chu [Chu of Wuhuan] | 烏桓觸 | |
| Wuhuan Ch‘u [Ch‘u of Wuhuan] | 乌桓触 | |
| Tribal chief, swore fealty to Cao Cao rather then help the Yuan sons. | ||
Notes: The characters of 烏桓 (wuhuan) are the same as those used for the Wuhuan tribe, thus ‘Chu of Wuhuan’ in many respected sources. |
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| Cui Lin (Deru) | 崔林 (德儒) | |
| Ts‘ui Lin (Tê-ju) | 崔林 (德儒) | |
| Cui Yan’s younger cousin, discussed the scholars of Ji province with Chen Qun. | ||
| Cui Yan (Jigui) | 崔琰 (季珪) | |
| Ts‘ui Yen (Chi-kuei) | 崔琰 (季珪) | |
| Scholar who served Yuan Shao then Cao Cao, who executed him for his opposition. | ||
| Dai Ling | 戴陵 | |
| Tai Ling | 戴陵 | |
| Served as assistant general to Zhang He during battle against Zhuge Liang. | ||
| Dang Jun | 黨均 | |
| Tang Chün | 党均 | |
| Served as advisor to Deng Ai. Spread false rumours about Jiang Wei. | ||
| Deng Ai (Shizai) | 鄧艾 (士載) | |
| Têng Ai (Shih-tsai) | 邓艾 (士载) | |
| Served Wei. Campaigned against Shu with Zhong Hui and brilliantly struck Chengdu. | ||
| Deng Xian | 鄧賢 | |
| Têng Hsien | 邓贤 | |
| Meng Da’s nephew. Under orders from Sima Yi, he betrayed Meng Da. | ||
| Deng Yi | 鄧義 | |
| Têng I | 邓义 | |
| Served under Liu Cong with Liu Xian. Surrendered to Cao Cao after Cong’s death. | ||
| Deng Zhong | 鄧忠 | |
| Têng Chung | 邓忠 | |
| Served Wei. Deng Ai’s talented son. Died attempting to aid his father. | ||
Notes: Referenced incorrectly as ‘Deng Zong’ in some online historical sources. |
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| Dian Man | 典滿 | |
| Tien Man | 典满 | |
| Served Wei. Dian Wei’s son, became a member of Cao Cao’s bodyguard. | ||
| Dian Wei | 典韋 | |
| Tien Wei | 典韦 | |
| Served Wei. One of Cao Cao’s trusted guards. Dian Man’s father. | ||
Notes: We originally listed Dian Wei’s style as Ziman (子曼). As we are no longer able to locate the source, and a few possible causes for error have turned up, we no longer have reason to believe he had the name. |
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| Ding Fei | 丁斐 | |
| Ting Fei | 丁斐 | |
| Magistrate of Weinan. Set free animals at Tong Gate to confuse Ma Chao’s army. | ||
| Ding Mi (Yanjing) | 丁謐 (彥靖) | |
| Ting Mi (Yen-ching) | 丁谧 (彦靖) | |
| Supporter of Cao Shuang. Executed by Sima Yi. | ||
| Ding Yi (Jingli) | 丁廙 (敬礼) | |
| Ting I (Ching-li) | 丁廙 (敬礼) | |
| Brother of Ding Yi (丁儀). Supporter of Cao Zhi. Executed with his brother by Cao Pi. | ||
Notes: Not to be confused with Ding Yì (丁儀). Sometimes incorrectly translated (perhaps in the name of disambiguation) as Ding Yin. |
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| Ding Yi (Zhengli) | 丁儀 (正禮) | |
| Ting I (Chêng-li) | 丁仪 (正礼) | |
| Brother of Ding Yi (丁廙). Supporter of Cao Zhi. Executed with his brother by Cao Pi. | ||
Notes: Not to be confused with Ding Yí (丁廙). |
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| Dong Chao | 董朝 | |
| Tung Ch‘ao | 董朝 | |
| Objected to Pang De as leader for battle against Guan Yu. | ||
| Dong Cheng | 董承 | |
| Tung Ch‘êng | 董承 | |
| Served Han as General of Cavalry and Chariots. Plots to assassinate Cao Cao. | ||
| Dong Zhao (Gongren) | 董昭 (公仁) | |
| Tung Chao (Kung-jên) | 董昭 (公仁) | |
| Served Han then Wei. Advised Cao Cao to move the capital to Xuchang. | ||
| Du Ji (Bohou) | 杜畿 (伯侯) | |
| Tu Chi (Po-hou) | 杜畿 (伯侯) | |
| Judged the best administrator in the empire, kept the people of Hedong loyal to Wei. | ||
| Du Kui (Gongliang) | 杜夔 (公良) | |
| Tu K‘uei (Kung-liang) | 杜夔 (公良) | |
| Gentleman of the Court Music. Reprimanded Liu Biao for creating an orchestra for his court. | ||
| Duan Wei (Zhongming) | 段煨 | |
| Tuan Wei (Chung-ming) | 段煨 | |
| Supplied Emperor Xian’s court despite being attacked. Destroyed Li Jue. | ||
| Empress Bian | 卞皇后 | |
| Empress Pien | 卞皇后 | |
| Wife of Cao Cao and mother of Cao Pi. Made empress dowager when Cao Pi became emperor. | ||
| Empress Guo (Nüwang) | 郭皇后 | |
| Empress Kuo (Nü-wang) | 郭皇后 | |
| One of Cao Pi’s wives, said to have spread doubts about Cao Rui’s birth. | ||
| Empress Zhang | 張皇后 | |
| Empress Chang | 张皇后 | |
| Daughter of Zhang Qi. Empress to Cao Fang. Ordered executed by Sima Shi. | ||
| Empress Zhang | 張皇后 | |
| Empress Chang | 張皇后 | |
| Sister to Lady Zhang, second wife of Liu Shan. | ||
| Empress Zhen [Zhen Ji] | 甄皇后[甄姫] | |
| Empress Chên [Chên Chi] | 甄皇后[甄姫] | |
| Formerly Yuan Xi’s wife. Later married to Cao Pi. Became Empress. | ||
Notes: Empress Zhen is frequently called Zhen Ji, as she is named by Koei. Referenced elsewhere as Zhen Luo (甄洛) or Empress Wenzhao (文昭皇后). I’ve recorded this as Huang2hou4 Zhen1 (Empress Zhen), with Ji1 as her given name. To say her name as Koei suggests, use Zhen (surname) and Ji1 (given name) together. |
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| Fan Cheng | 范成 | |
| Fan Ch‘êng | 范成 | |
| Appointed a prefect of Luoyang when Cao Cao moved the capital to Xuchang. | ||
| Fei Yao | 費曜 | |
| Fei Yao | 费曜 | |
| Officer of Wei. Reached rank of Grand Commander, but died in battle. | ||
| Fei Zhan | 費棧 | |
| Fei Chan | 费栈 | |
| Served the Shanyue. Later submitted to Wei, and rebelled against Sun Quan. | ||
| Feng Li | 馮禮 | |
| Fêng Li | 张礼 | |
| Served Yuan Shang. Punished for intoxication. Betrayed to Wei. Killed by Shen Pei. | ||
| Fu Gu (Lanshi) | 傅嘏 (蘭石) | |
| Fu Ku (Lan-shih) | 傅嘏 (兰石) | |
| Chair of the Secretariat, he opposed Sima Shi’s invasion of Wu. | ||
| Fu Xun (Gongti) | 傅巽 (公悌) | |
| Fu Hsün (Kung-t‘i) | 傅巽 (公悌) | |
| Advised Liu Cong to surrender. | ||
Notes: Sometimes appears as ‘Fu Xuan’ in Brewitt-Taylor translations. |
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| Gao Gan (Yuancai) | 高幹 (元才) | |
| Kao Kan (Yüan-ts‘ai) | 高干 (元才) | |
| Nephew of Yuan Shao. Defeated Li Dian and Yue Jin at Huguan Pass. | ||
| Gao Lan | 高覽 | |
| Kao Lan | 高览 | |
| Originally a talented officer of Yuan Shao. Defected with Zhang He to Wei. | ||
| Gao Rou (Wenhui) | 高柔 (文惠) | |
| Kao Jou (Wên-hui) | 高柔 (文惠) | |
| Minister of the Interior. Given provisional command of the army to seize Cao Shuang’s camp. | ||
| Geng Ji (Jixing) | 耿紀 (季行) | |
| Kêng Chi (Chi-hsing) | 耿纪 (季行) | |
| Launched a coup against Cao Cao. Wounded Wang Bi. Executed after his failure. | ||
| Gongsun Fang | 公孫方 | |
| Kungsun Fang | 公孙方 | |
| Studied under Zheng Xuan with his friend Cui Yan. He died young. | ||
| Gongsun Yuan | 公孫淵 | |
| Kungsun Yüan | 公孙渊 | |
| Originally subject to Wei. Declared himself King of Yan, but was executed by Sima Yi. | ||
| Gou An | 句安 | |
| Kou An | 句安 | |
| Drunkard officer under Li Yan. Beaten for arriving late with supplies, and fled to Wei. | ||
| Guan Yu (Yunchang) | 關羽 (雲長) | |
| Kuan Yü (Yün-ch‘ang) | 关羽 (云长) | |
| Sworn brother of Liu Bei and Zhang Fei. First of the Five Tiger Generals. | ||
Notes: Originally styled Changsheng (長生). He is frequently referenced by the honorary title, Guan Gong (關公), or ‘Lord Guan’. Guan Yu appears as Guan Gong or Lord Guan in most novel translations, many historic texts, and modern conversation outside the Three Kingdoms community, and on most merchandise. In religion he is called Saintly Emperor Guan (關聖帝君) or in Buddhism, Sangharama Bodhisattva (伽藍菩薩) (more). |
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| Guanqiu Dian (Zibang) | 毌丘甸 (子邦) | |
| Kuanch‘iu Tien (Tzŭ-pang) | 毌丘甸 (子邦) | |
| Son of Guanqiu Jian, he advised his father to rebel. | ||
| Guanqiu Jian (Zhonggong) | 毌丘儉 (仲恭) | |
| Kuanch‘iu Chien (Chung-kung) | 毌丘俭 (仲恭) | |
| Officer of Wei. Revolted against Sima Shi when he deposed Cao Fang. | ||
Notes: Sometimes mistranslated in Koei games as Wuqiu Jian. |
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| Guanqiu Xiu | 毌丘秀 | |
| Kuanch‘iu Hsiu | 毌丘秀 | |
| Younger brother of Guanqiu Jian. | ||
| Guo Huai (Boji) | 郭淮 (伯濟) | |
| Kuo Huai (Po-chi) | 郭淮 (伯济) | |
| Served Wei and fought extensively against Shu. Brother of Guo Pei. Father of Guo Tong. | ||
| Guo Jia (Fengxiao) | 郭嘉 (奉孝) | |
| Kuo Chia (Fêng-hsiao) | 郭嘉 (奉孝) | |
| Served Cao Cao as a trusted adviser during the formative years of Wei. | ||
| Guo Yi (Boyi) | 郭奕 (伯益) | |
| Kuo I (Po-i) | 郭奕 (伯益) | |
| Son of Guo Jia, became Imperial Tutor. Well educated. | ||
| Han De | 韓德 | |
| Han Tê | 韩德 | |
| Served Wei. Father to Han Ying, Yao, Qiong, and Qi. Died at Changshan facing Zhao Yun. | ||
| Han Fu (Wenjie) | 韓馥 (文節) | |
| Han Fu (Wên-chieh) | 韩馥 (文节) | |
| Surrendered to Yuan Shao but was abused. Fled to Zhang Miao and later committed suicide. | ||
| Han Fu (Yigong) | 韓福 (易公) | |
| Han Fu (I-kung) | 韩福 (易公) | |
| Governor of Luo Yang, killed by Guan Yu while guarding the passes. | ||
Notes: Translated in Brewitt-Taylor editions of the novel, and in Koei games, as Han Qu. |
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| Han Hao (Yuansi) | 韓浩 (元嗣) | |
| Han Hao (Yüan-ssŭ) | 韩浩 (元嗣) | |
| Rescued Xiahou Dun from being held hostage. Supported the farm reforms. | ||
| Han Ji (Gongzi) | 韓暨 (公至) | |
| Han Chi (Kung-tzŭ) | 韩暨 (公至) | |
| Sent by Cao Rui to tell Cao Zhen not to give battle against Zhuge Liang. | ||
| Han Sui (Wenyue) | 韓遂 (文約) | |
| Han Sui (Wên-yüeh) | 韩遂 (文约) | |
| Worked with Ma Chao, before defecting to Cao Cao. Lost his hand to Ma Chao. | ||
| Han Xuan | 韓玄 | |
| Han Hsüan | 韩玄 | |
| Magistrate of Changsha. Wei Yan killed him and surrendered to Liu Bei. | ||
| Hao Zhao (Bodao) | 郝昭 (伯道) | |
| Hao Chao (Po-tao) | 郝昭 (伯道) | |
| A talented officer of Wei. Successfully defended against Zhuge Liang at Chencang. | ||
| He Ceng (Yingkao) | 何曾 (穎考) | |
| Ho Ts‘êng (Ying-k‘-ao) | 何曾 (颖考) | |
| Son of He Kui, became Minister over the Masses. | ||
| He Kui (Shulong) | 何夔 (叔龍) | |
| Ho K‘uei (Shu-lung) | 何夔 (叔龙) | |
| Masters of Writing. Claimed Yuan Shu lacked support if he declared himself Emperor. | ||
| He Xia (Yangshi) | 和洽 (陽士) | |
| Ho Hsia (Yang-shih) | 和洽 (阳士) | |
| Rescued Mao Jie from jail but unable to restore his rank. Supported Cao Pi’s succession and ascension. | ||
Notes: Also known as He Qia. Appears as He He in the Brewitt-Taylor edition of Romance of the Three Kingdoms. |
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| He Yan (Pingshu) | 何晏 (平叔) | |
| Ho Yen (P‘ing-shu) | 何晏 (平叔) | |
| The grandson of He Jin, he served Wei. Was a trusted friend of Cao Shuang. | ||
| Hou Cheng | 侯成 | |
| Hou Ch‘êng | 侯成 | |
| Cavalry commander under Lü Bu. Defected to Cao Cao. | ||
| Hou Xuan | 侯選 | |
| Hou Hsüan | 侯选 | |
| One of Han Sui’s Eight Knights. Surrendered to Cao Cao along with Han Sui | ||
| Hu Fen (Xuanwei) | 胡奮 (玄威) | |
| Hu Fên (Hsüan-wei) | 胡奋 (玄威) | |
| Killed Zhuge Dan of Wu. Advised Du Yu to wait before attacking Jianye. | ||
| Hu Lie (Wuxuan) | 胡烈 (武玄) | |
| Hu Lieh (Wu-hsüan) | 胡烈 (武玄) | |
| Took part in invasion of Shu, got former a vassal to warn his son about Zhong Hui’s revolt. | ||
| Hu Yuan (Shiyuan) | 胡淵 (世元) | |
| Hu Yüan (Shih-yüan) | 胡渊 (世元) | |
| Son of Hu Lie, his army killed Zhong Hui and defeated Jiang Wei’s revolt. | ||
| Hu Zhi (Wende) | 胡質 (文德) | |
| Hu Chih (Wên-tê) | 胡质 (文德) | |
| Governor of Dongwan, took part in Cao Xiu’s invasion of Wu. | ||
| Hu Zun | 胡遵 | |
| Hu Tsun | 胡遵 | |
| Led the van against Gongsun Yuan then led the van in an invasion of Wu’s Dongxing. | ||
| Hua Xin (Ziyu) | 華歆 (子魚) | |
| Hua Hsin (Tzŭ-yü) | 华歆 (子鱼) | |
| Head of “The Dragon”, a group of three scholars. Promoted Emperor Xian’s abdication. | ||
| Huan Fan (Yuanze) | 桓範 (元則) | |
| Huan Fan (Yüan-tsê) | 桓范 (元则) | |
| Known as “Bag of Wisdom”, his advice was not heeded by Cao Shuang. Jailed by Sima Yi. | ||
| Huan Jie (Boxu) | 桓階 (伯緒) | |
| Huan Chieh (Po-hsü) | 桓阶 (伯绪) | |
| Served Wu, Wei. Negotiated the return of Sun Jian’s body. Involved with Xian’s abdication. | ||
Notes: Translated incorrectly as Huan Ji in some sources, including several Brewitt-Taylor editions. |
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| Huang Quan (Gongheng) | 黃權 (公衡) | |
| Huang Ch‘üan (Kung-hêng) | 黄权 (公衡) | |
| Served Liu Zhang and later Liu Bei. Surrendered to Wei out of necessity. | ||
| Huang Yong | 黃邕 | |
| Huang Yung | 黄邕 | |
| Son of Huang Quan, who served Liu Zhang then Shu. Died without issue. | ||
| Huangfu Kai | 皇甫闓 | |
| Huangfu K‘ai | 皇甫闓 | |
| Officer of Wei and, later, Jin. Joined Zhong Hui in his conquest of Hanzhong. | ||
| Ji Miao (Wenran) | 吉邈 (文然) | |
| Chi Miao (Wên-jan) | 吉邈 (文然) | |
| Son of Ji Ping. Joined Geng Ji’s coup to avenge his father but was killed in the fighting. | ||
Notes: Ji Miao sometimes appears as Ji Mao. The correct translation of 邈 is Miao. |
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| Ji Mu (Siran) | 吉穆 (思然) | |
| Chi Mu (Ssŭ-jan) | 吉穆 (思然) | |
| Son of Ji Ping. Fled the capital but returned secretly. Died in Geng Ji’s coup. | ||
| Jia Chong (Gonglü) | 賈充 (公閭) | |
| Chia Ch‘ung (Kung-lü) | 贾充 (公闾) | |
| Suggested usurpation of the throne to Sima Yan and opposed invasion of Wu. | ||
| Jia Fan | 賈範 | |
| Chia Fan | 贾范 | |
| Officer of Gongsun Yuan. Was executed by Yuan for opposing his declaration of independence. | ||
| Jia Kui (Liangdao) | 賈逵 (梁道) | |
| Chia K‘uei (Liang-tao) | 贾逵 (梁道) | |
| Served as strategist to Cao Xiu, seeing through Zhou Fang’s plot. | ||
| Jia Xu (Wenhe) | 賈詡 (文和) | |
| Chia Hsü (Wên-ho) | 贾诩 (文和) | |
| Skillful advisor. Served Dong Zhuo, Li Jue, Guo Si, Zhang Xiu, then Cao Cao. | ||
Notes: Jia Xu is pronounced Jia2 Xu3 because of the 3rd tone preceeding the second in his normal given name. His name and style name should be pronounced and said as “Jia3 Wen2 He2”, not “Jia2 Wen2 He2” |
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| Jiang Ban | 蔣班 | |
| Chiang Pan | 蒋班 | |
| Advised Zhuge Dan to force a battle to escape but was rejected. Surrendered to Wei. | ||
| Jiang Gan (Ziyi) | 蔣幹 (子翼) | |
| Chiang Kan (Tzŭ-i) | 蒋干 (子翼) | |
| Friend of Zhou Yu, he was sent to spy on Wu but was tricked, helping to cause Wei’s defeat at Chibi. | ||
| Jiang Ji (Zitong) | 蔣濟 (子通) | |
| Chiang Chi (Tzŭ-t‘ung) | 蒋济 (子通) | |
| Advised against moving the capital when Guan Yu attacked. Helped Sima Yi deal with Cao Shuang. | ||
| Jiang Shu | 蔣舒 | |
| Chiang Shu | 蒋舒 | |
| Jiang Wei highly prized his talent, was disgruntled and defected in Wei’s invasion. | ||
| Jiang Wei (Boyue) | 姜維 (伯約) | |
| Chiang Wei (Po-yüeh) | 姜维 (伯约) | |
| Served Shu as Minister of War, eventually inheriting Zhuge Liang’s responsibilities. | ||
| Jiang Xu (Boyi) | 姜敘 (伯奕) | |
| Chiang Hsü (Po-i) | 姜叙 (伯奕) | |
| Cousin of Yang Fu. Helped to drive out Ma Chao, but Ma Chao killed his mother. | ||
| Jiao Chu | 焦觸 | |
| Chiao Ch‘u | 焦触 | |
| Served Yuan Xi with Zhang Nan. Betrayed to Cao Cao. Killed by Han Dang at Chi Bi. | ||
| Jiao Yi | 焦彝 | |
| Chiao I | 焦彝 | |
| Advisor of Zhuge Dun, slipped over the walls and surrendered to Wei. | ||
| Jin Xuan (Yuanji) | 金旋 (元機) | |
| Chin Hsüan (Yüan-chi) | 金旋 (元机) | |
| Served as Governor of Wuling. Defeated by Zhang Fei. | ||
Notes: Called Jin Shun in Liu Bei’s SGZ. |
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| Jin Yi (Deyi) | 今已 | |
| Chin I (Tê-i) | 今已 | |
| Descendant of Jin Midi. Advised Geng Ji on killing Wang Bi. Died fighting in the coup. | ||
Notes: May also have been Jin Wei, son of Jin Shang. |
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| Kong Rong (Wenju) | 孔融 (文舉) | |
| K‘ung Jung (Wên-chü) | 孔融 (文举) | |
| One of the lords that assembled against Dong Zhuo. Descended from Confucius. | ||
| Kong Xiu | 孔秀 | |
| K‘ung Hsiu | 孔秀 | |
| One of the defenders of the Passes killed by Guan Yu. | ||
| Kuai Qi | 蒯祺 | |
| K‘uai Ch‘i | 蒯祺 | |
| Governor of Fangling. Killed by Meng Da’s troops. Supposedly related to Kuai Yue. | ||
| Kuai Yue (Yidu) | 蒯越 (異度) | |
| K‘uai Yüeh (I-tu) | 蒯越 (异度) | |
| Younger brother of Kuai Liang. Became a vassal of Wei when Cao Cao took Jing. | ||
| Lady Ding | 丁夫人 | |
| Lady Ting | 丁夫人 | |
| Cao Cao’s first wife, she blamed him for Cao Ang’s death and they divorced. | ||
| Li Dian (Mancheng) | 李典 (曼成) | |
| Li Tien (Man-ch‘êng) | 李典 (曼成) | |
| Served Wei. Assisted Zhang Liao in the defense of Hefei. | ||
| Li Feng | 李豐 | |
| Li Fêng | 李丰 | |
| Served Cao Fang. Killed by Sima Shi for plotting against him with Xiahou Xuan and Zhang Qi. | ||
| Li Fu (Zixian) | 李孚 (子憲) | |
| Li Fu (Tzŭ-hsien) | 李孚 (子宪) | |
| Secretary to Yuan Shang, then served under Cao Pi. | ||
| Li Ji | 李基 | |
| Li Chi | 李基 | |
| Son of Li Tong who inherited his rank. | ||
| Li Kan | 李堪 | |
| Li K‘an | 李堪 | |
| One of Han Sui’s Eight Knights. Accidentally killed by Yu Jin’s arrow. | ||
| Li Sheng (Gongzhao) | 李勝 (公昭) | |
| Li Shêng (Kung-chao) | 李胜 (公昭) | |
| Member of Cao Shuang’s faction, he was sent to check on Sima Yi’s health. | ||
| Li Tong (Wenda) | 李通 (文達) | |
| Li T‘ung (Wên-ta) | 李通 (文达) | |
| An officer of Wei. Saved Cao Cao’s rearguard in the retreat from Zhang Xiu. | ||
| Li Xu | 李绪 | |
| Li Hsü | 李绪 | |
| Son of Li Tong who was stationed at Fancheng, where he achieved some merit. | ||
| Liang Mao (Bofang) | 涼茂 (伯方) | |
| Liang Mao (Po-fang) | 凉茂 (伯方) | |
| Advised Gongsun Du against attacking Ye while Cao Cao was on campaign elsewhere. | ||
| Liang Xi (Ziyu) | 梁習 (子虞) | |
| Liang Hsi (Tzŭ-yü) | 梁习 (子虞) | |
| Inspector of Bing province, he pacified the Shanyu. | ||
| Liang Xu | 梁緒 | |
| Liang Hsü | 梁绪 | |
| Originally of Wei, he submitted to Zhuge Liang and was made Governor of Tianshui. | ||
| Liu Ba (Zichu) | 劉巴 (子初) | |
| Liu Pa (Tzŭ-ch‘u) | 刘巴 (子初) | |
| Rescued Shu’s economy after Liu Bei’s troops had plundered the treasury. | ||
| Liu Bei (Xuande) | 劉備 (玄德) | |
| Liu Pei (Hsüan-tê) | 刘备 (玄德) | |
| First Emperor of Shu and sworn brother of Guan Yu and Zhang Fei. | ||
Notes: Liu Bei is commonly referenced by the name, Xian Zhu (先主), ‘First Ruler’ or ‘First Soverign’. Chen Shou, in the Sanguozhi, refers to Liu Bei by this title to indicate the illegitimacy of his dynasty in the eyes of Jin. Sun Quan and his clan are placed on an even lower pedestal. |
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| Liu Cong | 劉琮 | |
| Liu Ts‘ung | 刘琮 | |
| Inherited Liu Biao’s kingdom upon his death, then surrendered it to Cao Cao. | ||
Notes: His name is frequently written ‘Liu Zong’, but this is incorrect. |
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| Liu Du | 劉度 | |
| Liu Tu | 刘度 | |
| Governor of Lingling. He surrendered to Liu Bei after his son was defeated. | ||
| Liu Fu (Yuanying) | 劉馥 (元穎) | |
| Liu Fu (Yüan-ying) | 刘馥 (元颖) | |
| His farming and defence improvements in Yangzhou allowed Wei to keep control of the area. | ||
| Liu Shan (Gongsi) | 劉禪 (公嗣) | |
| Liu Shan (Kung-ssŭ) | 刘禅 (公嗣) | |
| Liu Bei’s son and the second Emperor of Shu. Destroyed Shu through ineptitude. | ||
Notes: Also known by his infant name, A-Dou (阿斗). See Liu Shan’s Comprehensive Officer Biography for more information on his name. |
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| Liu Shao (Kongcai) | 劉劭 (孔才) | |
| Liu Shao (K‘ung-ts‘ai) | 刘劭 (孔才) | |
| Sent by Cao Rui to save Jiangxia from Wu. | ||
| Liu Shi (Zizhen) | 劉寔 (子真) | |
| Liu Shih (Tzŭ-chên) | 刘寔 (子真) | |
| Predicted Shu would fall but also that neither Deng Ai nor Zhong Hui would return. | ||
| Liu Xian (Shizong) | 劉先 | |
| Liu Hsien (Shih-tsung) | 刘先 | |
| Served under Liu Cong with Deng Yi. Surrendered to Cao Cao after Cong’s death. | ||
Notes: His name is incorrectly translated as ‘Liu Xin’ in some Brewitt-Taylor editions. |
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| Liu Xun (Zitai) | 劉勳 (子臺) | |
| Liu Hsün (Tzŭ-t‘-ai) | 刘勋 (子台) | |
| Prefect of Lujiang under Yuan Shu. He was tricked into abandoning his city by Sun Ce and fled to Cao Cao. | ||
| Liu Yan | 劉延 | |
| Liu Yen | 刘延 | |
| Grand Administrator of Dong commandery. Yuan Shao sent Yan Liang to attack him. | ||
Notes: Appears in Brewitt-Taylor translations as Liu Yue. |
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| Liu Ye (Ziyang) | 劉曄 (子揚) | |
| Liu Yeh (Tzŭ-yang) | 刘晔 (子扬) | |
| With other officials, went to Emperor Xian to petition his abdication to Cao Pi. | ||
| Liu Yi (Gongsi) | 劉廙 (恭嗣) | |
| Liu I (Kung-ssŭ) | 刘廙 (恭嗣) | |
| Among the officials that petitioned Emperor Xian to abdicate to Cao Pi. | ||
| Liu Zhu (Kongcai) | 劉助 (孔才) | |
| Liu Chu (K‘ung-ts‘ai) | 刘助 (孔才) | |
| Sent by Cao Cao to reinforce Zhao Yan, who was having trouble with mutineers. | ||
| Lu Gui (Zibo) | 婁圭 (子伯) | |
| Lu Kuei (Tzŭ-po) | 娄圭 (子伯) | |
| Dismissed fears that Liu Cong’s surrender was a trap. | ||
Notes: ‘Lou’ and ‘Lu’ are both accepted ways of writing 婁. |
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| Lü Kuang | 呂曠 | |
| Lü K‘uang | 吕旷 | |
| Served Yuan Shang. Defected to Yuan Tan then Cao Cao. Attacking Liu Bei, killed by Zhao Yun. | ||
| Lü Qian (Zike) | 呂虔 (子恪) | |
| Lü Ch‘ien (Tzŭ-k‘o) | 吕虔 (子恪) | |
| Served Cao Cao, and later Cao Pi, as Military Aide. | ||
| Lü Xiang | 呂翔 | |
| Lü Hsiang | 吕翔 | |
| Younger brother of Lü Kuang, whom he followed everywhere. | ||
Notes: For some reason in To Esablish Peace his name is Gao Xiang |
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| Lu Yu (Zijia) | 盧毓 (子家) | |
| Lu Yü (Tzŭ-chia) | 卢毓 (子家) | |
| Lost his family in civil war, he rose up through the ranks to become an Excellency. | ||
| Ma Ai | 馬艾 | |
| Ma Ai | 马艾 | |
| Held office as Administrator of Dunhuang. | ||
| Ma Jun (Deheng) | 馬鈞 (德衡) | |
| Ma Chün (Tê-hêng) | 马钧 (德衡) | |
| Master of Works for Cao Rui. Advised the Emperor to drink Celestial Elixir. | ||
| Ma Teng (Shoucheng) | 馬騰 (壽成) | |
| Ma T‘êng (Shou-ch‘êng) | 马腾 (寿成) | |
| Governed Xi Liang. Descendant of the famous warrior Ma Yuan. Ma Chao’s father. | ||
| Ma Tie | 馬鐵 | |
| Ma T‘ieh | 马铁 | |
| Killed in a volley of arrows as Cao Cao attacks the Ma’s outside Xu Chang. | ||
| Ma Xiu | 馬休 | |
| Ma Hsiu | 马休 | |
| Second son of Ma Teng. Executed by Cao Cao on his way to Xuchang. | ||
| Ma Yan | 馬延 | |
| Ma Yen | 马延 | |
| Served Yuan Shang, and later Cao Cao. Killed by Gan Ning. | ||
| Ma Zun | 馬遵 | |
| Ma Tsun | 马遵 | |
| Was defeated by Shu and fled to Hu, drives Jiang Wei into Shu by his paranoia. | ||
| Man Chong (Boning) | 滿寵 (伯寧) | |
| Man Ch‘ung (Po-ning) | 满宠 (伯宁) | |
| Served Cao Cao as Military Aide. Helped to repel Shu’s fifth northern campaign. | ||
| Mao Jie (Xiaoxian) | 毛玠 (孝先) | |
| Mao Chieh (Hsiao-hsien) | 毛玠 (孝先) | |
| Served as Military Aide to Cao Cao. Later Staff Supervisor, then Naval Commander. | ||
| Meng Da (Ziqing) | 孟達 (子慶) | |
| Mêng Ta (Tzŭ-ch‘ing) | 孟达 (子庆) | |
| Refused aid to Guan Yu. Defeated by Sima Yi. In novel, kills Xu Huang. | ||
| Meng Jian (Gongwei) | 孟建 (公威) | |
| Mêng Chien (Kungwei) | 孟建 (公威) | |
| Friend of Xu Shu and Zhuge Liang. Joined Wei. Became Inspector of Liang Province. | ||
| Niu Gai | 牛蓋 | |
| Niu Kai | 牛盖 | |
| Helped defeat Mei Cheng and Chen Lan at Heavenly Pillar in 203. | ||
| Niu Jin | 牛金 | |
| Niu Chin | 牛金 | |
| Subordinate of Cao Ren. Attacked Zhou Yu’s camp at Nanjun, but was defeated and rescued by Cao Ren. | ||
| Pang De (Lingming) | 龐德 (令明) | |
| P‘ang Tê (Ling-ming) | 庞德 (令明) | |
| Served Ma Chao, Zhang Lu, then Cao Cao. Fought against Guan Yu at Fan Cheng. | ||
| Pang Hong (Jushi) | 龐宏 (巨師) | |
| P‘ang Hung (Chü-shih) | 庞宏 (巨师) | |
| Brother of Pang Tong. Join Wei with Huang Quan after the Shu army’s defeat by Wu. | ||
| Pang Hui | 龐會 | |
| P‘ang Hui | 庞会 | |
| Pang De’s son. Had Guan Yu’s clan exterminated after Shu’s surrender. | ||
| Pang Lin | 龐林 | |
| P‘ang Lin | 庞林 | |
| Pang Tong’s brother. Fought in Yiling. Surrendered to Wei with Huang Quan. | ||
| Pang Yu (Ziyi) | 龐淯 (子異) | |
| P‘ang Yü (Tzŭ-i) | 庞淯 (子异) | |
| Fillial man, helped avenge grandfather and tried to avenge master. | ||
| Pei Qian (Wenxing) | 裴潛 (文行) | |
| P‘ei Ch‘ien (Wên-hsing) | 裴潜 (文行) | |
| Refused service with Liu Biao, he dealt with the Shanyu without an army. | ||
| Qian Hong | 牽弘 | |
| Ch‘ien Hung | 牵弘 | |
| Served Wei. District Governor of Jincheng before helping Deng Ai’s invasion of Shu. | ||
| Qin Lang (Yuanming) | 秦朗 (元明) | |
| Ch‘in Lang (Yüan-ming) | 秦朗 (元明) | |
| Served under Sima Yi. Killed in a trap set by Zhuge Liang | ||
| Qin Qi | 秦祺 | |
| Ch‘in Ch‘i | 秦祺 | |
| Served Wei under Xiahou Dun. In novel, killed by Guan Yu leaving Cao Cao. | ||
| Qiu Ben | 丘本 | |
| Ch‘iu Pên | 丘本 | |
| Advisor to Deng Ai, calms he down and advises to try and surprise Zhuge Zhan. | ||
| Qiu Jian | 丘建 | |
| Ch‘iu Chien | 丘建 | |
| Commander of Zhong Hui, helped warn Wei forces of Zhong Hui’s revolt. | ||
| Quan Duan | 全端 | |
| Ch‘üan Tuan | 全端 | |
| Defended Shou Chun during Zhuge Dan’s rebellion, but surrendered to Wei. | ||
| Quan Jing | 全静 | |
| Ch‘üan Ching | 全静 | |
| Son of Quan Cong who defected to Wei. | ||
| Quan Yi | 全懌 | |
| Ch‘üan I | 全懌 | |
| Quan Cong’s son. Sent to aid Zhuge Dan’s rebellion, but surrendered to Wei. | ||
| Ren Jun (Boda) | 任峻 (伯達) | |
| Jên Chün (Po-ta) | 任峻 (伯达) | |
| Looked after military stores with Mao Jie. | ||
| Shao Ti (Yuanbo) | 邵悌 (元伯) | |
| Shao T‘i (Yüan-po) | 邵悌 (元伯) | |
| Advisor of Sima Zhao’s. Warned Sima Zhao about trusting Zhong Hui. | ||
| Shen Dan (Yiju) | 申耽 (義舉) | |
| Shên Tan (I-chü) | 申耽 (义举) | |
| Brother of Shen Yi. Governor of Shangyong. Surrendered from Wei to Shu to Wei. | ||
| Shen Rong | 審榮 | |
| Shên Jung | 审荣 | |
| Nephew of Shen Pei. Betrayed Jizhou after the family of his friend, Xin Pi, was executed. | ||
| Shen Yi | 申儀 | |
| Shên I | 申仪 | |
| Brother of Shen Dan. Friend of Meng Da. Surrendered from Wei to Shu then again to Wei. | ||
| Shi Bao (Zhongrong) | 石苞 (仲容) | |
| Shih Pao (Chung-jung) | 石苞 (仲容) | |
| Army Inspector. Later promoted Commander of the Flying Cavalry. | ||
| Shi Huan (Gongliu) | 史渙 (公劉) | |
| Shih Huan (Kungliu) | 史涣 (公刘) | |
| General of Xu Huang, captured messenger which gave them vital information. | ||
| Shi Tao (Guangyuan) | 石韜 (廣元) | |
| Shih T‘ao (Kuang-yüan) | 石韬 (广元) | |
| Old friend of Zhuge Liang. Joined Cao Cao with Xu Shu and worked on agriculture. | ||
| Shi Zuan | 師纂 | |
| Shih Tsuan | 师纂 | |
| Joined Deng Ai’s attack on the Riverlands. Was made Imperial Protector of Yizhou. | ||
| Sima Fu (Shuda) | 司馬孚 (叔達) | |
| Ssŭma Fu (Shu-ta) | 司马孚 (叔达) | |
| Served Wei loyally to the end, weeping over Cao Mao’s corpse and refusing Jin princedom. | ||
| Sima Jin (Huida) | 司馬進 (惠達) | |
| Ssŭma Chin (Hui-ta) | 司马进 (惠达) | |
| 6th son of Sima Fang, he would hold a minor court office under Wei. His son, Ti, would be enfeoffed as a King when Sima Yan took the throne. | ||
| Sima Kui (Jida) | 司馬馗 (季達) | |
| Ssŭma K‘uei (Chi-ta) | 司马馗 (季达) | |
| 4th Son of Sima Fang, he would be a Chancellor of Lu and later awarded a marquisate. | ||
| Sima Lang (Boda) | 司馬朗 (伯達) | |
| Ssŭma Lang (Po-ta) | 司马朗 (伯达) | |
| Humane offical, his governing was popular with the people. | ||
| Sima Ling | 司馬陵 | |
| Ssŭma Ling | 司马陵 | |
| Son of Sima Tong, he was enfeoffed as a King when Sima Yan became Emperor. | ||
| Sima Min (Youda) | 司馬敏 (幼達) | |
| Ssŭma Min (Yu-ta) | 司马敏 (幼达) | |
| Youngest son of Sima Fang, he died young and left no heirs. | ||
| Sima Quan | 司馬權 | |
| Ssŭma Ch‘üan | 司马权 | |
| Son of Sima Kui, he was enfeoffed as a King upon Sima Yan becoming Emperor. | ||
| Sima Shi (Ziyuan) | 司馬師 (子元) | |
| Ssŭma Shih (Tzŭ-yüan) | 司马师 (子元) | |
| Sima Yi’s son. After Yi’s death, held real authority in Wei. Instrumental the rise of Jin. | ||
| Sima Sui | 司馬遂 | |
| Ssŭma Sui | 司马遂 | |
| Son of Sima Xun, he was enfeoffed as a King when Sima Yan became Emperor. | ||
| Sima Ti | 司馬悌 | |
| Ssŭma T‘i | 司马悌 | |
| Son of Sima Jin, he was enfeoffed as a King when Sima Yan became Emperor. | ||
| Sima Tong (Yada) | 司馬同 (雅達) | |
| Ssŭma T‘ung (Ya-ta) | 司马同 (雅达) | |
| 7th son of Sima Fang, he served on the staff of the Director of Retainers and was enfeoffed. | ||
| Sima Wang (Zichu) | 司馬望 (子初) | |
| Ssŭma Wang (Tzŭ-ch‘u) | 司马望 (子初) | |
| Fought Shu with Deng Ai, ambushed and killed Xiahou Ba. | ||
| Sima Xun (Xianda) | 司馬恂 (顯達) | |
| Ssŭma Hsün (Hsien-ta) | 司马恂 (显达) | |
| Son of Sima Fang, was a mid-ranking civil officer under Wei. | ||
| Sima Yan (Anshi) | 司馬炎 (安世) | |
| Ssŭma Yen (An-shih) | 司马炎 (安世) | |
| Installed as the first Emperor of the Jin Dynasty. | ||
Notes: Known formally as Emperor Wu of Jin. |
||
| Sima Yi (Zhongda) | 司馬懿 (仲達) | |
| Ssŭma I (Chung-ta) | 司马懿 (仲达) | |
| A skilled advisor of the Wei kingdom. His efforts laid the foundation of Jin. | ||
Notes: Si Ma, in this case is the double barreled surname, Yi is the given name. |
||
| Sima You (Dayou) | 司馬攸 (大猷) | |
| Ssŭma Yu (Ta-yu) | 司马攸 (大猷) | |
| Second son of Sima Zhao. Known as a kind and warm-natured man. | ||
| Sima Zhao (Zishang) | 司馬昭 (子上) | |
| Ssŭma Chao (Tzŭ-shang) | 司马昭 (子上) | |
| Son of Sima Yi. Father of Sima Yan. Controlled the Wei army after his brother, Shi’s, death. | ||
| Sima Zhi (Zihua) | 司馬芝 (子華) | |
| Ssŭma Chih (Tzŭ-hua) | 司马芝 (子华) | |
| Wei civil officer who served three generations of the Cao family. | ||
| Song Jie | 宋階 | |
| Sung Chieh | 宋阶 | |
| Served Wei. Friend of Cui Yan who died young. | ||
| Song Xian | 宋憲 | |
| Sung Hsien | 宋宪 | |
| Served Lü Bu, but joined Cao Cao after Hou Cheng was punished. Killed by Yan Liang. | ||
| Su Yong | 蘇顒 | |
| Su Yung | 苏顒 | |
| Vanguard commander of Guo Huai (who served Cao Zhen). Killed by Zhao Zilong. | ||
| Su You | 蘇由 | |
| Su Yu | 苏由 | |
| Defended Ji when Yuan Shang went to help his brother against Cao Cao. | ||
| Su Ze (Wenshi) | 蘇則 (文師) | |
| Su Tsê (Wên-shih) | 苏则 (文师) | |
| Considered Wei’s best frontier General, fiercely honest. Died after argument with Cao Pi. | ||
Notes: Called Sun Tse in Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms. |
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| Sun Li (Deda) | 孫禮 (德達) | |
| Sun Li (Tê-ta) | 孙礼 (德达) | |
| Fought against Shu under Sima Yi and Cao Zhen. Became an Excellency. | ||
| Sun Liang (Shiwen) | 孫諒 (士文) | |
| Sun Liang (Shih-wên) | 孙谅 (士文) | |
| Tang Zi | 唐咨 | |
| T‘ang Tzŭ | 唐咨 | |
| Served Wu then surrendered to Wei. Collected ships for Zhong Hui. | ||
| Tian Chou (Zitai) | 田疇 (子泰) | |
| T‘ien Ch‘ou (Tzŭ-t‘-ai) | 田畴 (子泰) | |
| Acted as guide against Wuhuan for Wei, refused reward as he felt he had failed Liu Yu. | ||
| Tian Xu | 田續 | |
| T‘ien Hsü | 田续 | |
| Slew Deng Ai and his son in revenge for Deng Ai nearly executing him. | ||
| Tian Yu (Guorang) | 田豫 (國讓) | |
| T‘ien Yü (Kuo-jang) | 田豫 (国让) | |
| General of Wei under Cao Rui who was dispatched to Xiangyang to counter Wu’s invasion. | ||
Notes: Also referred to erroneously as Tian Du. |
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| Tian Zhang | 田章 | |
| T‘ien Chang | 田章 | |
| Officer of Zhong Hui in Wei’s later days. | ||
| Wan Zheng | 萬政 | |
| Wan Chêng | 万政 | |
| Fictional lieutenant under Guo Huai in AD 228. Defeated and spared by Zhao Yun. | ||
| Wang Can (Zhongxuan) | 王粲 (仲宣) | |
| Wang Ts‘an (Chung-hsüan) | 王粲 (仲宣) | |
| One of the great literary figures of the time. Urged Liu Cong to surrender to Wei. | ||
| Wang Chang (Wenshu) | 王昶 (文舒) | |
| Wang Ch‘ang (Wên-shu) | 王昶 (文舒) | |
| Compiled treatises on government and military matters. Leading general against Wu. | ||
| Wang Guan (Weitai) | 王觀 (偉台) | |
| Wang Kuan (Wei-t‘-ai) | 王观 (伟台) | |
| Came up with a plan to trick Jiang Wei but it failed, died valiantly. | ||
| Wang Han | 王含 | |
| Wang Han | 王含 | |
| Defender of Yuecheng, surrendered on the loss of Hanzhong. | ||
| Wang Hun (Xuanchong) | 王渾 (玄沖) | |
| Wang Hun (Hsüan-ch‘ung) | 王浑 (玄冲) | |
| Warned that Sun Hao’s army was formidable and that they should wait a year. | ||
| Wang Ji (Boxing) | 王基 (伯興) | |
| Wang Chi (Po-hsing) | 王基 (伯兴) | |
| Fought against Wu and Guanqiu Jian, fighting in three duels and advising to win hearts. | ||
| Wang Jing (Yanwei) | 王經 (彥偉) | |
| Wang Ching (Yen-wei) | 王经 (彦伟) | |
| Struggled against Jiang Wei. Supported Cao Mao when Mao tried to remove Sima Zhao. | ||
| Wang Lang (Yingxing) | 王郎 (景興) | |
| Wang Lang (Ying-hsing) | 王郎 (景兴) | |
| Originally the prefect of Huiji, he later joined Wei. Debated with Zhuge Liang. | ||
Notes: Originally called Wang Yan |
||
| Wang Ling (Yanyun) | 王淩 (彥云) | |
| Wang Ling (Yen-yün) | 王凌 (彦云) | |
| Plotted against Sima Yi but plan was leaked and he was forced into suicide. | ||
| Wang Ping (Zijun) | 王平 (子均) | |
| Wang P‘ing (Tzŭ-chün) | 王平 (子均) | |
| Served Wei but later surrendered to Shu. Served in the northern campaigns. | ||
Notes: Also known as He Ping (何平). |
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| Wang Qi (Kongshi) | 王頎 (孔碩) | |
| Wang Ch‘i (K‘ung-shih) | 王颀 (孔硕) | |
| Served Wei. District Governor of Tian Shui before helping Deng Ai’s invasion of Shu. | ||
Notes: Shi 碩 in Kongshi can also be translated as Shuo. |
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| Wang Shen (Chudao) | 王沈 (處道) | |
| Wang Shên (Ch‘u-tao) | 王沈 (处道) | |
| Compiled Wei-shu, the offical history of Wei. In the novel, betrays Cao Mao. | ||
Notes: 沈 can also be pronounced Chen, and his name is sometimes translated as such. |
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| Wang Shuang (Ziquan) | 王雙 (子全) | |
| Wang Shuang (Tzŭ-ch‘üan) | 王双 (子全) | |
| Served Cao Rui. Defeated Zhang Ni, and was later killed by Wei Yan. | ||
| Wang Su (Ziyong) | 王肅 (子雍) | |
| Wang Su (Tzŭ-yung) | 王肃 (子雍) | |
| The son of Wang Lang. Aided the Sima’s in creating Jin. Father of Sima Zhao’s wife. | ||
| Wang Tao | 王韜 | |
| Wang T‘ao | 王韬 | |
| Civil officer, advised Sima Zhao to pray to the fountain so he could feed the troops. | ||
| Wang Xiang (Xiuzheng) | 王祥 (休徵) | |
| Wang Hsiang (Hsiu-chêng) | 王祥 (休徵) | |
| Convinced Sima Zhao to name Sima Yan heir, along with Jia Chong, Pei Xiu and others. | ||
| Wang Xiu (Shuzhi) | 王修 (叔治) | |
| Wang Hsiu (Shu-chih) | 王修 (叔治) | |
| Served Yuan Tan loyally. Joined Cao Cao after Yuan Tan’s death in AD 205. | ||
| Wang Zhong | 王忠 | |
| Wang Chung | 王忠 | |
| Failed against Liu Bei. Once forced to eat human flesh, Cao Pi made a joke of it. | ||
| Wei Guan (Boyu) | 衛瓘 (伯玉) | |
| Wei Kuan (Po-yü) | 卫瓘 (伯玉) | |
| Sent to keep an eye on Zhong Hui and Deng Ai, he played a part in the death of both. | ||
| Wei Huang (Dewei) | 韋晃 | |
| Wei Huang (Tê-wei) | 韦晃 | |
| Han loyalist. Participated in a coup with Geng Ji and Jin Yi. Captured by Xiahou Dun. | ||
| Wei Ji (Boru) | 衛覬 (伯儒) | |
| Wei Chi (Po-ju) | 卫觊 (伯儒) | |
| A scholarly man. Advised settling the likes of Han Sui, against excess, proposed legal reforms. | ||
| Wei Kai | 衛凱 | |
| Wei K‘ai | 卫凯 | |
| Rebelled with Hou Yin but Cao Ren defeated and executed them. | ||
| Wei Xu | 魏續 | |
| Wei Hsü | 魏续 | |
| At first an officer of Lü Bu, he later joined Cao Cao. Killed by Yan Liang. | ||
| Wei Zhen (Gongzhen) | 衛臻 (公振) | |
| Wei Chên (Kung-chên) | 卫臻 (公振) | |
| Served as messenger between Xian and Cao Cao, reminded Cao Pi of the Han’s achievements. | ||
Notes: Called Wei Chen in ZZTJ. |
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| Wei Zi (Zixu) | 衛茲 | |
| Wei Tzŭ (Tzŭ-hsü) | 卫兹 | |
| Constantly refused appointment till he met Cao Cao. Gave away property to help raise troops. | ||
| Wen Hu | 文虎 | |
| Wên Hu | 文虎 | |
| Son of Wen Qin and brother of Wen Yang. Followed his brother everywhere. | ||
| Wen Hui (Manji) | 溫恢 (曼基) | |
| Wên Hui (Man-chi) | 温恢 (曼基) | |
| Warned that the Wu front was secure but that Cao Ren might have problems against Guan Yu. | ||
| Wen Pin (Zhongye) | 文聘 (仲業) | |
| Wên P‘in (Chung-yeh) | 文聘 (仲业) | |
| After Liu Cong’s surrender he secluded himself in shame. Later served Cao Cao | ||
Notes: Real name Wen Ping |
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| Wen Qin (Zhongruo) | 文欽 (仲若) | |
| Wên Ch‘in (Chung-jo) | 文钦 (仲若) | |
| Lieutenant Governor of Yang. Rebelled against Sima Shi with Guanqiu Jian. | ||
| Wen Sheng | 温生 | |
| Wen Sheng | 温生 | |
| Made Marquis Within the Passes following his father Wen Hui’s death. The line was extinguished after his own early death. | ||
| Wen Yang | 文鴦 | |
| Wên Yang | 文鸯 | |
| Wen Qin’s son. Fought Sima Shi’s army. Later pledged loyalty to Zhuge Dan. | ||
Notes: Originally named Wen Chu (文俶). |
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| Wu Zhi (Jizhong) | 吳質 (季重) | |
| Wu Chih (Chi-chung) | 吴质 (季重) | |
| Helped Cao Pi become heir, used his wits to avoid disaster in the silk hamper affair. | ||
| Xi Zhicai | 戲志才 | |
| Hsi Chihts‘ai | 戏志才 | |
| Recommended by Xun Yu, Xi Zhicai became a valuable officer to Cao Cao. | ||
| Xiahou Ba (Zhongquan) | 夏侯霸 (仲權) | |
| Hsiahou Pa (Chung-ch‘üan) | 夏侯霸 (仲权) | |
| Xiahou Yuan’s son. Originally served Wei, betrayed to Shu. Attacked Didao with Jiang Wei. | ||
| Xiahou De | 夏侯德 | |
| Hsiahou Tê | 夏侯德 | |
| Dismissed Huang Zhong for seeking battle. Slain by Yan Yan at Tiandang mountain. | ||
| Xiahou Dun (Yuanrang) | 夏侯惇 (元讓) | |
| Hsiahou Tun (Yüan-jang) | 夏侯惇 (元让) | |
| One of Cao Cao’s original officers, with civil and military talent. Lost an eye in battle. | ||
Notes: Xia Hou is the double barreled surname, Dun is the given name in this instance. |
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| Xiahou En | 夏侯恩 | |
| Hsiahou ên | 夏侯恩 | |
| Carried Cao Cao’s Blue Blade. Cut down by Zhao Yun at Dangyang as he plundered. | ||
| Xiahou He (Yiquan) | 夏侯和 (義權) | |
| Hsiahou Ho (I-ch‘üan) | 夏侯和 (义权) | |
| Fourth son of Xiahou Yuan. Fought well against Shu’s Zhuge Liang. | ||
| Xiahou Hui (Zhiquan) | 夏侯惠 (稚權) | |
| Hsiahou Hui (Chih-ch‘üan) | 夏侯惠 (稚权) | |
| Third son of Xiahou Yuan. Fought alongside his brother He on the front lines. | ||
| Xiahou Mao (Zixiu) | 夏侯楙 (子休) | |
| Hsiahou Mao (Tzŭ-hsiu) | 夏侯楙 (子休) | |
| Friend of Cao Pi, not very good at tactics and enjoyed an easy life. Slandered by family. | ||
| Xiahou Shang (Boren) | 夏侯尚 (伯仁) | |
| Hsiahou Shang (Po-jên) | 夏侯尚 (伯仁) | |
| Captured at Mt. Dingjun, but traded for Chen Shi. Defended against Wu. | ||
| Xiahou Wei (Jiquan) | 夏侯威 (季權) | |
| Hsiahou Wei (Chi-ch‘üan) | 夏侯威 (季权) | |
| Campaigned against both Shu and Gongsun Yuan. Recognised Yang Hu’s talent. | ||
| Xiahou Xian | 夏侯咸 | |
| Hsiahou Hsien | 夏侯咸 | |
| General who assisted Zhong Hui in taking Shu. One of Cao Shuang’s co regents. | ||
| Xiahou Xuan (Taichu) | 夏侯玄 (太初) | |
| Hsiahou Hsüan (T‘-ai-ch‘u) | 夏侯玄 (太初) | |
| Served Cao Fang. Killed by Sima Shi for plotting against him with Li Fang and Zhang Qi. | ||
| Xiahou Yuan (Miaocai) | 夏侯淵 (妙才) | |
| Hsiahou Yüan (Miao-ts‘ai) | 夏侯渊 (妙才) | |
| Xiahou Dun’s brother. Famed for his attacks against the western barbarians. | ||
Notes: Xia Hou is the double barreled surname, Yuan is the given name in this instance. |
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| Xin Chang (Taiyong) | 辛敞 (泰雍) | |
| Hsin Ch‘ang (T‘-ai-yung) | 辛敞 (泰雍) | |
| An follower of Cao Shuang, his sister warned him to stay loyal. | ||
| Xin Pi (Zuozhi) | 辛毗 (佐治) | |
| Hsin P‘i (Tso-chih) | 辛毗 (佐治) | |
| Sent as envoy to Cao Cao but instead urged Cao Cao to attack the Yuan’s. Hugged by Cao Pi. | ||
| Xin Xianying | 辛憲英 | |
| Hsin Hsienying | 辛宪英 | |
| Advised him to go to Cao Shuang’s camp, saving his life. Advised Xin Pi and others. | ||
| Xu Chu (Zhongkang) | 許褚 (仲康) | |
| Hsü Ch‘u (Chung-k‘-ang) | 许褚 (仲康) | |
| One of Cao Cao’s trusted guards and a commander. Leader of the Tiger Guard. | ||
Notes: His name is frequently written ‘Xu Zhu’, but this is incorrect. His nickname, 虎痴 (Hu3 Chi1), has been translated as Marquis Tiger, Crazy Tiger, Mad Tiger, and other variations. He also appears once in the Brewitt-Taylor translation by the nickname Tiger Lust. |
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| Xu Huang (Gongming) | 徐晃 (公明) | |
| Hsü Huang (Kung-ming) | 徐晃 (公明) | |
| Served Cao Cao. Famous for breaking the siege of Fancheng against Guan Yu. | ||
| Xu Miao (Jingshan) | 徐邈 (景山) | |
| Hsü Miao (Ching-shan) | 徐邈 (景山) | |
| Dismissed for drinking privatly, a succesful governor noted for finen morality. | ||
| Xu Qiu (Mengyu) | 徐璆 (孟玉) | |
| Hsü Ch‘iu (Mêng-yü) | 徐璆 (孟玉) | |
| A scholarly man of utmost honesty, he refused to serve Yuan Shu and returned the imperial seal. | ||
Notes: Also Xu Jiu. Styled Mengyu (孟玉), Mengben (孟本), or Mengping (孟平). Sometimes found as Xu Liu. |
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| Xu Shu (Yuanzhi) | 徐庶 (元直) | |
| Hsü Shu (Yüan-chih) | 徐庶 (元直) | |
| One of Sima Hui’s students. Served Liu Bei, then later, through trickery, Cao Cao. | ||
Notes: Also went by the name Shan Fu (單福). |
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| Xu Xuan (Baojian) | 徐宣 (寶堅) | |
| Hsü Hsüan (Pao-chien) | 徐宣 (宝坚) | |
| Refused Sun Ce, handled all state affairs for Cao Rui. Held a number of posts | ||
| Xu Yi | 許儀 | |
| Hsü I | 许仪 | |
| Led the attack on Nanzheng, but was defeated by Shu’s Lu Xun. Executed by Zhong Hui. | ||
| Xu Yi (Jicai) | 徐奕 (季才) | |
| Hsü I (Chi-ts‘ai) | 徐奕 (季才) | |
| Slandered by Ding Yi but Huan Jie called him a man of loyalty. Took part against Ma Chao. | ||
| Xu You (Ziyuan) | 許攸 (子遠) | |
| Hsü Yu (Tzŭ-yüan) | 许攸 (子远) | |
| Childhood friend of Cao Cao. Betrayed Yuan Shao to Cao, but was killed by Xu Chu. | ||
| Xu Zhi | 徐質 | |
| Hsü Chih | 徐质 | |
| Minister of Wei. Reccomended Guan Lu to Cao Cao. Later convinced Cao Pi to take the throne. | ||
| Xun Gun | 荀緄 | |
| Hsün Kun | 荀绲 | |
| Served Yuan Shao then Cao. Son of Xun Shu, father of Xun Yu. One of the ‘Eight Dragons’. | ||
| Xun Jian | 荀儉 | |
| Hsün Chien | 荀俭 | |
| Son of Xun Shu, uncle to Xun Yu, one of the ‘Eight Dragons’ | ||
| Xun Jing (Shuci) | 荀靖 (叔慈) | |
| Hsün Ching (Shu-tz‘ŭ) | 荀靖 (叔慈) | |
| Son of Xun Shu, uncle to Xun Yu, one of the ‘Eight Dragons’ | ||
| Xun Kai | 荀愷 | |
| Hsün K‘ai | 荀恺 | |
| Saved Zhong Hui at Nanzheng by shooting Lu Xun. Popular with the Sima’s. | ||
| Xun Shen | 荀詵 | |
| Hsün Shên | 荀诜 | |
| Son of Xun Shu, uncle to Xun Yu, one of the ‘Eight Dragons’ | ||
| Xun Shu (Jihe) | 荀淑 (季和) | |
| Hsün Shu (Chi-ho) | 荀淑 (季和) | |
| Grandfather of Xun Yu. | ||
| Xun Su | 荀肅 | |
| Hsün Su | 荀肃 | |
| Son of Xun Shu, uncle to Xun Yu, one of the ‘Eight Dragons’ | ||
| Xun Tao | 荀燾 | |
| Hsün T‘ao | 荀焘 | |
| Son of Xun Shu, uncle to Xun Yu, one of the ‘Eight Dragons’ | ||
| Xun Yan (Xiuruo) | 荀衍 (休若) | |
| Hsün Yen (Hsiu-jo) | 荀衍 (休若) | |
| Brother of Xun Yu, he defeated Gao Gan’s surprise attack. | ||
| Xun Yi (Jingqian) | 荀顗 (景倩) | |
| Hsün I (Ching-ch‘ien) | 荀顗 (景倩) | |
| Was sent by Sima Zhao to fetch Chen Tai after Cao Mao’s death. Senior minister. | ||
| Xun You (Gongda) | 荀攸 (公達) | |
| Hsün Yu (Kung-ta) | 荀攸 (公达) | |
| Advisor of Cao Cao. Xun Yu’s cousin. Died grieving Cao Cao’s interest in being Duke. | ||
Notes: His name is pronounced differently from Xun Yu’s. |
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| Xun Yu (Wenruo) | 荀彧 (文若) | |
| Hsün Yü (Wên-jo) | 荀彧 (文若) | |
| Cousin of Xun You, a very talented advisor under Cao Cao. Commited suicide. | ||
Notes: The reason we have Xun Yu and Xun “You” is because, though the sounds are the same (both Yu), they’re pronounced Yu4 and Yu1, the You idea, I suppose, comes in for foreign readers who cannot see the tones. |
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| Xun Zhuan | 荀專 | |
| Hsün Chuan | 荀专 | |
| Son of Xun Shu, uncle to Xun Yu, one of the ‘Eight Dragons’ | ||
| Yan Pu | 閻圃 | |
| Yen P‘u | 阎圃 | |
| Advised Zhang Lu on the defence against Cao Cao, stopped Lu becoming King. | ||
Notes: Also called Yan Fu. |
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| Yan Rou | 閻柔 | |
| Yen Jou | 阎柔 | |
| Lived among the tribes as a child. Campaigned with Cao Cao against the Wuwan. | ||
| Yan Wen (Bojian) | 閻溫 (伯儉) | |
| Yen Wên (Po-chien) | 阎温 (伯俭) | |
| Captured by Ma Chao, when dragged before the walls, he urged the defenders to fight on. | ||
| Yang Dao | 羊衟 | |
| Yang Tao | 羊道 | |
| Helped Cai Yong escape the eunuchs and find safety in the south-east. | ||
| Yang Fu (Yishan) | 楊阜 (義山) | |
| Yang Fu (I-shan) | 杨阜 (义山) | |
| Helped defeat Ma Chao. Criticized Cao Rui’s extravagance in clothing, buildings and woman. | ||
| Yang Ji | 楊稷 | |
| Yang Chi | 杨稷 | |
| Close offical of Cao Rui, respected Liu Ye. Opposed camapign against Shu. | ||
| Yang Jun (Jicai) | 楊俊 (季才) | |
| Yang Chün (Chi-ts‘ai) | 杨俊 (季才) | |
| A widely admired offical, he established schools in area’s he governed and helped bring talent to Wei. | ||
| Yang Wei (Shiying) | 楊偉 (世英) | |
| Yang Wei (Shih-ying) | 杨伟 (世英) | |
| Military advisor to Cao Shuang. During Cao Shuang’s campaign in 244, he urged retreat, warning that the army would suffer a huge defeat otherwise. | ||
| Yang Xin | 楊欣 | |
| Yang Hsin | 杨欣 | |
| Served Wei. District Governor of Jincheng before helping Deng Ai’s invasion of Shu. | ||
| Yang Xiu (Dezu) | 楊修 (德祖) | |
| Yang Hsiu (Tê-tsu) | 杨修 (德祖) | |
| A talented scholar and friend of Cao Zhi, helped Zhi cheat Cao Cao’s tests. | ||
| Yang Yi (Weigong) | 楊儀 (威公) | |
| Yang I (Wei-kung) | 杨仪 (威公) | |
| Opposed old enemy Wei Yan. Later later stripped of rank for dissensitoius words. | ||
| Yang Zuo | 楊祚 | |
| Yang Tso | 杨祚 | |
| Goes with Bei Yan and makes strong camp, suggests waiting for Sima Yi to retreat. | ||
| Yin Damu | 尹大目 | |
| Yin Tamu | 尹大目 | |
| Tried to stop Wen Qin during Guanqiu Jian’s rebellion, but failed. | ||
| Yin Li [Lu’er] [Black Boy] | 尹禮[盧兒] | |
| Yin Li [Lu’êrh] | 尹礼[卢儿] | |
| A bandit leader, he later helped Zang Ba against the Yuan’s. Called Black Boy. | ||
Notes: Lu’er, which translates to ‘Black Boy’, was his nickname. |
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| Yin Shang | 尹賞 | |
| Yin Shang | 尹赏 | |
| Friend of Jiang Wei in Tianshui. Surrendered Tianshui to Shu, made Prefect of Jicheng. | ||
| Yu Jin (Wenze) | 于禁 (文則) | |
| Yü Chin (Wên-tsê) | 于禁 (文则) | |
| Served Cao Cao. Surrendered to Guan Yu. Shamed by Cao Pi into suicide. | ||
| Yuan Huan (Yaoqing) | 袁渙 (曜卿) | |
| Yüan Huan (Yao-ch‘ing) | 袁涣 (曜卿) | |
| A man of courtesy, generosity and restraint, he refused to rebuke Liu Bei. | ||
| Yuan Pang | 袁滂 | |
| Yüan P‘ang | 袁滂 | |
| Father of Yuan Huan, who served Wei. | ||
| Yuan Shao | 爰邵 | |
| Yüan Shao | 爰邵 | |
| Guard of Deng Ai. Versed in the Book of Changes, he predicts Deng Ai’s success and fall. | ||
Notes: Called Shao Yuan in some translations. Dispite the fact that they are different Han Zi, Yuan Shao of Wei’s name is pronounced exactly the same as the more commonly known Yuan2 Shao4 [Benchu] |
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| Yue Chen | 樂綝 | |
| Yüeh Ch‘ên | 乐綝 | |
| Served Wei. Son of Yue Jin. Campaigned against Shu with Cao Zhen. Executed by Zhuge Dan. | ||
Notes: Mistranslated as ‘Yue Shen’ in some Koei games, and on rare occasion referenced as ‘Yue Lin’. |
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| Yue Jin (Wenqian) | 樂進 (文謙) | |
| Yüeh Chin (Wên-ch‘ien) | 乐进 (文谦) | |
| Served Cao Cao from the beginning. Shot from his horse by Gan Ning. | ||
Notes: His name is incorrectly translated as Yue Jing’ in some Brewitt-Taylor editions. Yue Jin is also sometimes translated as Le Jin (and in Destiny of an Emperor they somehow botched it up further to Le Xin). |
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| Zang Ba (Xuangao) | 臧霸 (宣高) | |
| Tsang Pa (Hsüan-kao) | 臧霸 (宣高) | |
| Originally served Tao Qian, then Lü Bu. Later joined Cao Cao. | ||
| Zhan Qian (Yanhuang) | 棧潛 (彥皇) | |
| Chan Ch‘ien (Yen-huang) | 栈潜 (彦皇) | |
| Opposed Cao Pi’s love of hunting and marriage of love to Empress Guo. | ||
| Zhang Cheng (Gongxian) | 張承 (公先) | |
| Chang Ch‘êng (Kung-hsien) | 张承 (公先) | |
| Warned Yuan Shu about declaring himself Son of Heaven, served in many ranks. | ||
| Zhang Chuan | 張泉 | |
| Chang Ch‘uan | 张泉 | |
| Took part in Wei Feng’s conspiracy and executed when it failed. | ||
Notes: Rafe calls him Zhang Quan |
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| Zhang Chunhua | 張春華 | |
| Chang Ch‘unhua | 张春华 | |
| Wife of Sima Yi, she killed their only maid to protect her husband. | ||
| Zhang Fan | 張汎 | |
| Chang Fan | 张泛 | |
| Enfeoffed as marquis by Cao Pi in honour of Zhang Liao’s achievements. | ||
| Zhang Fan (Gongyi) | 張範 (公儀) | |
| Chang Fan (Kung-i) | 张范 (公仪) | |
| His generosity got family members returned by bandits, he was a frugal man. | ||
| Zhang Gong | 張恭 | |
| Chang Kung | 张恭 | |
| Refused to work with tribes despite his son being held hostage. | ||
| Zhang He (Junyi) | 張郃 (儁乂) | |
| Chang Ho (Chün-i) | 张郃 (儁乂) | |
| Originally under Yuan Shao, defected to Wei. Died battling Zhuge Liang. | ||
Notes: Apparently, Zhang He is misspelled ‘Zhang Yue’ in Romance of the Three Kingdoms XI. |
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| Zhang Hong (Zigang) | 張紘 (子綱) | |
| Chang Hung (Tzŭ-kang) | 张紘 (子纲) | |
| Minister who served Wu. Suggested changing the capital to Sun Quan. | ||
| Zhang Hu | 張虎 | |
| Chang Hu | 张虎 | |
| Served in northern Campaigns along with Yue Chen. | ||
| Zhang Ji (Derong) | 張既 (德容) | |
| Chang Chi (Tê-jung) | 张既 (德容) | |
| Persuaded Ma Teng to help Cao Cao, he was a major part in the pacification of Liang. | ||
| Zhang Jian (Yuanjie) | 張儉 (元節) | |
| Chang Chien (Yüan-chieh) | 张俭 (元节) | |
| Much admired, thousands of people died helping him flee. Aware of Cao Cao’s ambitions. | ||
| Zhang Jie | 張節 | |
| Chang Chieh | 张节 | |
| Minister of Wei who was executed by Sima Yan when he usurped the throne. | ||
| Zhang Jin | 張進 | |
| Chang Chin | 张进 | |
| Led a failed rebellion against Wei in AD 220. | ||
| Zhang Jin (Ziyun) | 張津 (子雲) | |
| Chang Chin (Tzŭ-yün) | 张津 (子云) | |
| Practised magic, sent to oppose Liu Biao, he was killed by his officer Ou Jing. | ||
| Zhang Jiu | 張就 | |
| Chang Chiu | 张就 | |
| Kidnapped by rebels in AD 220. He bravely held out until reinforcements came. | ||
| Zhang Liao (Wenyuan) | 張遼 (文遠) | |
| Chang Liao (Wên-yüan) | 张辽 (文远) | |
| Served in Wei after Cao Cao defeated Lü Bu. Close friend of Guan Yu. | ||
| Zhang Lu (Gongqi) | 張魯 (公祺) | |
| Chang Lu (Kung-ch‘i) | 张鲁 (公祺) | |
| Controller of Hanzhong before surrendering to Cao Cao in 215. | ||
| Zhang Miao (Mengzhuo) | 張邈 (孟卓) | |
| Chang Miao (Mêng-cho) | 张邈 (孟卓) | |
| Friend of Yuan Shao and Cao Cao, rebelled against Cao Cao. Killed by his own men later on. | ||
| Zhang Nan | 張南 | |
| Chang Nan | 张南 | |
| Claimed ability on the waters, but was just a braggart. Killed by Zhou Tai | ||
Notes: Incorrectly translated ‘Zhang Neng’ in some Brewitt-Taylor editions. |
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| Zhang Pu | 張普 | |
| Chang P‘u | 张普 | |
| Served under Cao Xiu. Defeated by Xu Sheng, killed by Zhu Huan. | ||
| Zhang Qi (Jingzhong) | 張緝 (敬仲) | |
| Chang Ch‘i (Ching-chung) | 张缉 (敬仲) | |
| Executed by Sima Shi for plotting to remove Shi with Cao Fang. Predicted Zhuge Ke would die. | ||
| Zhang Qiao | 張喬 | |
| Chang Ch‘iao | 张乔 | |
| Wei general who dealt a heavy defeat to Wu’s troops under Zhang Ti. | ||
| Zhang Qiu | 張球 | |
| Chang Ch‘iu | 张球 | |
| Served Cao Rui, sent to set a fire trap against Wu, burning many ships. | ||
| Zhang Shao | 張紹 | |
| Chang Shao | 张绍 | |
| Surrendered to Wei after Shu’s collapse. | ||
| Zhang Te (Zichan) | 張特 (子產) | |
| Chang T‘o (Tzŭ-ch‘an) | 张特 (子产) | |
| Commanded the defence of Xincheng when it was under attack by Zhuge Ke. | ||
| Zhang Xiu | 張繡 | |
| Chang Hsiu | 张绣 | |
| He fought Cao Cao after he took Zhang Ji’s widow as a wife. Served Wei with distinction. | ||
| Zhang Yan (Zijie) | 張儼 (子節) | |
| Chang Yen (Tzŭ-chieh) | 张俨 (子节) | |
| Leader of the Black Mountain Bandits. Tried but failed to aid Gongsun Zan. | ||
Notes: Many Black Mountain Bandits had nicknames. Zhang Yan‘s was ’Flying Swallow Zan.’ |
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| Zhang Yi | 張顗 | |
| Chang I | 张顗 | |
| Killed by Gan Ning as he cleared the road ahead for Cao Cao. Historically not at Chi Bi. | ||
Notes: His name is presented as ‘Zhang Zi’ in some Brewitt-Taylor editions. |
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| Zhang Yun | 張允 | |
| Chang Yün | 张允 | |
| Surrendered to Cao Cao with Cai Mao. Served as Cao’s Vice Admiral at Chibi. | ||
| Zhao Fan | 趙範 | |
| Chao Fan | 赵范 | |
| Offered his sister-in-law to Zhao Yun, who refused as Yun doubted Fan’s loyalty. | ||
| Zheng Chong (Wenhe) | 鄭沖 | |
| Chêng Ch‘ung (Wên-ho) | 郑冲 | |
| Devoted to scholarship, first served under Cao Pi, became Grand Tutor to Sima Yan. | ||
| Zheng Hun (Wengong) | 鄭渾 (文公) | |
| Chêng Hun | 郑浑 (文公) | |
| Encouraged parents not to abandon infants, isolated and defeated Liang Xing. | ||
| Zheng Wen | 鄭文 | |
| Chêng Wên | 郑文 | |
| Officer under Sima Yi. Falsesly surrendered to Kongming. Executed by Kongming. | ||
Notes: Commonly listed as Deng Wen 邓文. Confusion may be the cause: zheng4 鄭/郑 vs deng4 鄧/邓. |
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| Zheng Xuan (Kangcheng) | 鄭玄 (康成) | |
| Chêng Hsüan (K‘-ang-ch‘êng) | 郑玄 (康成) | |
| Loved wine, a leading scholar of his day but hated court life. Had many students. | ||
| Zhong Hui (Shiji) | 鍾會 (士季) | |
| Chung Hui (Shih-chi) | 锺会 (士季) | |
| Son of Zhong Yao. Plotted with Jiang Wei to rebel against Sima Zhao, but failed and executed. | ||
| Zhong Yao (Yuanchang) | 鍾繇 (元常) | |
| Chung Yao (Yüan-ch‘ang) | 钟繇 (元常) | |
| Famous calligrapher. Stirred up quarrel between Han Sui and Ma Teng, close to Cao Pi. | ||
| Zhong Yu (Zhishu) | 鍾毓 (稚叔) | |
| Chung Yü (Chih-shu) | 钟毓 (稚叔) | |
| Taken to court, sweated a lot out of nerves. | ||
| Zhou Tai | 州泰 | |
| Chou T‘ai | 州泰 | |
| Wei governor in Yue territory. Helped to secure victory against Zhuge Dan. | ||
| Zhou Xin (Daming) | 周昕 (大明) | |
| Chou Hsin (Ta-ming) | 周昕 (大明) | |
| Well read, he resigned his position rather then have Yuan Shu to harm his people. | ||
| Zhou Xuan (Konghe) | 周宣 (孔和) | |
| Chou Hsüan (K‘ung-ho) | 周宣 (孔和) | |
| Interpretor of dreams, right nine times out of ten. Warned about female rebels. | ||
| Zhu Ling (Wenbo) | 朱靈 (文博) | |
| Chu Ling (Wên-po) | 朱灵 (文博) | |
| Said to be disliked by Cao Cao, his reputation was equal that of Xu Huang’s. | ||
| Zhu Zan | 朱讚 | |
| Chu Tsan | 朱讚 | |
| Officer of Cao Zhen, sent to raid the Shu camp but failed. Killed by Zhao Yun. | ||
| Zhuge Dan (Gongxiu) | 諸葛誕 (公休) | |
| Chuko Tan (Kung-hsiu) | 诸葛诞 (公休) | |
| Zhuge Liang’s cousin. Tried to rebel against Sima Zhao, but was executed. | ||
| Zhuge Xu | 諸葛緒 | |
| Chuko Hsü | 诸葛绪 | |
| Imperial Inspector of Yongzhou before helping Deng Ai’s invasion of Shu. | ||
| Zuo Ci (Yuanfang) | 左慈 (元放) | |
| Tso Tz‘ŭ (Yüan-fang) | 左慈 (元放) | |
| Taoist named ‘Master Black Horn’. Trained in the occult at Emei Mountain. | ||
Notes: Rafe de Crespigny calls him Zuo Ce. |
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Copyright © 2001–2010 James Peirce