Three Kingdoms Officer Names: Non-Fictional Officer Category
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Non-Fictional Officer Category: officer names from the Three Kingdoms officer name English–Chinese reference tool. Cross-reference given (xìng), personal (míng) and style (zì), given (xìng) and personal (míng) names in Pinyin, Wade-Giles, and traditional Chinese (both in Hanzi and decimal-encoded form for non-Unicode websites and forums).
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Name (family, given), style, Wade-Giles, tones, traditional and simplified Chinese.
| Officer Name (Wade-Giles) |
Traditional, Simplified |
Traditional Chinese, Simplified Chinese |
|---|---|---|
| Agui | 阿貴 | |
| Akuei | 阿贵 | |
| In 213, joined with ally Qianwan and Ma Chao. Defeated and killed by Xiahou Yuan. | ||
| Ba Zhi (Jingzu) | 巴祇 (敬祖) | |
| Pa Chih (Ching-tsu) | 巴只 (敬祖) | |
| An Inspector of Xu who held command against the Yellow Turbans, and reported on the excellent conduct of Zhao Yu. | ||
| Bai Qi | 白起 | |
| Pai Ch‘i | 白起 | |
| General of Qin, rumored to have been undefeated. Conquered the state of Chu. | ||
| Bao Chu (Wencai) | 鮑出 (文才) | |
| Pao Ch‘u (Wên-ts‘ai) | 鲍出 (文才) | |
| Saved his mother and sister-in-law from bandits. Invited to office for his actions, but he refused. | ||
| Bao Hong | 鮑鴻/洪 | |
| Pao Hung | 鲍鸿/洪 | |
| A colonel in the northern army who would later be reported embezzling local funds. | ||
| Bao Rong | 鮑融 | |
| Pao Jung | 鲍融 | |
| Son of Bao Shao, to whom the inheritance went after Bao Shao’s death. | ||
| Bao Shao | 鮑邵 | |
| Pao Shao | 鲍邵 | |
| Enfeoffed in memory of the loyalty of his father Bao Xin. | ||
| Bao Tao | 鮑韜 | |
| Pao T’ao | 鲍韬 | |
| Younger brother of Bao Xin who accompanied him against Dong Zhuo. Died in battle. | ||
| Bao Xin | 鮑信 | |
| Pao Hsin | 鲍信 | |
| Urged Yuan Shao to attack Dong, invited Cao Cao to govern Yan. Died fighting Turbans. | ||
| Bao Xun (Shuye) | 鮑勛 (叔業) | |
| Pao Hsün (Shu-yeh) | 鲍勋 (叔业) | |
| Strict morality meant Xun had conflicts with Cao Pi, was eventually executed. | ||
| Bei Dou | 北斗 | |
| Pei Tou | 北斗 | |
| God in Koei’s Three Kingdoms. Reference to Star God/Lunar House Beidou (in Big Dipper). | ||
| Bei Yan | 卑衍 | |
| Pei Yen | 卑衍 | |
| Served Gongsun Yuan. Defeated by Sima Yi. In novel, fell in a duel against Xiahou Ba. | ||
| Bei Yu | 貝羽 | |
| Pei Yü | 贝羽 | |
| A county magistrate in Nan. Independent in AD 190, later submitted to Liu Biao. | ||
| Beigong Boyu | 北宮伯玉 | |
| Peikung Poyü | 北宮伯玉 | |
| Lead mutiny of troops then Qiang revolt. Huangfu Song and Zhang Wen failed to put him down. | ||
| Bi Chen | 畢諶 | |
| Pi Ch‘ên | 毕谌 | |
| Aide to Cao Cao, his family was captured and he left only to be captured later. | ||
Notes: Also called Bi Cheng in the SGZ. |
||
| Bi Gui (Zhaoxian) | 畢軌 (昭先) | |
| Pi Kuei (Chao-hsien) | 毕轨 (昭先) | |
| Officer of Cao Shuang’s faction, executed by Sima Yi after Sima Yi’s coup. | ||
| Bi Lan | 畢嵐 | |
| Pi Lan | 毕岚 | |
| One of the 12 Regular Attendants who was known for his engineering achievements. | ||
| Bi Yu | 畢瑜 | |
| Pi Yü | 毕瑜 | |
| Sent with seal to Liu Yu who rejected the appointment and may have executed Bi Yu. | ||
| Bian Bing | 卞秉 | |
| Pien Ping | 卞秉 | |
| Served Wei. Brother of Empress Bian. | ||
| Bian He | 卞和 | |
| Pien Ho | 卞和 | |
| Historically, a statesman of Chu. Discovered the jade from which the imperial seal was crafted. | ||
| Bian Hong | 邊鴻 | |
| Pien Hung | 边鸿 | |
| Part of Sun Yi’s escort, he assassinated his master after dusk. Executed by his co-conspirators. | ||
| Bian Lan | 卞蘭 | |
| Pien Lan | 卞蘭 | |
| Close to both Cao Pi and Cao Rui, an honest advisor. Suffered from diabetes. | ||
| Bian Rang (Wenli) | 邊讓 (文禮) | |
| Pien Jang (Wên-li) | 边让 (文礼) | |
| Governor of Jiujiang. Killed by Xiahou Dun reinforcing Tao Qian against Cao Cao. | ||
| Bian Yuan | 卞遠 | |
| Pien Yüan | 卞远 | |
| Father of Empress Bian. Posthumously enfeoffed as marquis. | ||
| Bian Zhang | 邊章 | |
| Pien Chang | 边章 | |
| Forced into leading the Qiang’s in revolt against the Han alongside Han Sui. | ||
Notes: Originally named Bian Yuan (元). |
||
| ? Bing | ?昺 | |
| ? Ping | ?昺 | |
| General who took part in a stele about Cao Pi’s rise to the Imperial Throne. | ||
| Bing Liang (Wenluan) | 邴良 (文鸞) | |
| Ping Liang (Wên-luan) | 邴良 (文鸾) | |
| Son of Bing Zhi, he served under Sun Ce. | ||
| Bing Xuan (Wenbiao) | 邴玄 (文表) | |
| Ping Hsüan (Wên-piao) | 邴玄 (文表) | |
| Succeeded Bing Liang in his post. His daughter married Sun Deng. Mourned by Sun Quan. | ||
| Bing Yuan (Genju) | 邴原 (根矩) | |
| Ping Yüan (Kên-chü) | 邴原 (根矩) | |
| Friend of Hua Xin. Belly of “The Dragon”, a group of three scholars. | ||
| Bing Zhi (Xuansi) | 邴祉 (宣嗣) | |
| Ping Chih (Hsüan-ssŭ) | 邴祉 (宣嗣) | |
| An Administrator under Sun Jian who died in the early 190s | ||
| Bo Bo | 白波 | |
| Po Po | 白波 | |
| A leader of the Black Mountain Bandits who hailed from the Bobo valley. | ||
Notes: While 白 is translated as ‘Bo’ in this case, and in the name of the valley from which Bo Bo hailed, 白 is most commonly translated as Bai. As such you may read of a Bai Bo who came from Baibo valley. |
||
| Bo Cai | 波才 | |
| Po Ts‘ai | 波才 | |
| Defeated Zhu Jun then lost to the combined armies of Zhu Jun, Huangfu Song and Cao Cao. | ||
| Bo Rao | 白繞 | |
| Po Jao | 白绕 | |
| Black Mountain Bandit leader. Plundered Wan but was defeated by Cao Cao. | ||
| Bo Shou | 白壽 | |
| Po Shou | 白寿 | |
| Shu officer. Died in the year following Kongming’s occupation of Hanzhong. | ||
| Bo Xiaochang | 柏孝長 | |
| Po Hsiaoch‘ang | 柏孝长 | |
| An officer of Merit who first hid when Liu Biao attacked, but took part in fighting after 5 days. | ||
| Bogu | 伯固 | |
| Poku | 伯固 | |
| King of a tribe as a minor in 130, he survived to give tribute to Gongsun Du in 190. | ||
Notes: Known to Korean history as Paekko. |
||
| Boque [White Sparrow] | 白雀 | |
| Poch‘üeh [White Sparrow] | 白雀 | |
| Part of the Black Mountain Bandits in 185. | ||
| Bu Chan | 步闡 | |
| Pu Ch‘an | 步阐 | |
| Served Wu. Bu Zhi’s son. Surrendered his city to Jin. Killed by Lu Kang. | ||
| Bu Ji | 步璣 | |
| Pu Chi | 步玑 | |
| Son of Bu Xie, sent by Bu Chan to Luoyang when the Bu family revolted. | ||
| Bu Jing (Xuanfeng) | 卜靜 (玄風) | |
| Pu Ching (Hsüan-fêng) | 卜靜 (玄风) | |
| Widely admired, he became a magistrate of Kuaiji under Sun Quan. | ||
| Bu Si | 卜巳 | |
| Pu Ssŭ | 卜巳 | |
| Local leader, captured and killed by Fu Xie. | ||
Notes: Also named Bu Yi |
||
| Bu Xie | 步協 | |
| Pu Hsieh | 步协 | |
| Son of Bu Zhi, became General who Consoles the Army. | ||
| Bu Xuan | 步璿 | |
| Pu Hsüan | 步璇 | |
| Youngest son of Bu Zhi, he took part in Bu Chan’s defection to Jin. | ||
| Bu Zhi (Zishan) | 步騭 (子山) | |
| Pu Chih (Tzŭ-shan) | 步骘 (子山) | |
| Served Sun Quan. Accurately predicted Guan Yu’s invasion of Jing. | ||
| Budugen | 步度根 | |
| Putukên | 步度根 | |
| A Lord of the Xianbei. Allied with Wei, then allied and got killed by Kebineng. | ||
| Cai Fang | 蔡方 | |
| Ts’ai Fang | 蔡方 | |
| Rebel who killed Licheng county’s governor Xu Zhi. | ||
| Cai Gong | 蔡貢 | |
| Ts‘ai Kung | 蔡貢 | |
| Attacked Bu Chan of Xiling, traitor to Wu, who turned from the country in 272. | ||
| Cai Gu | 蔡谷 | |
| Ts‘ai Ku | 蔡谷 | |
| Warned his cousin Cai Yong that fleeing Dong Zhuo would fail due to Yong’s fame. | ||
| Cai Lin | 蔡林 | |
| Ts‘ai Lin | 蔡林 | |
| Officer of Zhuge Ke, he defected to Wei with his entire company at Xincheng. | ||
| Cai Mao (Degui) | 蔡瑁 (德珪) | |
| Ts‘ai Mao (Tê-kuei) | 蔡瑁 (德圭) | |
| Assisted Liu Biao in taking control of Jingzhou, prevented Liu Qi from visiting father. | ||
| Cai Yan (Wenji) | 蔡琰 (文姬) | |
| Ts‘ai Yen (Wên-chi) | 蔡琰 (文姬) | |
| Captured by the Xiongnu, but bought back by Cao Cao. Some of her poems survive. | ||
Notes: Better known as the poetess Cai Wenji. An alternate style, Zhaoji (昭姬), is used in Lie Nu Hou Zhuan, while Wenji (文姬) is most commonly used (including in the Hou Han shu). |
||
| Cai Yang | 蔡陽 | |
| Ts‘ai Yang | 蔡扬 | |
| Sent to take Runan from Liu Bei and Liu Pi but failed and was killed. | ||
Notes: His given name may be either ’揚’ or ’陽’. |
||
| Cai Yi | 蔡遺 | |
| Ts‘ai I | 蔡遗 | |
| Filed complaints against the uncultured Lü Meng. Later recommended by Meng for a job. | ||
| Cai Yong (Bojie) | 蔡邕 (伯喈) | |
| Ts‘ai Yung (Po-chieh) | 蔡邕 (伯喈) | |
| Advised Emperor Ling’s court. Hated the eunuchs. Died honoring Dong Zhuo. | ||
Notes: In some Wade-Giles translations of the novel Cai Yong is incorrectly listed as Ch’ai Yung. |
||
| Cang Ci (Xiaoren) | 倉慈 (孝仁) | |
| Ts‘ang Tz‘ŭ (Hsiao-jên) | 仓慈 (孝仁) | |
| Governor of Dunhuang, his handling of foreign affairs gave him a great reputation. | ||
| Cang Xun | 倉恂 | |
| Ts‘ang Hsün | 仓恂 | |
| Son of Cang Ci. Served as a military official in Jinping. | ||
| Cao Ang (Zixiu) | 曹昂 (子脩) | |
| Ts‘ao Ang (Tzŭ-hsiu) | 曹昂 (子脩) | |
| Served Wei. Cao Cao’s first son. Died to save his father. | ||
| Cao Anmin | 曹安民 | |
| Ts‘ao Anmin | 曹安民 | |
| Served Wei. Cao Cao’s nephew. Died in the battle against Zhang Xiu. | ||
Notes: Misrepresented as ‘Cao Amin’ in the online Brewitt-Taylor translation. |
||
| Cao Bao | 曹豹 | |
| Ts‘ao Pao | 曹豹 | |
| Beaten and later slain by Zhang Fei. He caused Lü Bu’s attack on Xuzhou. | ||
| Cao Biao (Zhuhu) | 曹彪 (朱虎) | |
| Ts‘ao Piao (Chu-hu) | 曹彪 (朱虎) | |
| Cao Zhi wrote a poem about him. Cao Biao would later be found guilty of treason. | ||
| Cao Buxing | 曹不興 | |
| Ts‘ao Puhsing | 曹不兴 | |
| Such a good painter, his pictures seemed to come alive. | ||
| Cao Cao (Mengde) | 曹操 (孟德) | |
| Ts‘ao Ts‘ao (Mêng-tê) | 曹操 (孟德) | |
| Founder of Wei. Built the foundation of what would become the Jin Dynasty. | ||
Notes: In Sanguozhi Chen Shou references him with the honorary title, Wu Di (武帝), or ‘Martial Emperor’. Cao Cao appears in other sources under this name. Cao Cao’s infant name was A-Man (阿瞞). |
||
| Cao Chan | 曹闡 | |
| Ts‘ao Ch‘an | 曹阐 | |
| Replaced his deceased brother as Cao Zheng’s descendant. | ||
| Cao Chen | 曹諶 | |
| Ts‘ao Ch‘ên | 曹谌 | |
| Grandson of Cao Jun, inherits his father’s rank. | ||
| Cao Cheng | 曹乘 | |
| Ts‘ao Ch‘êng | 曹乘 | |
| Prince, died without issue. | ||
| Cao Chong (Cangshu) | 曹沖 (倉舒) | |
| Ts‘ao Ch‘ung (Ts‘ang-shu) | 曹冲 (仓舒) | |
| One of Cao Cao’s sons. Possessed an adult’s intelligence at age 5, but died young. | ||
| Cao Chun (Zihe) | 曹純 (子和) | |
| Ts‘ao Ch‘un (Tzŭ-ho) | 曹纯 (子和) | |
| Cao Ren’s younger brother. Defeated by Zhou Yu in the southern cities. | ||
| Cao De | 曹德 | |
| Ts‘ao Tê | 曹德 | |
| Brother of Cao Cao. Killed by Zhang Kai with his father Cao Song. | ||
| Cao Fan | 曹範 | |
| Ts‘ao Fan | 曹范 | |
| Adopted to continue the line of the deceased Cao Zheng. Died without issue. | ||
| Cao Fang (Lanqing) | 曹芳 (蘭卿) | |
| Ts‘ao Fang (Lan-ch‘ing) | 曹芳 (兰卿) | |
| Cao Rui’s crown prince. Became Emperor at age eight. Deposed by Sima Shi. | ||
| Cao Fu | 曹馥 | |
| Ts‘ao Fu | 曹馥 | |
| Son of Cao Hong. Inherited his father’s fief and title. | ||
| Cao Gan | 曹幹 | |
| Ts‘ao Kan | 曹干 | |
| Son of Cao Cao, contemplated revolt against Cao Rui. | ||
| Cao Gun | 曹袞 | |
| Ts‘ao Kun | 曹衮 | |
| Noted for his scholarship and quiet conduct. Wrote essays when young. | ||
Notes: Called Cao Kun in the ZZTJ. |
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| Cao Hong | 曹宏 | |
| Ts‘ao Hung | 曹宏 | |
| Friend of Tao Qian, he killed many innocent people and disturbed the province. | ||
| Cao Hong (Zilian) | 曹洪 (子廉) | |
| Ts‘ao Hung (Tzŭ-lien) | 曹洪 (子廉) | |
| Served Wei. One of Cao Cao’s cousins and a vital element of his army. | ||
| Cao Huan (Jingming) | 曹奐 (景明) | |
| Ts‘ao Huan (Ching-ming) | 曹奂 (景明) | |
| Son of Cao Yu. Last Emperor of the Wei Dynasty. Abdicated to Sima Yan. | ||
Notes: Originally named Cao Huang (曹璜). An Emperor’s given name was ineffable. As such, it was stricken from use (sometimes changing city names and re-writing literature). Cao Huang changed his name to Huan to lessen the impact of this practice (learn more). |
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| Cao Hui | 曹徽 | |
| Ts‘ao Hui | 曹徽 | |
| Maintained Cao Yu’s line. When Cao Cao died, he went hunting until reigned in. | ||
| Cao Ji | 曹棘 | |
| Ts‘ao Chi | 曹棘 | |
| Died early and was later made a Prince. | ||
| Cao Jie (Yuanwei) | 曹節 (元偉) | |
| Ts‘ao Chieh (Yuan-wei) | 曹节 (元伟) | |
| The Chief of the Ten Regular Attendants under Emperors Huan and Ling of Han. | ||
| Cao Jing | 曹京 | |
| Ts‘ao Ching | 曹京 | |
| Son of Cao Cao. Died young. Posthumously enfeoffed as a duke. | ||
| Cao Jiong | 曹冏 | |
| Ts‘ao Chiung | 曹冏 | |
| First son of Cao Rui. Prince of Qinghe. Died the year he was born. | ||
| Cao Ju | 曹據 | |
| Ts‘ao Chü | 曹据 | |
| Punished for having his men produce illegal goods. Lived in south for his health. | ||
| Cao Jun | 曹均 | |
| Ts‘ao Chün | 曹均 | |
| Transferred to the line of his uncle, had a child. | ||
| Cao Kang | 曹犺 | |
| Ts‘ao K‘ang | 曹犺 | |
| Wei Duke, had son. | ||
| Cao Mao | 曹茂 | |
| Ts‘ao Mao | 曹茂 | |
| Arrogant, vicious and sinful, he had to wait a long time to be King, had large family. | ||
| Cao Mao (Yanshi) | 曹髦 (彥士) | |
| Ts‘ao Mao (Yen-shih) | 曹髦 (彥士) | |
| Grandson of Cao Pi. Was made Emperor after Cao Fang’s abdication by Sima Shi. | ||
| Cao Mu | 曹穆 | |
| Ts‘ao Mu | 曹穆 | |
| Second son of Cao Rui. Prince of Fanyang. Died young. | ||
| Cao Pi (Zihuan) | 曹丕 (子桓) | |
| Ts‘ao P‘i (Tzŭ-huan) | 曹丕 (子桓) | |
| Cao Cao’s second son and successor. Deposed Emperor Xian. First Wei Emperor. | ||
| Cao Quan (Jingyuan) | 曹全 (景完) | |
| Ts‘ao Ch‘üan (Ching-yüan) | 曹全 (景完) | |
| Helped defeat the Turbans, a generous offical who was much admired. | ||
| Cao Ren (Zixiao) | 曹仁 (子孝) | |
| Ts‘ao Jên (Tzŭ-hsiao) | 曹仁 (子孝) | |
| Cao Cao’s cousin. Served as Minister of War for Cao Cao. | ||
| Cao Ru (Junlin) | 曹儒 (俊林) | |
| Ts‘ao Ju (Chün-lin) | 曹儒 (俊林) | |
| Served under Cao Zhang and then later against Wu. Became a Minister. | ||
| Cao Rui | 曹蕤 | |
| Ts‘ao Jui | 曹蕤 | |
| Son of Cao Pi. | ||
| Cao Rui (Yuanzhong) | 曹叡 (元仲) | |
| Ts‘ao Jui (Yüan-chung) | 曹睿 (元仲) | |
| A noted poet, was decisive in dealing with the 5th NC. Extravagant with buildings. | ||
| Cao Qin | 曹勤 | |
| Ts‘ao Ch‘in | 曹勤 | |
| Died early without issue. | ||
| Cao Shao (Changsi) | 曹肇 (長思) | |
| Ts‘ao Shao (Ch‘ang-ssŭ) | 曹肇 (长思) | |
| Son of Cao Xiu. | ||
| Cao Shen | 曹参 | |
| Ts‘ao Shên | 曹参 | |
| Prime Minister under Liu Bang. Ancestor of Cao Cao. | ||
Notes: Sometimes Romanized ‘Cao Can’. |
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| Cao Shu | 曹淑 | |
| Ts‘ao Shu | 曹淑 | |
| Cao Rui’s daughter and fourth child. Died in infancy. | ||
| Cao Shuang (Zhaobo) | 曹爽 (昭伯) | |
| Ts‘ao Shuang (Chao-po) | 曹爽 (昭伯) | |
| Regent of Cao Fang. Underestimated Sima Yi, was stripped of power, and executed. | ||
| Cao Shuo | 曹鑠 | |
| Ts‘ao Shuo | 曹铄 | |
| Served Wei. The Prince of Xiangshang. Died at a young age. | ||
| Cao Song (Jugao) | 曹嵩 (巨高) | |
| Ts‘ao Sung (Chü-kao) | 曹嵩 (巨高) | |
| Adopted son of Cao Teng and father of Cao Cao. Also called Xiahou Song. | ||
Notes: Occasionally listed as, and once named, Xiahou Song (夏侯嵩). |
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| Cao Tai | 曹泰 | |
| Ts‘ao T‘ai | 曹泰 | |
| Son of Cao Ren. Succeeded his father’s fief and later became a general of Wei. | ||
| Cao Teng (Jixing) | 曹騰 (季興) | |
| Ts‘ao T‘êng (Chi-hsing) | 曹腾 (季兴) | |
| Adopted Cao Song (formerly Xiahou), father of Cao Cao, into the Cao family. Eunuch. | ||
| Cao Xi | 曹羲 | |
| Ts‘ao Hsi | 曹羲 | |
| Warned his brother about his excesses but was ignored. Recommended surrender. | ||
| Cao Xing | 曹性 | |
| Ts‘ao Hsing | 曹性 | |
| Slain by Xiahou Dun in battle, who lost an eye to the archery of this man. | ||
| Cao Xiong | 曹熊 | |
| Ts‘ao Hsiung | 曹熊 | |
| Fourth son of Cao Cao from second wife Lady Bian. | ||
| Cao Xiu (Wenlie) | 曹休 (文烈) | |
| Ts‘ao Hsiu (Wên-lieh) | 曹休 (文烈) | |
| Performed well against Shu and Wu but fell for Zhou Fang’s ploy at Shiting. | ||
| Cao Xun | 曹訓 | |
| Ts‘ao Hsün | 曹训 | |
| Cao Zhen’s third son. Younger brother of Cao Shuang. Executed by Sima Yi. | ||
| Cao Yan | 曹演 | |
| Ts‘ao Yen | 曹演 | |
| Held military rank. In the 240’s, the fief he inherited was raised in rank. | ||
| Cao Yin | 曹殷 | |
| Ts‘ao Yin | 曹殷 | |
| Third son of Cao Rui. Posthumously Prince Ai of Anping. Died the year after he was born. | ||
| Cao Yin | 曹寅 | |
| Ts‘ao Yin | 曹寅 | |
| Prefect of Wuling. Forged a decree to Sun Jian calling for Wang Rui’s execution. | ||
| Cao Yong | 曹永 | |
| Ts‘ao Yung | 曹永 | |
| General of Cao Ren. Killed by Pang De, who also took his horse. | ||
| Cao Yu (Pengzu) | 曹宇 (彭祖) | |
| Ts‘ao Yü (P‘êng-tsu) | 曹宇 (彭祖) | |
| Son of Cao Cao. Refused to be Regent to Cao Fang due to his modest nature. | ||
| Cao Zhang (Ziwen) | 曹彰 (子文) | |
| Ts‘ao Chang (Tzŭ-wên) | 曹彰 (子文) | |
| Cao Cao’s second son by Empress Bian. Fond of martial arts. Died not long after Cao Cao. | ||
| Cao Zhen (Zidan) | 曹真 (子丹) | |
| Ts‘ao Chên (Tzŭ-tan) | 曹真 (子丹) | |
| Served Wei. Adopted into Cao family. Managed affairs after Cao Pi’s death. | ||
Notes: Cao Zhen’s original family name was Qin. He was adopted into the Cao clan. |
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| Cao Zheng | 曹整 | |
| Ts‘ao Chêng | 曹整 | |
| Adopted into the Cao Shao line but died without issue. | ||
| Cao Zhi (Zijian) | 曹植 (子建) | |
| Ts‘ao Chih (Tzŭ-chien) | 曹植 (子建) | |
| Cao Cao’s third son by Empress Bian. Originally favored as heir over Cao Pi. Famous poet. | ||
| Cao Zun | 曹遵 | |
| Ts‘ao Tsun | 曹遵 | |
| Relative of Cao Zhen. Appointed as vanguard against Zhuge Liang. Killed by Wei Yan. | ||
| Cen Hun | 岑昏 | |
| Ts‘ên Hun | 岑昏 | |
| Eunuch and favourite of Sun Hao, he was killed and eaten by palace officials. | ||
| Cen Zhi (Gongxiao) | 岑桎 (公孝) | |
| Ts‘ên Chih (Kung-hsiao) | 岑桎 (公孝) | |
| One of the Eight Paragons of Jiangxia. From Nanyang. | ||
| Chai Yu | 柴玉 | |
| Ch‘ai Yü | 柴玉 | |
| Well known bell maker, argued with Du Kui over a pair of them. Cao Cao made him a horse herder. | ||
| Chang Diao | 常雕 | |
| Ch‘ang Tiao | 常雕 | |
| Led an attack on Ruxu but was ambushed and killed by Zhu Huan. | ||
| Chang Ji | 常紀 | |
| Ch‘ang Chi | 常纪 | |
| Lost husband in 192, father killed in 195. Admired for her fine bearing in such times. | ||
| Chang Lin (Bohuai) | 常林 (伯槐) | |
| Ch‘ang Lin (Po-huai) | 常林 (伯槐) | |
| Advised Cao Pi to not lead the army against Su Bo and Tian Yin but to leave it to a vassal. | ||
| Chang Nu | 萇奴 | |
| Ch‘ang Nu | 苌奴 | |
| Helped Dong Cheng block Cao Hong from reaching Emperor Xian. | ||
| Chang Xi | 昌豨 | |
| Ch‘ang Hsi | 昌豨 | |
| One of the Black Mountain Bandits. Constantly rebelled against Cao Cao. | ||
| Chang Xia (Maoni) | 常洽 (茂尼) | |
| Ch‘ang Hsia (Mao-ni) | 常洽 (茂尼) | |
| Claimed that Li Jue would not harm Zhao Wen. Killed during Emperor Xian’s flight. | ||
Notes: Also called Chang Qia. |
||
| Che Zhou | 車冑 | |
| Ch‘ê Chou | 车胄 | |
| Served Cao Cao. Provisional Protector/Imperial Inspector of Xuzhou. | ||
| Chen Bao | 陳寶 | |
| Ch‘ên Pao | 陈宝 | |
| General; sent to get Sun Ce’s family and bring them to Wu. | ||
| Chen Bao | 陳寶 | |
| Ch‘ên Pao | 陈宝 | |
| Tried to ravage and kill Lady Lu Rong. | ||
| Chen Bao (Shengxian) | 陳寶 (盛先) | |
| Ch‘ên Pao (Shêng-hsien) | 陈宝 (盛先) | |
| Celebrated throughout the west, honest and maintained strict conduct. | ||
Notes: Also known as Chen Shi (陳實). |
||
| Chen Biao (Wenao) | 陳表 (文奧) | |
| Ch‘ên Piao (Wên-ao) | 陈表 (文奥) | |
| Chen Wu’s son. Advised Sun Deng with Zhuge Ke, Zhang Xiu, and Gu Tan. | ||
| Chen Ce | 陳策 | |
| Ch‘ên Ts‘ê | 陈策 | |
| Bandit defeated in 200 by Cao Cao, thanks to Liu Ye’s advice. | ||
| Chen Chao | 陳超 | |
| Ch‘ên Ch‘ao | 陈超 | |
| Rose in revolt against Liu Yan with Ren Qi. | ||
| Chen Cong | 陳琮 | |
| Ch‘ên Ts‘ung | 陈琮 | |
| Son of Chen Qiu, became an administrator under Cao Cao. | ||
| Chen Dan (Hangong) | 陳耽 (漢公) | |
| Ch‘ên Tan | 陈耽 (汉公) | |
| Loyal Minister that, due to slander by the eunuchs, was arrested and died in jail. | ||
| Chen Dao (Shuzhi) | 陳到 (叔至) | |
| Ch‘ên Tao (Shu-chih) | 陈到 (叔至) | |
| Served Liu Bei since he held Yizhou. Held office just under Zhao Yun. | ||
| Chen Deng (Yuanlong) | 陳登 (元龍) | |
| Ch‘ên Têng (Yüan-lung) | 陈登 (元龙) | |
| Spied on Lü Bu with his father, Gui, for Cao Cao. Joined Liu Bei, then surrendered to Cao. | ||
| Chen Duan | 陳端 | |
| Ch‘ên Tuan | 陈端 | |
| One of the seven heroes who gave their lives so Zhao Qian could escape Turbans. | ||
| Chen Duan (Zizheng) | 陳端 (子正) | |
| Ch‘ên Tuan (Tzŭ-chêng) | 陈端 (子正) | |
| Advisor to Sun Ce, along with fellow countrymen Zhang Hong and Qin Song. | ||
| Chen Fan | 陳蕃 | |
| Ch‘ên Fan | 陈蕃 | |
| Served Emperor Ling of Han as Imperial Guardian. Died opposing the eunuchs. | ||
| Chen Feng | 陳鳳 | |
| Ch‘ên Fêng | 陈凤 | |
| Captured by Xie Jing and Li Yi, he surrendered to Wu. | ||
| Chen Gong | 陈恭 | |
| Ch‘ên Kung | 陈恭 | |
| Friend of Li Tong, helped him kill Zhou Zhi. Killed by his in-law Chen He. | ||
| Chen Gong (Gongtai) | 陳宮 (公臺) | |
| Ch‘ên Kung (Kung-t‘-ai) | 陈宫 (公臺) | |
| Talented advisor who served, and died with, Lü Bu. Helped Cao Cao in the novel. | ||
| Chen Gui (Hanyu) | 陳珪 (漢瑜) | |
| Ch‘ên Kuei (Han-yü) | 陈珪 (汉瑜) | |
| Father of Chen Deng. Served Cao Cao and Liu Bei spying on Lü Bu, then under Cao. | ||
| Chen He | 陈郃 | |
| Ch‘ên Ho | 陈郃 | |
| Killed Chen Gong, the husband of his sister but was defeated by Li Tong. | ||
| Chen Hu | 陳曶 | |
| Ch‘ên Hu | 陈曶 | |
| Sent by Zhuge Liang to attack Huang Yuan. | ||
| Chen Ji | 陳濟 | |
| Ch‘ên Chi | 陈济 | |
| Served Shu. Chen Zhen’s son. | ||
| Chen Ji | 陳紀 | |
| Ch‘ên Chi | 陈纪 | |
| Served Yuan Shu guarding Shouchun, but died after his defeat there by Cao Cao. | ||
| Chen Ji (Yuanfang) | 陳紀 (元方) | |
| Ch‘ên Chi (Yüan-fang) | 陈纪 (元方) | |
| A highly respected minister, opposed Dong Zhuo’s plan to move the capital. | ||
| Chen Jiao (Jibi) | 陳矯 (季弼) | |
| Ch‘ên Chiao (Chi-pi) | 陈矫 (季弼) | |
| Known as a righteous, happy yet calm person. Highly respected governor. | ||
| Chen Jiu | 陳就 | |
| Ch‘ên Chiu | 陈就 | |
| Chief Controller, led Huang Zu’s navy but was killed by Lü Meng. | ||
| Chen Lan | 陳蘭 | |
| Ch‘ên Lan | 陈兰 | |
| Serves Yuan Shu, then later joined the Songshan Bandits with Lei Bo. | ||
Notes: Chen Jian in To Esablish Peace |
||
| Chen Lin (Kongzhang) | 陳琳 (孔璋) | |
| Ch‘ên Lin (K‘ung-chang) | 陈琳 (孔璋) | |
| Served under Emperor Ling, then under Yuan Shao. A superior writer. | ||
| Chen Mao | 陳茂 | |
| Ch‘ên Mao | 陈茂 | |
| Member of a powerful local family, slandered the family of Han Ji. Assassinated by Han Ji. | ||
| Chen Mu | 陳牧 | |
| Ch‘ên Mu | 陈牧 | |
| Officer of Chen Yu, he was killed by Lü Fan. | ||
| Chen Ping | 陳平 | |
| Ch‘ên P‘ing | 陈平 | |
| Former Han. A minister who served under Liu Bang. | ||
| Chen Pu | 陳僕 | |
| Ch‘ên P‘u | 陈仆 | |
| Leader of barbarians in the south, conquered by He Qi in 208. | ||
| Chen Qian (Xiuyuan) | 陳騫 (休淵) | |
| Ch‘ên Ch‘ien (Hsiu-yüan) | 陈骞 (休渊) | |
| A key Wei officer in the suppression of Zhuge Dan. Brigadier General of Jin. | ||
Notes: Appears in some sources under the name Chen Xuan (陳鶱). |
||
| Chen Qin | 陳勤 | |
| Ch‘ên Ch‘in | 陈勤 | |
| Abused his power, insulted Ling Tong and Ling Cao at banquet, later killed. | ||
| Chen Qun | 陳群 | |
| Ch‘ên Ch‘ün | 陈群 | |
| Served Cao Rui. Captain under Sima Yi in his campaign against Gongsun Yuan. | ||
| Chen Qun (Changwen) | 陳群 (長文) | |
| Ch‘ên Ch‘ün (Ch‘ang-wên) | 陈群 (长文) | |
| Served Wei. Imperial Censor under Cao Cao. Supreme Commander under Cao Pi. | ||
Notes: Sometimes his style is referenced incorrectly as ‘Zhangwen’. |
||
| Chen Rong | 陳容 | |
| Ch‘ên Jung | 陈容 | |
| Embarrassed Yuan Shao by rebuking him over Zang Hong’s revolt and was executed. | ||
| Chen Rong | 陳融 | |
| Ch‘ên Jung | 陈融 | |
| Served Wu and compiled Precepts. | ||
| Chen Sheng | 陳生 | |
| Ch‘ên Shêng | 陈生 | |
| Rode out aid the exhausted Zhang Hu but was shot in the face by Sun Jian. | ||
Notes: Also known as Chen Zuo. |
||
| Chen Shi | 陳式 | |
| Ch‘ên Shih | 陈式 | |
| Rumored father of Chen Shou. Traded for Xiahou Shang at Hanzhong. Executed. | ||
| Chen Shou (Chengzuo) | 陳壽 (承祚) | |
| Ch‘ên Shou (Ch‘êng-tso) | 陈寿 (承祚) | |
| Served Shu and later Jin. Author of the highly-respected Three Kingdoms history, Sanguozhi. | ||
| Chen Su | 陳肅 | |
| Ch‘ên Su | 陈肃 | |
| Made an imperial courtier by Cao Pi in honour of Chen Gui’s accomplishments. | ||
| Chen Tai (Xuanbo) | 陳泰 (玄伯) | |
| Ch‘ên T‘ai (Hsüan-po) | 陈泰 (玄伯) | |
| Defended Wei against Jiang Wei. Wept at Cao Mao’s death, and died soon after. | ||
| Chen Tao | 陳桃 | |
| Ch‘ên T‘ao | 陈桃 | |
| Was said to have seen Yu Fan meeting with sages and immortals in his dreams. | ||
| Chen Tiao (Yuanhua) | 陳調 (元化) | |
| Ch‘ên T‘iao (Yüan-hua) | 陈调 (元化) | |
| Local strongman, tried to avenge his master but was wounded and died in battle. | ||
| Chen Wei | 陳煒 | |
| Ch‘ên Wei | 陈炜 | |
| Served Han as High Minister. Advisor to Li Ying. Mocked in jest by young Kong Rong. | ||
| Chen Wen (Yuanti) | 陳溫 (元悌) | |
| Ch‘ên Wên (Yüan-t‘i) | 陈温 (元悌) | |
| Inspector of Yanzhou, he helped Cao Hong raise troops and died of illness. | ||
| Chen Wu (Zilie) | 陳武 (子烈) | |
| Ch‘ên Wu (Tzŭ-lieh) | 陈武 (子烈) | |
| Served Sun Ce as Commandant. Surrounded at Hefei and fought to his death. | ||
| Chen Xiang (Zhonglin) | 陳翔 (仲麟) | |
| Ch‘ên Hsiang (Chung-lin) | 陈翔 (仲麟) | |
| One of the Eight Paragons of Jiangxia. From Runan. | ||
| Chen Mu | 陳牧 | |
| Ch‘ên Mu | 陈牧 | |
| An officer of Yan Baihu. Defeated by Lü Fan. | ||
| Chen Yi | 陳禕 | |
| Ch‘ên I | 陈祎 | |
| Protected Empress Bian but joined in Wei Feng’s plot. Then revealed the plot out of fear. | ||
| Chen Ying | 陳應 | |
| Ch‘ên Ying | 陈应 | |
| Officer of Zhao Fan. Fought with Zhao Yun, but was later executed by him. | ||
Notes: In Destiny of an Emperor 2 his name is incorrectly mistranslated as Chen Shu. |
||
| Chen Yu (Gongwei) | 陈禹 | |
| Ch‘ên Yü (Kung-wei) | 陈禹 | |
| Tried to destroy Sun Ce by getting lords in the south to ally against him. | ||
| Chen Zhen (Xiaoqi) | 陳震 (孝起) | |
| Ch‘ên Chên (Hsiao-ch‘i) | 陈震 (孝起) | |
| Local official, was sent as emissary to Wu, swearing oath of alliance with Sun Quan. | ||
| Cheng Bing (Deshu) | 程秉 (德樞) | |
| Ch‘êng Ping (Tê-shu) | 程秉 (德枢) | |
| Advisor to Sun Quan. Sent as diplomat, with Zhang Fei’s head, to Liu Bei at Yiling. | ||
Notes: ‘Cheng Deshu’ in chapter 43 of Romance of the Three Kingdoms despite being Cheng Bing elsewhere. |
||
| Cheng Gongying | 成公英 | |
| Ch‘êng Kungying | 成公英 | |
| Served Han Sui as a strategist. Suggested hiding among the Qiang. Submitted to Cao Cao. | ||
| Cheng Ke | 程克 | |
| Ch‘êng K‘o | 程克 | |
| Son of Cheng Yu, who served Wei. | ||
| Cheng Lian | 成廉 | |
| Ch‘êng Lien | 成廉 | |
| General noted for his courage under Lü Bu. In novel, killed by Yue Jin. | ||
| Cheng Liang | 程良 | |
| Ch‘êng Liang | 程良 | |
| Son of Cheng Yu, who served Wei. | ||
| Cheng Pu (Demou) | 程普 (德謀) | |
| Ch‘êng P‘u (Tê-mou) | 程普 (德谋) | |
| Served three generations of the Sun family. From Tuyin in Youbeiping. | ||
Notes: Incorrectly referred to as ‘Chen Pu’ once in some Brewitt-Taylor translations. |
||
| Cheng Wu | 程武 | |
| Ch‘êng Wu | 程武 | |
| Served Wei. Son of Cheng Yu. Advised Xiahou Mao against Zhao Yun. | ||
| Cheng Yi | 成宜 | |
| Ch‘êng I | 成宜 | |
| One of Han Sui’s Eight Knights. Attacked Chang’an with Ma Chao. Killed by Xiahou Yuan. | ||
| Cheng Yin | 程銀 | |
| Ch‘êng Yin | 程银 | |
| One of Han Sui’s Eight Knights. Died fighting Cao Cao at Wei Nan. | ||
| Cheng Yu (Zhongde) | 程昱 (仲德) | |
| Ch‘êng Yü (Chung-tê) | 程昱 (仲德) | |
| Served Wei as an advisor. From Dong’e in Dongjun. | ||
Notes: Cheng (程) Li (立) was his original name, he dreamed about the mount Tai Shan when he was young, holding the sun (日) with both hands. Hence Cao Cao changed his name to Yu (昱) [Cheng Yu]. As you can see the word of Yu is composed with the word ‘sun’ (日) and the word ‘stand’ Li (立), together they form the word of Yu (昱). |
||
| Chi Lü (Hongyu) | 郗慮 (鴻豫) | |
| Ch‘ih Lü (Hung-yü) | 郗虑 (鸿豫) | |
| Slandered Kong Rong leading to his death and took away the Empress’ seal. | ||
| Chong Fu (Yingbo) | 種拂 | |
| Ch‘ung Fu (Ying-po) | 种拂 | |
| Served Han as Minister of Ritual. Killed by Li Jue and Guo Si’s troops. | ||
| Chong Ji | 种輯 | |
| Ch‘ung Chi | 种辑 | |
| Served Han as Changshui Commandant. Friend of Dong Cheng. Executed by Cao Cao. | ||
| Chong Shao (Shenfu) | 种邵 | |
| Ch‘ung Shao (Shên-fu) | 种邵 | |
| Han Court Counsellor. Helped Ma Teng and Han Sui. Killed by Li Jue and Guo Si. | ||
| Chong’er [Duke Wen of Jin] | 重耳[晉文公] | |
| Ch‘ung’êrh [Duke Wên of Chin] | 重耳[晋文公] | |
| Spring and Autumn Period. Chong’er, literally “Double Ears”, came to lead state of Jin. | ||
Notes: ‘Er Chong’ in the Moss Roberts novel translation. ‘Er Chong’ in the online Brewitt-Taylor translation. “Chong’er” literally translates to ‘Double Ears’, though there is no historic basis pointing out that he had unusual ears. |
||
| Chunyu Qiong (Zhongjian) | 淳于瓊 (仲簡) | |
| Ch‘unyü Ch‘iung (Chungchien) | 淳于琼 (仲简) | |
| Served Yuan Shao. Mutilated by Cao Cao after failing Yuan Shao at Guandu. | ||
| Chunyu Shi | 淳于式 | |
| Ch‘unyü Shih | 淳于式 | |
| Complained to Sun Quan that Lu Xun was unnecessarily disrupting the people. Later was praised for Lu Xun as an excellent officer. | ||
| Cuan Gu | 爨谷 | |
| Ts‘uan Ku | 爨谷 | |
| Governor of Jiaozhi. Allied with Jin and became powerful in the region. | ||
| Cuan Xi | 爨習 | |
| Ts‘uan Hsi | 爨习 | |
| A resident of Nanzhong. He later surrendered to Zhuge Liang, and his clan became powerful. | ||
| Cui Jun | 崔鈞 | |
| Ts‘ui Chün | 崔钧 | |
| Joined alliance despite his father serving Dong Zhuo. Had reputation as fighting man. | ||
| Cui Lie (Weikao) | 崔烈 (威考) | |
| Ts‘ui Lieh (Wei-k’ao) | 崔烈 (威考) | |
| Commandant of the Capital Gates. Cui Yi’s brother. Killed by Li Jue and Guo Si’s troops. | ||
Notes: Referenced incorrectly as ‘Sui Yi’ in Brewitt-Taylor’s translation and other sources. |
||
| Cui Lin (Deru) | 崔林 (德儒) | |
| Ts‘ui Lin (Tê-ju) | 崔林 (德儒) | |
| Cui Yan’s younger cousin, discussed the scholars of Ji province with Chen Qun. | ||
| Cui Yan (Jigui) | 崔琰 (季珪) | |
| Ts‘ui Yen (Chi-kuei) | 崔琰 (季珪) | |
| Scholar who served Yuan Shao then Cao Cao, who executed him for his opposition. | ||
| Cui Yu | 崔禹 | |
| Ts‘ui Yü | 崔禹 | |
| Went to Sun Huan’s aid instead of Zhu Ran but was captured and executed. | ||
| Cui Jun (Yuangping) | 崔均 (元平) | |
| Ts‘ui Chün (Yüanp‘ing) | 崔均 (元平) | |
| Accompanied his father, wanted to avenge him but died of illness. | ||
| Cui Jun (Zhouping) | 崔鈞 (州平) | |
| Ts‘ui Chün (Choup‘ing) | 崔钧 (州平) | |
| One of Zhuge Liang’s close childhood friends. Friend of Xu Shu as well. From Boling. | ||
| Da Qiao | 大喬 | |
| Ta Ch‘iao | 大乔 | |
| Elder of Wu’s Qiao Sisters. Sister to Xiao Qiao. Married to Sun Ce. | ||
Notes: Da (大), in this context, translates to ‘Big’, thus ‘Elder’. Rather than refer to her as the ‘Older Qiao’, the name Da Qiao has become a popular alternative. Da Qiao and Xiao Qiao were names first used by Koei in Dynasty Warriors 3 when the characters were introduced. Note that Da4 and Xiao3 can still be used in this context in the modern-day family, and usually as the surname. |
||
| Dai Gan | 戴乾 | |
| Tai Kan | 戴干 | |
| Recommended by Chen Qun to Cao Cao. Died fighting against Wu. | ||
| Dai Ling | 戴陵 | |
| Tai Ling | 戴陵 | |
| Served as assistant general to Zhang He during battle against Zhuge Liang. | ||
| Dai Yuan | 戴員 | |
| Tai Yüan | 戴员 | |
| Killed Sun Yi, Bian Hong and Sun He before he was assassinated. | ||
| Dan Meng | 儋萌 | |
| Tan Mêng | 儋萌 | |
| Executed a quarrelling officer, Pan Xin but was killed in battle with Pan Miao. | ||
| Deng Ai (Shizai) | 鄧艾 (士載) | |
| Têng Ai (Shih-tsai) | 邓艾 (士载) | |
| Served Wei. Campaigned against Shu with Zhong Hui and brilliantly struck Chengdu. | ||
| Deng Dang | 鄧當 | |
| Têng Tang | 邓当 | |
| Fought against the Shanyu under Sun Ce. Tried to persuade a young Lü Meng to stay home. | ||
| Deng Fang (Kongshan) | 鄧方 (孔山) | |
| Têng Fang (K‘ung-shan) | 鄧方 (孔山) | |
| Followed Liu Bei into Shu and was later given command of the south. | ||
| Deng Fu | 鄧輔 | |
| Têng Fu | 邓辅 | |
| In 219, he was attacked and defeated by Lu Xun. | ||
| Deng Ji | 鄧濟 | |
| Têng Chi | 邓济 | |
| In 197, he and his garrison at Nanyang were defeated by Cao Cao. | ||
| Deng Jing | 鄧静 | |
| Têng Ching | 邓靜 | |
| An expert vocalist, he served the Han orchestra under Cao Cao. | ||
| Deng Kai | 鄧凱 | |
| Têng K‘ai | 邓凯 | |
| Raised non-Chinese people to resist Sun Quan. Lost to Xie Jing and fled to Shu. | ||
| Deng Liang | 鄧良 | |
| Têng Liang | 邓良 | |
| Served Liu Shan. Surrended to Deng Ai on behalf of Liu Shan. | ||
| Deng Long | 鄧龍 | |
| Têng Lung | 邓龙 | |
| Attempted to attack Zhou Yu at Chaisang, Deng Long was defeated and captured. | ||
| Deng Pin | 鄧聘 | |
| Têng P‘in | 邓聘 | |
| Accompanied Emperor Xian during his flight but was killed. | ||
| Deng Sheng | 鄧升 | |
| Têng Shêng | 邓升 | |
| Officer of Gao Gan. Left to guard Shangdang as Gan went to seek aid. | ||
| Deng Xi | 鄧羲 | |
| Têng Hsi | 邓羲 | |
| Resigned in protest at Liu Biao’s continued alliance with Yuan Shao. | ||
| Deng Xian | 鄧賢 | |
| Têng Hsien | 邓贤 | |
| One of the many generals that fights Liu Bei. Is killed by Huang Zhong in the novel. | ||
| Deng Xuanzhi | 鄧玄之 | |
| Têng Hsüanchih | 邓玄之 | |
| Used by Lü Meng to persuade the Governor of Lingling to surrender the city. | ||
| Deng Yi | 鄧義 | |
| Têng I | 邓义 | |
| Served under Liu Cong with Liu Xian. Surrendered to Cao Cao after Cong’s death. | ||
| Deng Yu (Zhonghua) | 鄧禹 (仲華) | |
| Têng Yü (Chung-hua) | 邓禹 (仲华) | |
| Han Dynasty general and statesman. Major contributor to Emperor Guangwu’s effort to reestablish the Han. | ||
Notes: Mistranslated as ‘Zheng Yu’ in chapter 43 of the online Brewitt-Taylor translation and the Moss Roberts translation. |
||
| Deng Yuan | 鄧淵 | |
| Têng Yüan | 邓渊 | |
| Detained by Guo Si when sent by Emperor Xian as envoy and later killed. | ||
| Deng Zhan | 鄧展 | |
| Teng Chan | 邓展 | |
| A noted weapons expert who discussed swordplay with Cao Pi. | ||
| Deng Zhi (Bomiao) | 鄧芝 (伯苗) | |
| Têng Chih (Po-miao) | 邓芝 (伯苗) | |
| Served Zhuge Liang. Was responsible for restoration of alliance with Wu. | ||
| Deng Zhong | 鄧忠 | |
| Têng Chung | 邓忠 | |
| Served Wei. Deng Ai’s talented son. Died attempting to aid his father. | ||
Notes: Referenced incorrectly as ‘Deng Zong’ in some online historical sources. |
||
| Deng Zixiao | 鄧子孝 | |
| Têng Tzŭhsiao | 邓子孝 | |
| In 196, fled with Xu Jing to Jiao. In 208, met Wang Lang in Jing and gave him news. | ||
| Dian Man | 典滿 | |
| Tien Man | 典满 | |
| Served Wei. Dian Wei’s son, became a member of Cao Cao’s bodyguard. | ||
| Dian Wei | 典韋 | |
| Tien Wei | 典韦 | |
| Served Wei. One of Cao Cao’s trusted guards. Dian Man’s father. | ||
Notes: We originally listed Dian Wei’s style as Ziman (子曼). As we are no longer able to locate the source, and a few possible causes for error have turned up, we no longer have reason to believe he had the name. |
||
| Dilu Horse [Hex Mark] | 的盧馬 | |
| Tilu Horse [Hex Mark] | 的卢马 | |
| Liu Bei’s horse. Saved Liu Bei at the river Tan. Killed at Fallen Phoenix Slope, along with Pang Tong. | ||
Notes: Called ‘Hex Mark’ in Koei’s Romance of the Three Kingdoms. |
||
| Ding Chong | 丁沖 | |
| Ting Ch‘ung | 丁冲 | |
| Early advisor to Cao Cao and Yang Feng, he died of overdrinking. | ||
| Ding Fan | 丁蕃 | |
| Ting Fan | 丁蕃 | |
| Under He Qi’s command, reluctant to accept a humble post so He Qi killed him. | ||
| Ding Fei | 丁斐 | |
| Ting Fei | 丁斐 | |
| Magistrate of Weinan. Set free animals at Tong Gate to confuse Ma Chao’s army. | ||
| Ding Feng (Chengyuan) | 丁奉 (承淵) | |
| Ting Fêng (Ch‘êng-yüan) | 丁奉 (承渊) | |
| Famous Wu officer, assassinated Sun Chen with Zhang Bu. Defeated Wei at Dongxing. | ||
| Ding Feng | 丁封 | |
| Ting Fêng | 丁封 | |
| Served Sun Xiu under Ding Feng with Sun Yi. Dispatched to aid Zhuge Zhan. | ||
Notes: Mistranslated as ‘Ding Fung’ in the online Brewitt-Taylor translation. |
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| Ding Gong (Yuanxiong) | 丁宮 (元雄) | |
| Ting Kung (Yüan-hsiung) | 丁宫 (元雄) | |
| Recommended Shi Yi to the court, held high posts for the Han. | ||
| Ding Guan | 丁管 | |
| Ting Kuan | 丁管 | |
| Served Han as Imperial Secretary. Opposed Dong Zhuo’s change of Emperors. | ||
| Ding Lan (Xiaolian) | 丁覽 (孝連) | |
| Ting Lan (Hsiao-lien) | 丁览 (孝连) | |
| An orphan, he was an honourable and generous man but died before he could rise further. | ||
| Ding Li | 丁立 | |
| Ting Li | 丁立 | |
| Shu officer. Died in the year following Kongming’s occupation of Hanzhong. | ||
| Ding Mi (Yanjing) | 丁謐 (彥靖) | |
| Ting Mi (Yen-ching) | 丁谧 (彦靖) | |
| Supporter of Cao Shuang, part of the clever four club led by Xiahou Xu. | ||
| Ding Xu | 丁諝 | |
| Ting Hsü | 丁諝 | |
| Head of convict soldiers, he was befriended by Gu Shao. Would rise through the ranks. | ||
| Ding Yi (Jingli) | 丁廙 (敬礼) | |
| Ting I (Ching-li) | 丁廙 (敬礼) | |
| Supporter of Cao Zhi, a man of literary talent. Executed with his brother by Cao Pi. | ||
Notes: Not to be confused with Ding Yì (丁儀). Sometimes incorrectly translated (perhaps in the name of disambiguation) as Ding Yin. |
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| Ding Yi (Zhengli) | 丁儀 (正禮) | |
| Ting I (Chêng-li) | 丁仪 (正礼) | |
| Supporter of Cao Zhi after Cao Pi slandered him. Executed with his brother by Cao Pi. | ||
Notes: Not to be confused with Ding Yí (丁廙). |
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| Ding Yuan (Jianyang) | 丁原 (建陽) | |
| Ting Yüan (Chien-yang) | 丁原 (建阳) | |
| An excellent horseman and archer, assassinated by Lü Bu on Dong Zhuo’s orders. | ||
| Ding (Zisu) | 丁 (子嗣) | |
| Ting (Tzŭ-su) | 丁 (子嗣) | |
| A local officer, one of the Seven Heroes who shielded Zhao Qian after losing to Turbans. | ||
| Diwu Jun | 第五儁 | |
| Tiwu Chün | 第五儁 | |
| In 188, was ordered to raise a regiment to help He Xun defeat Liang rebels. | ||
| Dong Ba | 董巴 | |
| Tung Pa | 董巴 | |
| Historian who wrote several works on the Han. Linked Cao Pi to Yellow Emperor. | ||
| Dong Bai | 董白 | |
| Tung Pai | 董白 | |
| Granddaughter of Dong Zhuo. Made a Lord even before she came of age. | ||
| Dong Chao | 董朝 | |
| Tung Ch‘ao | 董朝 | |
| Objected to Pang De as leader for battle against Guan Yu. | ||
| Dong Cheng | 董承 | |
| Tung Ch‘êng | 董承 | |
| Served Han as General of Cavalry and Chariots. Plots to assassinate Cao Cao. | ||
| Dong Chong | 董重 | |
| Tung Ch‘ung | 董重 | |
| Served Han as General of the Flying Cavalry. Lady Dong’s brother. | ||
Notes: Is also known as Dong Zhong in the ZZTJ. |
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| Dong Fang | 董訪 | |
| Tung Fang | 董访 | |
| His service to Zhang Miao led to Dong Zhao losing favour with Yuan Shao. | ||
| Dong Fen | 董芬 | |
| Tung Fên | 董芬 | |
| Tried to copy Gan Shi’s breathing style but failed, almost killing himself in the attempt. | ||
| Dong Fu (Mouan) | 董扶 (茂安) | |
| Tung Fu (Mou-an) | 董扶 (茂安) | |
| Famed teacher and debater, he advised Liu Yan to go to Yi. | ||
Notes: Professor Rafe has style name as Mao’an. |
||
| Dong He | 董和 | |
| Tung Ho | 董和 | |
| Captured in 214 by Sun Quan with Zhu Guang. | ||
| Dong He (Youzai) | 董和 (幼宰) | |
| Tung Ho (Yu-tsai) | 董和 (幼宰) | |
| Suggested asking Zhang Lu for aid against Liu Bei. Admired for his honesty and plain living. | ||
| Dong Huang | 董璜 | |
| Tung Huang | 董璜 | |
| Privy Counsellor under Dong Zhuo. Dong Zhuo’s nephew. Killed by Huangfu Song. | ||
| Dong Hui (Xiuxu) | 董恢 (休緒) | |
| Tung Hui (Hsiu-hsü) | 董恢 (休绪) | |
| As an ambassador to Wu, advised Fei Yi on how to reply to Sun Quan. | ||
| Dong Jue (Gongxi) | 董厥 (龔襲) | |
| Tung Chüeh (Kung-hsi) | 董厥 (龚袭) | |
| Brought troops to defend Saber Pass from Deng Ai and Zhong Hui. | ||
| Dong Meng | 董蒙 | |
| Tung Meng | 董蒙 | |
| Petitioned Cao Cao to become Duke. | ||
| Dong Min (Shuyin) | 董旻 (叔穎) | |
| Tung Min (Shu-yin) | 董旻 (叔颖) | |
| Served Dong Zhuo as Lord of Hu. Dong Zhuo’s brother. Killed by Huangfu Song. | ||
| Dong Si | 董祀 | |
| Tung Ssŭ | 董祀 | |
| Sentenced to death for some crime, Cai Yan appealed to Cao Cao and saved him. | ||
| Dong Tai | 董臺 | |
| Tung T‘ai | 董台 | |
| A local gentleman, unsuccessfully sought the hand of the widow Han Jiang. His clients had her kidnapped. | ||
| Dong Xi (Yuandai) | 董襲 (元代) | |
| Tung Hsi (Yüan-tai) | 董袭 (元代) | |
| Historically killed two generals, drowned with his ship, refusing pleas to leave it. | ||
| Dong Yu (Jizhi) | 董遇 (季直) | |
| Tung Yü (Chi-chih) | 董遇 (季直) | |
| Loved to study and a quiet man, highly venerated Confucian scholar. | ||
| Dong Yue | 董越 | |
| Tung Yüeh | 董越 | |
| Sent to guard Mianchi against the Coalition. Killed by Niu Fu on advice of soothsayer. | ||
| Dong Yun (Xiuzhao) | 董允 (休昭) | |
| Tung Yün (Hsiu-chao) | 董允 (休昭) | |
| Served Shu as a High Minister during Liu Shan’s reign. | ||
| Dong Zhao (Gongren) | 董昭 (公仁) | |
| Tung Chao (Kung-jên) | 董昭 (公仁) | |
| Served Han then Wei. Advised Cao Cao to move the capital to Xuchang. | ||
| Dong Zhuo (Zhongying) | 董卓 (仲穎) | |
| Tung Cho (Chung-ying) | 董卓 (仲颖) | |
| Siezed control of Luoyang and the Han government before being killed by Lü Bu. | ||
| Dongguo Yannian (Gongyou) | 東郭延年 | |
| Tungkuo Yennien (Kung-yu) | 东郭延年 | |
| Noted for long life and youthful appearance, obtained by various methods. | ||
| Dongli Gun | 东里衮 | |
| Tungli Kun | 東里袞 | |
| He fought bravely to escape when Wan rebelled. Later aided Cao Ren in retaking the city. | ||
| Dou Fu | 竇輔 | |
| Tou Fu | 窦辅 | |
| Grandson of Dou Wu, escaped being executed due to family friends. | ||
| Dou Wu | 竇武 | |
| Tou Wu | 窦武 | |
| Served Emperor Ling of Han as Regent-Marshal. Died opposing the eunuchs. | ||
| Doumao | 竇茂 | |
| Tou-mao | 窦茂 | |
| King of Di who assisted Zhang Lu against Cao Cao. | ||
| Du Chang | 杜長 | |
| Tu Ch‘ang | 杜长 | |
| Sent to assist Gongsun Zan against Yuan Shao but was defeated. | ||
| Du Ji (Bohou) | 杜畿 (伯侯) | |
| Tu Chi (Po-hou) | 杜畿 (伯侯) | |
| Judged the best administrator in the empire, kept the people of Hedong loyal to Wei. | ||
| Du Kui (Gongliang) | 杜夔 (公良) | |
| Tu K‘uei (Kung-liang) | 杜夔 (公良) | |
| Gentleman of the Court Music. Reprimanded Liu Biao for creating an orchestra for his court. | ||
| Du Pu | 杜普 | |
| Tu P‘u | 杜普 | |
| Advance guard against Yue Jin in Xiangyang but was driven back. | ||
| Du Qi | 杜祺 | |
| Tu Ch‘i | 杜祺 | |
| Subordinate of Wang Lian, he rose up to become a high ranking officer. | ||
| Du Qiong (Boyu) | 杜瓊 (伯瑜) | |
| Tu Ch‘iung (Po-yü) | 杜琼 (伯瑜) | |
| A teacher of Qiao Zhou and famed scholar, generally avoided public affairs despite rank. | ||
| Du Song | 杜松 | |
| Tu Sung | 杜松 | |
| Garrisoned in Donghai, his men mutinied and Song was replaced by Lü Qian. | ||
| Du Tong | 杜通 | |
| Tu T‘ung | 杜通 | |
| In 220, was arrested by Zhang Jin and his position usurped. Restored by Su Ze. | ||
| Du Wei (Guofu) | 杜微 (國輔) | |
| Tu Wei (Kuo-fu) | 杜微 (国辅) | |
| Faked illness, even faked being deaf, to avoid serving Liu Bei. | ||
| Du Xi (Zixu) | 杜襲 (子緒) | |
| Tu Hsi (Tzŭ-hsü) | 杜袭 (子绪) | |
| Proposed to the troops that Zhang He take command after Xiahou Yuan was killed. | ||
| Du Yu (Yuankai) | 杜預 (元凱) | |
| Tu Yü (Yüan-k‘-ai) | 杜预 (元凯) | |
| Served Jin to unification. The Field Marshal that led the invasion of Wu. | ||
| Duan Gui (Ziyin) | 段圭 | |
| Tuan Kuei (Tzŭ-yin) | 段圭 | |
| One of the Ten Regular Attendants. Killed by Min Gong searching for Emperor Ling. | ||
| Duan Wei (Zhongming) | 段煨 | |
| Tuan Wei (Chung-ming) | 段煨 | |
| Supplied Emperor Xian’s court despite being attacked. Destroyed Li Jue. | ||
| Duan Xun | 段訓 | |
| Tuan Hsü | 段训 | |
| Sent to reward Liu Yu and Gongsun Zan, instead was forced to execute Liu Yu. | ||
Notes: Also called Yin Xun (殷訓) |
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| Duan Zhao | 段昭 | |
| Tuan Chao | 段昭 | |
| Defeated the rebel Cai Fang. | ||
| Duhu | 杜濩 | |
| Tuhu | 杜濩 | |
| Tribe leader, took in Zhang Lu and later surrendered to Cao Cao. | ||
| Ehe Shaoge | 餓何燒戈 | |
| Oho Shaoko | 饿何烧戈 | |
| Sent with Chen Tai, he was tricked and fell into a pit. Committed suicide. | ||
| Emperor Guangwu [Liu Xiu] | 光武皇帝[劉秀] | |
| Emperor Kuangwu [Liu Hsiu] | 光武皇帝[刘秀] | |
| Emperor Guangwu restored the Han Dynasty in AD 25, making him the first Emperor of the Later Han. | ||
Notes: Shizu (世祖) was his Temple Name. His style name is Wenshu (Wên-shu) (文叔). |
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| Emperor Huan [Liu Zhi] | 桓帝[劉志] | |
| Emperor Huan [Liu Chih] | 桓帝[刘志] | |
| Emperor Huan of the Han. Destroyed the Liang family, but empowered the eunuchs. | ||
Notes: In Chinese the name of the emperor comes before the use of the word emperor hence Huan (the name) Di (emperor). |
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| Emperor Ling [Liu Hong] | 靈帝[劉宏] | |
| Emperor Ling [Liu Hung] | 灵帝[刘宏] | |
| Emperor Ling of Han (AD 156–189). Ruled through the Yellow Turban Rebellion. | ||
Notes: In Chinese the name of the emperor comes before the use of the word emperor hence Ling (the name) Di (emperor). |
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| Emperor Shao [Liu Bian] | 少帝[劉辯] | |
| Emperor Shao [Liu Pien] | 少帝[刘辩] | |
| Emperor Shao of Han (AD 189). Deposed and poisoned by Dong Zhuo. | ||
Notes: ‘Emperor Bian’ at times in the Brewitt-Taylor translation. |
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| Emperor Shun | 舜帝 | |
| Emperor Shun | 舜帝 | |
| Ancient Chinese Emperor. One of the Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors. Ruled for a half-century. | ||
Notes: Born Yao Chonghua (姚重華). Other names include Youyu-shi (有虞氏), the Great Shun (大舜) and Yu Shun (虞舜). |
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| Emperor Xian [Liu Xie] (Bohe) | 獻帝[劉協] (伯和) | |
| Emperor Hsien [Liu Hsieh] (Po-ho) | 献帝[刘协] (伯和) | |
| Son of Emperor Ling. Reigned AD 189–220. Forced to abdicate by Cao Pi. | ||
Notes: Called by the name ‘Prince of Chenliu’ frequently in novel translations. In Chinese the name of the emperor comes before the use of the word emperor hence Xian (the name) Di (emperor). In this case, Emperor Xian also has a style name attached to his normal name, therefore if you were addressing him as emperor you would say Xian Di, if you knew his name and were close you may use Liu Xie, or if you wanted his style name you’d call him Liu Bohe. |
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| Empress Bian | 卞皇后 | |
| Empress Pien | 卞皇后 | |
| Wife of Cao Cao and mother of Cao Pi. Made empress dowager when Cao Pi became emperor. | ||
Notes: Called ‘Bian Shi’ in Koei’s Romance of the Three Kingdoms XI. |
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| Empress Cao Jie | 曹節皇后 | |
| Empress Ts‘ao Chieh | 曹节皇后 | |
| Emperor Xian’s empress after death of Empress Fu, opposed Cao Pi becoming Emperor. | ||
Notes: Also known as Empress Cao, Empress Xianmu (獻穆皇后) and Duchess Shanyang. |
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| Empress Fu Shou | 伏壽皇后 | |
| Empress Fu Shou | 伏寿皇后 | |
| Wife of Emperor Xian. From Langya. Daughter of Fu Wan. Executed by Cao Cao. | ||
Notes: Commonly referenced simply as ‘Empress Fu’. |
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| Empress Gan | 甘皇后 | |
| Empress Kan | 甘皇后 | |
| Concubine and later Empress of Liu Bei. She was a native of Pei. | ||
| Empress Guo (Nüwang) | 郭皇后 | |
| Empress Kuo (Nü-wang) | 郭皇后 | |
| One of Cao Pi’s wives, said to have spread doubts about Cao Rui’s birth. | ||
Notes: Guo Shi in Romance of the Three Kingdoms XI. |
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| Empress He | 何皇后 | |
| Empress Ho | 何皇后 | |
| Emperor Shao’s mother. He Jin’s half-sister. Died of grief or through suicide. | ||
| Empress Mu | 穆皇后 | |
| Empress Mu | 穆皇后 | |
| Consort and later Empress of Liu Bei. From Chenliu. Wu Yi’s sister. | ||
Notes: Empress Mu (穆皇后) is her traditional name. Informally, you will find her referenced as Empress Wu (吳皇后). |
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| Empress Zhang | 張皇后 | |
| Empress Chang | 张皇后 | |
| Daughter of Zhang Qi. Empress to Cao Fang. Ordered executed by Sima Shi. | ||
| Empress Zhang | 張皇后 | |
| Empress Chang | 張皇后 | |
| Sister to Lady Zhang, second wife of Liu Shan. | ||
| Empress Zhang [Xingcai] | 張皇后[星彩] | |
| Empress Chang [Hsingts‘ai] | 张皇后[星彩] | |
| Zhang Fei’s daughter. Empress Zhang married to Liu Shan. Zhang Xingcai in Koei games. | ||
Notes: ‘Empress Zhang’ or ‘Lady Zhang’ in the novel and other historic sources, she has been given a fictional personality by Koei under the name ‘Zhang Xingcai’ or simply ‘Xing Cai’. Both names refer to the same person, but the story given her in Koei games is fictional. I’ve recorded this as the English translation presents itself (so, Huanghou Zhang (empress Zhang) and Xing1cai3 as her given name) |
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| Empress Zhen [Zhen Ji] | 甄皇后[甄姫] | |
| Empress Chên [Chên Chi] | 甄皇后[甄姫] | |
| Formerly Yuan Xi’s wife. Later married to Cao Pi. Became Empress. | ||
Notes: Empress Zhen is frequently called Zhen Ji, as she is named by Koei. Referenced elsewhere as Zhen Luo (甄洛) or Empress Wenzhao (文昭皇后). I’ve recorded this as Huang2hou4 Zhen1 (Empress Zhen), with Ji1 as her given name. To say her name as Koei suggests, use Zhen (surname) and Ji1 (given name) together. |
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| Fa Miao | 法邈 | |
| Fa Miao | 法邈 | |
| Served Shu. Son of Fa Zheng. | ||
| Fa Zhen (Gaoqing) | 法真 (高卿) | |
| Fa Chên (Kao-ch‘ing) | 法真 (高卿) | |
| A distinguished scholar but refused all office. A quiet man with few desires. | ||
| Fa Zheng (Xiaozhi) | 法正 (孝直) | |
| Fa Chêng (Hsiao-chih) | 法正 (孝直) | |
| Served Liu Zhang then Liu Bei. Was integral to the foundation of Shu. | ||
| Fan A | 樊阿 | |
| Fan A | 樊阿 | |
| Expert at Acupuncture, studied under Hua Tuo around AD 200. | ||
| Fan Chou | 樊稠 | |
| Fan Ch‘ou | 樊稠 | |
| The third part in Li Jue and Guo Si’s government. A brave general, killed by Li Jue. | ||
| Fan Fang | 范方 | |
| Fan Fang | 范方 | |
| Sent with cavalry to help Liu Dai but Liu later turned to Yuan Shao and Fan went home. | ||
| Fan Jian (Changyuan) | 樊建 (長元) | |
| Fan Chien (Ch‘ang-yüan) | 樊建 (长元) | |
| Secretary under Kongming then Jiang Wei. Went with Liu Shan when Shu fell. | ||
| Fan Jiang | 范彊 | |
| Fan Chiang | 范强 | |
| Assassinated Zhang Fei with Zhang Da and then fled to Wu. | ||
| Fan Kang (Zhongzhen) | 范康 (仲真) | |
| Fan K‘ang (Chung-chên) | 范康 (仲真) | |
| One of the Eight Paragons of Jiangxia. From Bohai. | ||
| Fan Li | 范蠡 | |
| Fan Li | 范蠡 | |
| Spring and Autumn Period. Advisor in the state of Yue. Resigned after Yue defeated Wu. | ||
| Fan Ling | 范陵 | |
| Fan Ling | 范陵 | |
| Sent by Guanqiu Xing as diplomat to the Qiang but Fan abused his position. | ||
| Fan Ling (Deyun) | 樊陵 (德雲) | |
| Fan Ling (Tê-yün) | 樊陵 (德云) | |
| Appointed by the eunuchs after He Jin’s death but was executed by Yuan Shao. | ||
| Fan Min (Shengda) | 樊敏 (升達) | |
| Fan Min (Shêng-ta) | 樊敏 (升达) | |
| An expert at Chunqiu, he would become an elder statesmen under Liu Zhang. | ||
| Fan Neng | 樊能 | |
| Fan Nêng | 樊能 | |
| Served Liu Yao. Died after Sun Ce shouted at him in battle. | ||
| Fan Pang (Mengbo) | 范滂 (孟博) | |
| Fan P‘ang (Mêng-po) | 范滂 (孟博) | |
| One of the Eight Paragons of Jiangxia. From Runan. | ||
| Fan Xian | 范先 | |
| Fan Hsien | 范先 | |
| Aided Gao Gan against Cao Cao but Du Ji’s work ensured their failure. | ||
| Fan You | 樊友 | |
| Fan Yu | 樊友 | |
| Governor of Yidu, fled his post to Lu Xun during Wu’s invasion of Jing. | ||
| Fan Zeng (Zimin) | 范曾 (子閔) | |
| Fan Tsêng (Tzŭ-min) | 范曾 (子闵) | |
| Serving under He Jin, he defeated Turbans in Nanyang. | ||
| Fan Zhou | 樊怞 | |
| Fan Chou | 樊怞 | |
| From prestigious family, tried to raise forces for Liu Bei but was defeated by Pan Jun. | ||
| Fei (Boren) | 費 (伯仁) | |
| Fei (Po-jên) | 费 (伯仁) | |
| Invited west by his cousin in 200, looked after Fei Yi. | ||
| Fei Changfang | 費長房 | |
| Fei Ch‘angfang | 费长房 | |
| A local guard who met an exiled immortal. Had a dragon staff and did many feats of magic. | ||
| Fei Cheng | 費承 | |
| Fei Ch‘êng | 费承 | |
| Served Shu. Son of Fei Yi, and his heir. Older brother to Fei Gong. | ||
| Fei Gong | 費恭 | |
| Fei Kung | 费恭 | |
| Noted throughout the land but died young. | ||
| Fei Guan (Binbo) | 費觀 (賓伯) | |
| Fei Kuan (Pin-po) | 费观 (宾伯) | |
| Relative of Liu Zhang, he recommended Li Yan and later surrendered to Liu Bei. | ||
| Fei Shi (Gongju) | 費詩 (公舉) | |
| Fei Shih (Kung-chü) | 费诗 (公举) | |
| Gave refuge to Liu Zhang’s officers. Protested against Liu Bei becoming Emperor. | ||
| Fei Yao | 費曜 | |
| Fei Yao | 费曜 | |
| Officer of Wei. Reached rank of Grand Commander, but died in battle. | ||
| Fei Yi (Wenwei) | 費禕 (文偉) | |
| Fei I (Wên-wei) | 费祎 (文伟) | |
| Shu official. Took over affairs of state after Jiang Wan’s death. | ||
| Fei Zhan | 費棧 | |
| Fei Chan | 费栈 | |
| Served the Shanyue. Later submitted to Wei, and rebelled against Sun Quan. | ||
| Feng | 豐 | |
| Fêng | 丰 | |
| One of many that sponsored a stele commemorating Cao Pi becoming Emperor. | ||
| Feng Dan | 馮紞 | |
| Fêng Tan | 冯紞 | |
| Jin officer under Sima Yan. Opposed Yang Hu’s proposal to attack Wu. | ||
| Feng Fang | 馮方 | |
| Fêng Fang | 冯方 | |
| Father of Yuan Shu’s wife, a Han offical willing to slander those that excluded him. | ||
| Feng Ji (Yuantu) | 逢紀 (元圖) | |
| Fêng Chi (Yüan-t‘u) | 逢纪 (元图) | |
| Vassal of Yuan Shao. Supported Yuan Shang as Shao’s successor. | ||
Notes: ‘Peng Ji’ in the online Brewitt-Taylor translation. ‘Pang Ji’ in the ZZTJ. |
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| Feng Kai | 馮楷 | |
| Fêng K‘ai | 冯楷 | |
| One of the commanders in Nanyang under Zhao Yan. | ||
| Feng Li | 馮禮 | |
| Fêng Li | 张礼 | |
| Served Yuan Shang. Punished for intoxication. Betrayed to Wei. Killed by Shen Pei. | ||
| Feng Ren | 封仁 | |
| Fêng Jên | 封仁 | |
| Around 215, Cao Cao told Feng of his confidence in the loyalty of Jiang Ji. | ||
| Feng Su | 馮肅 | |
| Fêng Su | 冯肃 | |
| A dancer who helped keep the Han traditions alive. | ||
| Feng Xi (Xiuyuan) | 馮習 (休元) | |
| Fêng Hsi (Hsiu-yüan) | 冯习 (休元) | |
| Officer of Shu. Died fighting at the battle of Yiling. | ||
| Feng Xi (Zirou) | 馮熙 (子柔) | |
| Fêng Hsi (Tzŭ-jou) | 冯熙 (子柔) | |
| Used as a historian by Sun Quan and as a diplomat to both Shu and Wei. | ||
| Feng Xu | 封胥 | |
| Fêng Hsü | 封胥 | |
| One of the Ten Regular Attendants. An agent of Zhang Jue of the Yellow Scarves. | ||
| Feng Ze | 馮則 | |
| Fêng Tsê | 冯则 | |
| A cavalry trooper, he pursued and personally cut down Huang Zu. | ||
| Fu De | 伏德 | |
| Fu Tê | 伏德 | |
| Brother of Empress Fu, carried her into a boat when they attempted to escape Li Jue. | ||
| Fu Gan (Yancai) | 傅幹 (彦材) | |
| Fu Kan (Yen-ts‘ai) | 傅幹 (彥材) | |
| Advised Cao Cao to concentrate on civil affairs rather then campaign against Wu. | ||
| Fu Gu (Lanshi) | 傅嘏 (蘭石) | |
| Fu Ku (Lan-shih) | 傅嘏 (兰石) | |
| Chair of the Secretariat, he opposed Sima Shi’s invasion of Wu. | ||
| Fu Jin | 扶禁 | |
| Fu Chin | 扶禁 | |
| Besieged Huo Jun at Jiameng for a year but was defeated in surprise attack. | ||
| Fu Kuang (Yuanbi) | 輔匡 (元弼) | |
| Fu K‘uang (Yüan-pi) | 辅匡 (元弼) | |
| Leader of the vanguard against Wu. Fought under Zhuge Liang against the Nanman. | ||
| Fu Qian | 傅僉 | |
| Fu Ch‘ien | 傅佥 | |
| Fu Tong’s son, served Shu. Captured Li Peng and Wang Zhen. Died in battle. | ||
| Fu Qian (Zishen) | 服虔 | |
| Fu Ch‘ien (Tzŭ-shên) | 服虔 | |
| A noted scholar, one of his works circulating for several hundred years. Backed Tao Qian’s petition. | ||
| Fu Qun | 傅羣 | |
| Fu Ch‘ün | 傅羣 | |
| Inspector of Jing in 210. | ||
| Fu Shiren (Junyi) | 傅士仁 (君義) | |
| Fu Shihjên (Chün-i) | 傅士仁 (君义) | |
| Persuaded by Lü Meng to betray Guan Yu. Killed by Guan Xing after trying to return to Shu. | ||
Notes: Just known as Shi Ren in ZZTJ and Generals of the South. |
||
| Fu Tong | 傅彤 | |
| Fu T‘ung | 傅彤 | |
| Central military advisor for the Shu forces. Died during the battle of Yiling. | ||
Notes: Called Fu Rong by SGZ. |
||
| Fu Wan | 伏完 | |
| Fu Wan | 伏完 | |
| Married a Princess, took a lesser position in Cao Cao’s court. | ||
| Fu Xi | 伏羲 | |
| Fu Hsi | 伏羲 | |
| The first of three noble emperors, the San Huang, in Chinese mythology. | ||
| Fu Xie (Nanrong) | 傅燮 (南容) | |
| Fu Hsieh (Nan-jung) | 傅燮 (南容) | |
| Loyal minister who fought against the Turbans with Zhu Jun. | ||
| Fu Xuan | 傅玄 | |
| Fu Hsüan | 傅玄 | |
| Wrote the Fuzi and helped compile Wei’s history, a famed poet in his day. | ||
| Fu Xun (Gongti) | 傅巽 (公悌) | |
| Fu Hsün (Kung-t‘i) | 傅巽 (公悌) | |
| Advised Liu Cong to surrender, urged Cao Cao to become a Duke and Cao Pi to become Emperor. | ||
Notes: Incorrectly Romanized as ‘Fu Xuan’ in the online Brewitt-Taylor translation. |
||
| Fu Yang | 服養 | |
| Fu Yang | 服养 | |
| A dancer who helped keep the Han traditions alive. | ||
| Fu Ying | 傅嬰 | |
| Fu Ying | 傅婴 | |
| General of Sun Yi, avenged his master’s murder by killing Gui Lan. | ||
| Fuhu | 朴胡 | |
| Fuhu | 朴胡 | |
| Chieftain who shielded Zhang Lu, latter surrendered to Wei. Defeated by Huang Quan. | ||
| Fuluohan | 扶羅韓 | |
| Fulohan | 扶罗韩 | |
| Passed over for succession so set up his own state. Assassinated by rival Kebineng. | ||
| Gan Huai | 甘瑰 | |
| Kan Huai | 甘瑰 | |
| Exiled from Wu some time after his father’s death for causing trouble. | ||
| Gan Ji | 干吉 | |
| Kan Chi | 干吉 | |
| A Taoist priest. In the novel, sent to execution by Sun Ce and said to have cursed him to death. | ||
Notes: Gan Ji frequently referenced as ‘Yu Ji’, especially in games. Historically, ‘Gan Ji’ (干吉) is correct, and it is thought Luo Guanzhong may have confused the character for his family name and thus entered him as ‘Yu Ji’ (于吉). Notice the similarity between Gan ‘干’ and Yu ‘于’. Our recording features both “Gan4 Ji2” and “Yu2 Ji2.” |
||
| Gan Ning (Xingba) | 甘寧 (興霸) | |
| Kan Ning (Hsing-pa) | 甘宁 (兴霸) | |
| Known to be brave and strong. Served Huang Zu, then Wu. Died of illness. | ||
| Gan Shi | 甘始 | |
| Kan Shih | 甘始 | |
| Claimed to Cao Zhi, that he had been alive during the reign of the First Emperor. | ||
| Gan Shu | 甘述 | |
| Kan Shu | 甘述 | |
| Gained rank in the Secretariat despite his brother’s exile. | ||
| Gao Cheng | 高承 | |
| Kao Ch‘êng | 高承 | |
| Local officer, sent by Sun Ce with tribute gifts to the Han court. | ||
| Gao Dai (Kongwen) | 高岱 (孔文) | |
| Kao Tai (K‘ung-wên) | 高岱 (孔文) | |
| Took his lord to Xu Zhao for protection. Later executed by Sun Ce for contempt. | ||
| Gao Ding (Yuan) | 高定 | |
| Kao Ting (Yüan) | 高定 | |
| Shu vassal that revolted in the southern Man region. | ||
| Gao Fan | 高蕃 | |
| Kao Fan | 高蕃 | |
| Sent by Yuan Shang to block the Yellow River but he was defeated by Li Dian. | ||
| Gao Gan (Yuancai) | 高幹 (元才) | |
| Kao Kan (Yüan-ts‘ai) | 高干 (元才) | |
| Nephew of Yuan Shao. Defeated Li Dian and Yue Jin at Huguan Pass. | ||
Notes: Gan written as 干 in HHS. |
||
| Gao Lan | 高覽 | |
| Kao Lan | 高览 | |
| Originally a talented officer of Yuan Shao. Defected with Zhang He to Wei. | ||
| Gao Pei | 高沛 | |
| Kao P‘ei | 高沛 | |
| Officer of Liu Zhang. Executed after an attempt to assassinate Liu Bei. | ||
| Gao Rou (Wenhui) | 高柔 (文惠) | |
| Kao Jou (Wên-hui) | 高柔 (文惠) | |
| Minister of the Interior. Given provisional command of the army to seize Cao Shuang’s camp. | ||
| Gao Sheng | 高勝 | |
| Kao Shêng | 高胜 | |
| Raised up large bandit force but, despite advantage of numbers, lost to Li Yan. | ||
| Gao Shun | 高順 | |
| Kao Shun | 高顺 | |
| Defeated Xiahou Dun. Caught and executed by Cao Cao at Xia Pi. | ||
| Gao Wang | 高望 | |
| Kao Wang | 高望 | |
| An officer of medicines, he was close to Prince Liu Bian. Killed in the massacre. | ||
| Gao Xiang | 高翔 | |
| Kao Hsiang | 高翔 | |
| Officer of Shu. Participated in many of Zhuge Liang’s northern campaigns. | ||
| Gao Ya | 高雅 | |
| Kao Ya | 高雅 | |
| In 193, he was defeated by Yu Jin at Dongping. | ||
| Gao Yan | 高焉 | |
| Kao Yen | 高焉 | |
| Gongsun Zan alleged that Yuan Shao executed Yan as Shao was greedy for Yan’s property. | ||
| Gao Yi (Kuanfang) | 高頤 | |
| Kao I (K‘uan-fang) | 高颐 | |
| Served Liu Zhang in civil roles and died in office. | ||
| Gao You | 高誘 | |
| Kao Yu | 高诱 | |
| Noted scholar and student of Lu Zhi, held a number of middle-range appointments under Cao Cao. | ||
| Gao (Yuanlü) | 高 (元呂) | |
| Kao (Yüan-lü) | 高 (元吕) | |
| An expert physiognomist, about 217 he reassured Cao Pi about his prospects as a future ruler. | ||
| Gao Zhen | 高朕 | |
| Kao Chên | 高朕 | |
| Arranged the reconstruction of a ceremonial hall in honour of the sage Duke of Zhou. | ||
| Gao Zuo | 高祚 | |
| Kao Tso | 高祚 | |
| Sent with others to launch a sneak attack, they took Yang Ren’s head. | ||
| Gaotang Long (Shenping) | 高棠隆 (升平) | |
| Kaot‘ang Lung (Shên-p‘ing) | 高棠隆 (升平) | |
| A valued officer, created a calender for Wei, was Tutor to Cao Rui. | ||
| Ge Xuan | 葛玄 | |
| Ko Hsüan | 葛玄 | |
| One of the founders of modern Daoism. Survived drowning apparently thanks to his advanced breathing methods. | ||
| Geng Bao | 耿苞 | |
| Kêng Pao | 耿苞 | |
| Suggested Yuan Shao take up the Imperial Title, called insane and was executed. | ||
| Geng Ji (Jixing) | 耿紀 (季行) | |
| Kêng Chi (Chi-hsing) | 耿纪 (季行) | |
| Launched a coup against Cao Cao. Wounded Wang Bi. Executed after his failure. | ||
| Geng Yan | 耿眼 | |
| Kêng Yen | 耿眼 | |
| Historic reference from chapter 43 of Romance of the Three Kingdoms. | ||
| Gong Du | 龔都 | |
| Kung Tu | 龚都 | |
| Joined Liu Bei. Former Yellow Scarve. Killed by Xiahou Yuan at Ru Nan. | ||
| Gongsun Du (Shengji) | 公孫度 (升濟) | |
| Kungsun Tu (Shêng-chi) | 公孙度 (升济) | |
| Established an independent government in Liaodong, expanding against several tribes. | ||
| Gongsun Fan | 公孫範 | |
| Kungsun Fan | 公孙范 | |
| Cousin of Gongsun Zan. Given the seal to the Prefecture of Bo Hai by Yuan Shao. | ||
| Gongsun Fang | 公孫方 | |
| Kungsun Fang | 公孙方 | |
| Studied under Zheng Xuan with his friend Cui Yan. He died young. | ||
| Gongsun Gong | 公孫恭 | |
| Kungsun Kung | 公孙恭 | |
| Advised Kang to kill Yuan Xi and Shang. Impotent and weak, he was deposed by Gongsun Yuan. | ||
| Gongsun Huang | 公孫晃 | |
| Kungsun Huang | 公孙晃 | |
| Sent as hostage to Wei, warned of the likelihood of war. Executed when war did happen. | ||
| Gongsun Kang | 公孫康 | |
| Kungsun K‘ang | 公孙康 | |
| Executed the Yuan sons, extended power in Korea and restored communication with Japan. | ||
| Gongsun Xu | 公孫續 | |
| Kungsun Hsü | 公孙续 | |
| Sent to get help from Zhang Yan and succeeded, later killed by the Xiongnu. | ||
| Gongsun Yang | 公孫陽 | |
| Kung-sun Yang | 公孙阳 | |
| Wu general who was captured during Wei’s invasion via Ruxukou. | ||
Notes: Called Gongsun Yan by Professor Rafe. |
||
| Gongsun Yuan | 公孫淵 | |
| Kungsun Yüan | 公孙渊 | |
| Originally subject to Wei. Declared himself King of Yan, but was executed by Sima Yi. | ||
| Gongsun Yue | 公孫越 | |
| Kungsun Yüeh | 公孙越 | |
| Assassinated by Yuan Shao after a diplomatic mission. Served as envoy to Yuan Shu. | ||
| Gongsun Zan (Bogu) | 公孫瓚 (伯珪) | |
| Kungsun Tsan (Po-ku) | 公孙瓒 (伯珪) | |
| Magistrate of Bei Ping. Fought Yuan Shao. Committed suicide with his family. | ||
| Gou An | 句安 | |
| Kou An | 句安 | |
| Drunkard officer under Li Yan. Beaten for arriving late with supplies, and fled to Wei. | ||
| Gu Tan (Zimo) | 顧譚 (子默) | |
| Ku T‘an (Tzŭ-mo) | 顾谭 (子默) | |
| Advised Sun Deng with Zhuge Ke, Zhang Xiu, and Chen Biao. Exiled as a supporter of Sun He. | ||
| Gu Yong (Yuantan) | 顧雍 (元嘆) | |
| Ku Yung (Yüan-t‘-an) | 顾雍 (元叹) | |
| Studied under Cai Yong. Convinced to join Wu by Zhang Hong. Became Prime Minister. | ||
| Guan Cheng | 管承 | |
| Kuan Ch‘êng | 管承 | |
| Pirate, he was defeated by combined attacks from Li Dian, Yue Jin and Zhang He. | ||
| Guan Gu | 觀鵠 | |
| Kuan Ku | 观鹄 | |
| Commanded the religious bandit group which, after he died, passed to Guo Shi and Zhou Chao. | ||
| Guan Hai | 管亥 | |
| Kuan Hai | 管亥 | |
| Yellow Scarve. Dueled Guan Yu, and was cut down after only a few bouts. | ||
| Guan Jing (Shiqi) | 關靖 (士起) | |
| Kuan Ching (Shih-ch‘i) | 关靖 (士起) | |
| Adviser to Gongsun Zan. Died fighting Yuan Shao’s army at Bei Ping. | ||
| Guan Jun | 灌均 | |
| Kuan Chün | 灌均 | |
| Criticized Cao Zhi for drunkenness and irreverence. | ||
| Guan Lu (Gongming) | 管輅 (公明) | |
| Kuan Lu (Kung-ming) | 管辂 (公明) | |
| A soothsayer able to foresee the coming deaths of others. | ||
| Guan Ning (Youan) | 管寧 (幼安) | |
| Kuan Ning (Yu-an) | 管宁 (幼安) | |
| Former friend of Hua Xin. Tail of “The Dragon”, a group of scholars. Became a hermit. | ||
| Guan Ping | 關平 | |
| Kuan P‘ing | 关平 | |
| Served Shu. Guan Yu’s son (adopted in novel). Executed with Guan Yu by Sun Quan. | ||
| Guan Tong | 關統 | |
| Kuan T‘ung | 关统 | |
| Son of Guan Xing. Succeeded his father’s position as Marquis of Han Shou. | ||
| Guan Tong | 管统 | |
| Kuan T‘ung | 管统 | |
| Asked by Yuan Tan to provide aid on advice of Wang Xiu. Pardoned by Cao Cao in AD 205. | ||
| Guan Xing (Anguo) | 關興 (安國) | |
| Kuan Hsing (An-kuo) | 关兴 (安国) | |
| Son of Guan Yu. Served in Zhuge Liang’s northern campaigns. | ||
| Guan Yi | 關彝 | |
| Kuan I | 关彝 | |
| Son of Guan Xing by concubine. Died fighting Wei troops during Zhong Hui’s rebellion. | ||
| Guan Yu (Yunchang) | 關羽 (雲長) | |
| Kuan Yü (Yün-ch‘ang) | 关羽 (云长) | |
| Sworn brother of Liu Bei and Zhang Fei. First of the Five Tiger Generals. | ||
Notes: Originally styled Changsheng (長生). He is frequently referenced by the honorary title, Guan Gong (關公), or ‘Lord Guan’. Guan Yu appears as Guan Gong or Lord Guan in most novel translations, many historic texts, and modern conversation outside the Three Kingdoms community, and on most merchandise. In religion he is called Saintly Emperor Guan (關聖帝君) or in Buddhism, Sangharama Bodhisattva (伽藍菩薩) (more). |
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| Guan Yiwu (Zhong) | 管夷吾 (仲) | |
| Kuan Iwu (Chung) | 管夷吾 (仲) | |
| Famed prime minister of the state of Qi in the Spring and Autumn period. | ||
| Guanqiu Dian (Zibang) | 毌丘甸 (子邦) | |
| Kuanch‘iu Tien (Tzŭ-pang) | 毌丘甸 (子邦) | |
| Son of Guanqiu Jian, he advised his father to rebel. | ||
| Guanqiu Jian (Zhonggong) | 毌丘儉 (仲恭) | |
| Kuanch‘iu Chien (Chung-kung) | 毌丘俭 (仲恭) | |
| Officer of Wei. Revolted against Sima Shi when he deposed Cao Fang. | ||
Notes: Sometimes mistranslated in Koei games as Wuqiu Jian. |
||
| Guanqiu Xing | 毌丘興 | |
| Kuanch‘iu Hsing | 毌丘兴 | |
| Warned by Cao Cao not to send anyone to the Qiang but ignored the advice. | ||
| Guanqiu Xiu | 毌丘秀 | |
| Kuanch‘iu Hsiu | 毌丘秀 | |
| Younger brother of Guanqiu Dian. | ||
| Guo Huai (Boji) | 郭淮 (伯濟) | |
| Kuo Huai (Po-chi) | 郭淮 (伯济) | |
| Served Wei and fought extensively against Shu. Brother of Guo Pei. Father of Guo Tong. | ||
| Guo Jia (Fengxiao) | 郭嘉 (奉孝) | |
| Kuo Chia (Fêng-hsiao) | 郭嘉 (奉孝) | |
| Served Cao Cao as a trusted adviser during the formative years of Wei. | ||
| Guo Ma | 郭馬 | |
| Kuo Ma | 郭马 | |
| Originally an officer of Wu, Guo Ma revolted in Nanhai. Eventually defeated by Tao Huang. | ||
| Guo Sheng | 郭勝 | |
| Kuo Shêng | 郭胜 | |
| Warned close friend He Jin about Jian Shi’s plot. Killed by Yuan Shao and Cao Cao. | ||
Notes: In the notes section of To Esablish Peace he is referenced with two names from different sources: 1) HHJ25 as Guo Mai; 2) Jiuzhou chunqiu as Lang Sheng. |
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| Guo Shi | 郭石 | |
| Kuo Shih | 郭石 | |
| With Zhou Chao, Ravaged Lingling, Guiyang, and Changsha until destroyed by Sun Jian. | ||
| Guo Si (Duo) | 郭汜 | |
| Kuo Ssŭ (To) | 郭汜 | |
| Served Dong Zhuo. Later took control of the imperial court with Li Jue. | ||
Notes: Guo Si is sometimes called Guo Duo, a name that is listed as an alternate personal name in a few different sources. |
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| Guo Tu (Gongze) | 郭圖 (公則) | |
| Kuo T‘u (Kung-tsê) | 郭图 (公则) | |
| Vassal of Yuan Shao. Supported Yuan Tan as Shao’s successor. | ||
| Guo Yi (Boyi) | 郭奕 (伯益) | |
| Kuo I (Po-i) | 郭奕 (伯益) | |
| Son of Guo Jia, became Imperial Tutor. Well educated. | ||
| Guo Youzhi (Yanchang) | 郭攸之 (演長) | |
| Kuo Yuchih (Yen-ch‘ang) | 郭攸之 (演长) | |
| Described by Zhuge Liang as loyal and honest, advised Liu Shan on palace matters. | ||
| Guo Yuan | 郭援 | |
| Kuo Yüan | 郭援 | |
| Yuan Shang general. Zhong Yao’s sister’s son. Slain by Pang De at Pingyang. | ||
| Guo Yuan (Zini) | 國淵 (子尼) | |
| Kuo Yüan (Tzŭ-ni) | 国渊 (子尼) | |
| Student of Zheng Xuan who described Zini as a state treasure. Impressed with honest counsel. | ||
| Han ? (Shiyuan) | 韓? (士元) | |
| Han ? (Shih-yuan) | 韩? (士元) | |
| Noted by Chen Shou that no name, achievements or place of origin were available. | ||
| Han Dang (Yigong) | 韓當 (義公) | |
| Han Tang (I-kung) | 韩当 (义公) | |
| Veteran general in service to the Sun family. Served three generations. | ||
| Han Fan | 韓范 | |
| Han Fan | 韩范 | |
| Feigned surrender to Cao Cao but was persuaded by Xu Huang to genuinely surrender. | ||
| Han Fu (Wenjie) | 韓馥 (文節) | |
| Han Fu (Wên-chieh) | 韩馥 (文节) | |
| Surrendered to Yuan Shao but was abused. Fled to Zhang Miao and later committed suicide. | ||
| Han Hao (Yuansi) | 韓浩 (元嗣) | |
| Han Hao (Yüan-ssŭ) | 韩浩 (元嗣) | |
| Rescued Xiahou Dun from being held hostage. Supported the farm reforms. | ||
| Han Ji (Gongzi) | 韓暨 (公至) | |
| Han Chi (Kung-tzŭ) | 韩暨 (公至) | |
| Sent by Cao Rui to tell Cao Zhen not to give battle against Zhuge Liang. | ||
| Han Song (Degao) | 韓嵩 (德高) | |
| Han Sung (Tê-kao) | 韩嵩 (德高) | |
| A tactician of Liu Biao, he served as one of Biao’s ministers. | ||
| Han Sui (Wenyue) | 韓遂 (文約) | |
| Han Sui (Wên-yüeh) | 韩遂 (文约) | |
| Worked with Ma Chao, before defecting to Cao Cao. Lost his hand to Ma Chao. | ||
| Han Xian | 韓暹 | |
| Han Hsien | 韩暹 | |
| White Wave Rebel. Helped Emperor Xian. Served Yuan Shu, Lü Bu. Killed by Bei’s men. | ||
| Han Xin | 韓信 | |
| Han Hsin | 韩信 | |
| Reknowned commander who served Xiang Yu and later Liu Bang. Rose from a childhood of destitution. | ||
| Han Xuan | 韓玄 | |
| Han Hsüan | 韩玄 | |
| Magistrate of Changsha. Wei Yan killed him and surrendered to Liu Bei. | ||
| Han Xun (Juzi) | 韩荀 (莒子) | |
| Han Hsün (Chü-tzŭ) | 韓荀 (莒子) | |
| Cavalry officer at Wuchao, beheaded by Cao Cao. | ||
Notes: ‘Han Juzi’ in the online Brewitt-Taylor translation. |
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| Han Yin | 韓胤 | |
| Han Yin | 韩胤 | |
| Sent by Yuan Shu to Lü Bu as a messenger for marriage, and later executed. | ||
| Han Zhong | 韓忠 | |
| Han Chung | 韩忠 | |
| Yellow Scarf officer. Fought with Zhu Jun and Liu Bei at Wan, but was killed. | ||
| Hao Meng | 郝萌 | |
| Hao Mêng | 郝萌 | |
| Served under Lü Bu. Helped fight Cao Cao at Puyang in AD 164. | ||
| Hao Zhao (Bodao) | 郝昭 (伯道) | |
| Hao Chao (Po-tao) | 郝昭 (伯道) | |
| A talented officer of Wei. Successfully defended against Zhuge Liang at Chencang. | ||
| Hao Zhou (Kongyi) | 浩周 | |
| Hao Chou (K‘ung-i) | 浩周 | |
| Captured at Fan, he would later assure Cao Pi that Sun Quan would keep his promise. | ||
| He Ceng (Yingkao) | 何曾 (穎考) | |
| Ho Ts‘êng (Ying-k‘-ao) | 何曾 (颖考) | |
| Son of He Kui, became Minister over the Masses. | ||
| He Jin (Suigao) | 何進 (遂高) | |
| Ho Chin (Sui-kao) | 何进 (遂高) | |
| Grand Administrator in the Han courts, but was assassinated by the eunuchs. | ||
| He Jing | 賀景 | |
| Ho Ching | 贺景 | |
| Served Wu. Son of He Qi. Strict but kind. Died young. | ||
| He Kui (Shulong) | 何夔 (叔龍) | |
| Ho K‘uei (Shu-lung) | 何夔 (叔龙) | |
| Claimed Yuan Shu lacked support if he declared himself Emperor. Noted for proper behaviour. | ||
| He Man | 何曼 | |
| Ho Man | 何曼 | |
| Nicknamed ‘The Shooting Devil’ in novel. Yellow Scarves commander. Executed by Cao Cao. | ||
| He Miao | 何苗 | |
| Ho Miao | 何苗 | |
| Empress He’s older half-brother. Later assassinated by Dong Zhuo. | ||
Notes: Was born Zhu Miao. |
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| He Qi (Gongmiao) | 賀齊 (公苗) | |
| Ho Ch‘i (Kung-miao) | 贺齐 (公苗) | |
| Served Wu, first under Sun Ce. Became governor of Xuzhou. Father of He Da. | ||
| He Shao | 賀邵 | |
| Ho Shao | 贺邵 | |
| Grandson of He Qi. Son of He Jing. Unrecorded in history aside from his name. | ||
| He Xi (Mengsun) | 何熙 | |
| Ho Hsi (Mêng-sun) | 何熙 | |
| Noted for height, died of sickness after successfully fighting tribes. | ||
| He Xia (Yangshi) | 和洽 (陽士) | |
| Ho Hsia (Yang-shih) | 和洽 (阳士) | |
| Rescued Mao Jie from jail but unable to restore his rank. Supported Cao Pi’s succession and ascension. | ||
Notes: Also known as He Qia. Appears as He He in the Brewitt-Taylor edition of Romance of the Three Kingdoms. |
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| He Yan (Pingshu) | 何晏 (平叔) | |
| Ho Yen (P‘ing-shu) | 何晏 (平叔) | |
| Was a trusted friend of Cao Shuang, a leading writer and philosopher. Took drugs. | ||
| He Yi | 何儀 | |
| Ho I | 何仪 | |
| Yellow Scarves commander. Captured Runan after the Yellow Scarves rebellion. | ||
| He Yong (Boqiu) | 何颙 (伯求) | |
| Ho Yong (Po-ch‘iu) | 何顒 (伯求) | |
| Recognised Cao Cao and Xun Yu as men who could deal with the troubles. | ||
Notes: Known name is He Yu (何禺) in SGYY. |
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| He Zhen (Yuangan) | 何楨 (元幹) | |
| Ho Chên (Yüan-kan) | 何桢 (元幹) | |
| Father of Empress He, became General of Chariots and Cavalry. | ||
| He Zhi | 何植 | |
| Ho Chih | 何植 | |
| Grandson of He Qi. Son of He Da. Sun Hao’s Minister of the Interior. | ||
| Queen Himiko | 卑彌呼 | |
| Name is Japanese | N/A | |
| Queen Himiko was the female ruler of pre-Japan’s Yamatai region. Contacted Wei in AD 238. | ||
Notes: Sometime also called Pimiku or Pimiko. Precise pronunciation of her name is unknown as the kanji of her name were written prior to mid-20th century kanji reforms. Himiko may be a Chinese corruption of himemiko (princess priestess or lady shaman), which translates to ‘Sun Child’. |
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| Hou Cheng | 侯成 | |
| Hou Ch‘êng | 侯成 | |
| Cavalry commander under Lü Bu. Defected to Cao Cao. | ||
| Hou Lan | 侯覽 | |
| Hou Lan | 侯览 | |
| One of the Ten Regular Attendants. Tried to make off with Emperor Shao. | ||
| Hou Xuan | 侯選 | |
| Hou Hsüan | 侯选 | |
| One of Han Sui’s Eight Knights. Surrendered to Cao Cao along with Han Sui. | ||
| Hou Yin | 侯音 | |
| Hou Yin | 侯音 | |
| Led a revolt in Wan, capturing Dongli Gun but was defeated by Cao Ren. | ||
| Hu Che’er | 胡赤兒 | |
| Hu Ch‘ê–êrh | 胡赤儿 | |
| Advisor to Niu Fu. He betrayed him and sided with Lü Bu, who executed him. | ||
Notes: Hu Che’er is frequently confused with Hu Juer of Zhang Xiu, but they are, indeed, separate people. Hu Che’er’s name is sometimes typed with or without an apostrophe (Che’er or Cheer), and at times with a hypen instead (Che-er). To complicate matters further, sometimes his name is mistranslated as ‘Chi’er’, with all the according grammatical variations. |
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| Hu Chong | 胡沖 | |
| Hu Ch‘ung | 胡冲 | |
| Persuaded Sun Hao not to commit suicide but to surrender to Jin instead. | ||
Notes: Also appears sometimes as Hu Zhong. |
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| Hu Fen (Xuanwei) | 胡奮 (玄威) | |
| Hu Fên (Hsüan-wei) | 胡奋 (玄威) | |
| Killed Zhuge Dan of Wu. Advised Du Yu to wait before attacking Jianye. | ||
| Hu Ji (Weidu) | 胡濟 (偉度) | |
| Hu Chi (Wei-tu) | 胡济 (伟度) | |
| Based in Hanshou, went to Chengdu to get help to repel Wei’s invasion. | ||
| Hu Juer | 胡車兒 | |
| Hu Chüêrh | 胡车儿 | |
| Served Zhang Xiu. Stole Dian Wei’s weapons as part of Jia Xu’s plan to defeat Cao Cao. | ||
Notes: Ju1 is the former pronunciation of 車, which is now pronounced Che1. We hold true to the standard set by Moss Roberts and others, using the old pronunciation for an old historical figure. Besides, it helps to alleviate confusion between him and Hu Che’er of Niu Fu. |
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| Hu Lie (Wuxuan) | 胡烈 (武玄) | |
| Hu Lieh (Wu-hsüan) | 胡烈 (武玄) | |
| Took part in invasion of Shu, got former a vassal to warn his son about Zhong Hui’s revolt. | ||
| Hu Miao | 胡邈 | |
| Hu Miao | 胡邈 | |
| Privy counselor to Emperor Xian. Tried to calm an angry Huangfu Li to protect him. | ||
| Hu Shou | 壺壽 | |
| Hu Shou | 壶寿 | |
| Governor of Jizhou. Formed an alliance with Poison Yu. Defeated and executed by Yuan Shao. | ||
| Hu Yuan (Shiyuan) | 胡淵 (世元) | |
| Hu Yüan (Shih-yüan) | 胡渊 (世元) | |
| Son of Hu Lie, his army killed Zhong Hui and defeated Jiang Wei’s revolt. | ||
| Hu Zhen (Wencai) | 胡軫 (文才) | |
| Hu Chên (Wên-ts‘ai) | 胡轸 (文才) | |
| He led 5,000 men against Sun Jian but was killed by Cheng Pu after a few bouts. | ||
| Hu Zhi (Wende) | 胡質 (文德) | |
| Hu Chih (Wên-tê) | 胡质 (文德) | |
| Governor of Dongwan, took part in Cao Xiu’s invasion of Wu. | ||
| Hu Zong (Weize) | 胡綜 (偉則) | |
| Hu Tsung (Wei-tse) | 胡綜 (偉則) | |
| Joined Sun Ce as a refugee, noted scholar for his liteary achievements. | ||
| Hu Zun | 胡遵 | |
| Hu Tsun | 胡遵 | |
| Led the van against Gongsun Yuan then led the van in an invasion of Wu’s Dongxing. | ||
| Hua He (Yongxian) | 華覈 (永先) | |
| Hua Ho (Yung-hsien) | 华覈 (永先) | |
| Told Sun Hao not to attack but to gain the love of the people. Left court bemoaning Wu’s fate. | ||
Notes: Incorrectly translated in the Brewitt-Taylor edition as Hua Jiao. |
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| Hua Tuo (Yuanhua) | 華佗 (元化) | |
| Hua T‘o (Yüan-hua) | 华佗 (元化) | |
| A famous doctor from the Three Kingdoms period. Killed trying to avoid treating Cao Cao. | ||
| Hua Xin (Ziyu) | 華歆 (子魚) | |
| Hua Hsin (Tzŭ-yü) | 华歆 (子鱼) | |
| Head of “The Dragon”, a group of three scholars. Promoted Emperor Xian’s abdication. | ||
| Hua Xiong | 華雄 | |
| Hua Hsiung | 华雄 | |
| Brave general in service to Dong Zhuo. Died in battle with Sun Jian. | ||
Notes: Usually Hua is pronounced Hua2, but in the case of a Surname, is pronounced Hua4, hence Hua4 in the audio file. |
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| Huan Fan (Yuanze) | 桓範 (元則) | |
| Huan Fan (Yüan-tsê) | 桓范 (元则) | |
| Known as “Bag of Wisdom”, his advice was not heeded by Cao Shuang. Jailed by Sima Yi. | ||
| Huan Jie (Boxu) | 桓階 (伯緒) | |
| Huan Chieh (Po-hsü) | 桓阶 (伯绪) | |
| Negotiated the return of Sun Jian’s body. Involved with Xian’s abdication. | ||
Notes: ‘Huan Jie’ 桓階 in novel chapters 7 and 8; ‘Huan Ji’ in the online Brewitt-Taylor edition chapters 7 and 8. ‘Huan Jie’ (桓楷) in chapters 79 and 80. We recognize them as the same person; see ‘Fact vs. Fiction’ for more information. |
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| Huan Shao | 桓邵 | |
| Huan Shao | 桓邵 | |
| Belittled Cao Cao, fled south when Cao Cao became powerful. Shi Xie sent him back and Cao Cao executed Shao. | ||
| Huang Chengyan | 黃承彦 | |
| Huang Ch‘êngyen | 黄承彦 | |
| Father of Zhuge Liang’s wife. A prominent scholar of the Later Han Dynasty. | ||
Notes: Incorrectly referenced as Huang Chenyan (承 [Cheng2] as ‘Chen’) in many sites, biographies, and in some Brewitt-Taylor translations. |
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| Huang Chong | 黃崇 | |
| Huang Ch‘ung | 黄崇 | |
| Advised Zhuge Zhan to seize the high ground but was ignored. Killed by his soldiers. | ||
| Huang Gai (Gongfu) | 黃蓋 (公覆) | |
| Huang Kai (Kung-fu) | 黄盖 (公覆) | |
| Veteran general in Wu. Came up with the “Bitter Meat Plan” for Chibi. | ||
| Huang Hao | 黃皓 | |
| Huang Hao | 黄皓 | |
| Eunuch in service to Liu Shan. His advice helped to destroy Shu. | ||
| Huang Hua | 黃華 | |
| Huang Hua | 黄华 | |
| Warlord of Jiuquan, due to the death of another warlord, he surrendered to Wei. | ||
| Huang Quan (Gongheng) | 黃權 (公衡) | |
| Huang Ch‘üan (Kung-hêng) | 黄权 (公衡) | |
| Served Liu Zhang and later Liu Bei. Surrendered to Wei out of necessity. | ||
| Huang Shao | 黃邵 | |
| Huang Shao | 黄邵 | |
| Yellow Scarves commander. Served with He Yi and He Man. Executed by Cao Cao. | ||
Notes: In the novel, Sanguo yanyi, the Chinese characters used for Huang Shao’s name are huang2 shao4 黃劭. In Sanguozhi, the Chinese characters are huang2 shao4 黃邵. We have chosen to use the historic rendering. |
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| Huang She | 黃射 | |
| Huang Shê | 黄射 | |
| Defeated at Shaxian, then lost at Xiakou, friend of Mi Heng. Fate unsure. | ||
| Huang Xu | 黃敘 | |
| Huang Hsü | 黄叙 | |
| Served Shu. Huang Zhong’s son, died young without children. | ||
| Huang Yong | 黃邕 | |
| Huang Yung | 黄邕 | |
| Son of Huang Quan, who served Liu Zhang then Shu. Died without issue. | ||
| Huang Yuan | 黃元 | |
| Huang Yüan | 黄元 | |
| When Liu Bei became ill after Yiling, he rebelled. Defeated by Chen Hu. | ||
| Huang Yueying | 黃月英 | |
| Huang Yüehying | 黄月英 | |
| Zhuge Liang’s wife. Huang Chengyan’s daughter. Was very smart, but not beautiful. | ||
| Huang Zhong (Hansheng) | 黃忠 (漢升) | |
| Huang Chung (Han-shêng) | 黄忠 (汉升) | |
| Joined Liu Bei after Han Xuan’s defeat. One of the Five Tiger Generals. | ||
| Huang Zhu | 黃柱 | |
| Huang Chu | 黃柱 | |
| Employed at Guiyang. Chen Shou recorded that most other information had been lost. | ||
| Huang Zu | 黃祖 | |
| Huang Tsu | 黄祖 | |
| Served under Liu Biao. Later killed by Gan Ning at Xiakou. | ||
| Huangfu Kai | 皇甫闓 | |
| Huangfu K‘ai | 皇甫闓 | |
| Officer of Wei and, later, Jin. Joined Zhong Hui in his conquest of Hanzhong. | ||
| Huangfu Li | 皇甫酈 | |
| Huangfu Li | 皇甫郦 | |
| Served Emperor Xian. Charged with making peace between Li Jue and Guo Si. | ||
| Huangfu Song (Yizhen) | 皇甫嵩 (義真) | |
| Huangfu Sung (I-chên) | 皇甫嵩 (义真) | |
| Imperial Commander under Han. Fought heavily against the Yellow Turban Rebellion. | ||
| Huchuquan | 呼廚泉 | |
| Huch‘uch‘üan | 呼厨泉 | |
| Helped Gao Gan against Zhong Yao then kept hostage by Wei after 216. Title died with him. | ||
| Humu Ban (Jipi) | 胡母班 (季皮) | |
| Humu Pan (Chi-p‘i) | 胡母班 (季皮) | |
| Sent by Dong Zhuo to pursuade Yuan Shao to lay down his arms. Executed by Wang Kuang. | ||
Notes: Hou Han shu records his style as Jiyou. SGZ: Yuan Shao. |
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| Huo Du | 霍篤 | |
| Huo Tu | 霍笃 | |
| Had a few hundred followers, he died young and his brother inherited his troops. | ||
| Huo Jun (Zhongmiao) | 霍峻 (仲邈) | |
| Huo Chün (Chung-miao) | 霍峻 (仲邈) | |
| Held Jiameng against Liu Zhang’s generals before his countering and defeating them. | ||
| Huo Nu | 霍奴 | |
| Huo Nu | 霍奴 | |
| Killed the Inspector of Youzhou and Governor of Zhuojun. Defeated and executed by Cao Cao. | ||
| Huo Xing | 霍性 | |
| Huo Hsing | 霍性 | |
| Petitioned against Cao Pi’s inspection of the south. Tortured and executed before Pi changed his mind. | ||
| Huo Yi (Shaoxian) | 霍弋 (紹先) | |
| Huo I (Shao-hsien) | 霍弋 (绍先) | |
| Son of Huo Jun, was concerned about lack of defences at Chengdu. | ||
| Qi Ji | 戚寄 | |
| Ch‘i Chi | 戚寄 | |
| Persuaded by Liu Fu to defect around the year 197. | ||
| Ji Kang (Shuye) | 嵇康 (叔夜) | |
| Chi K‘ang (Shu-yeh) | 嵇康 (叔夜) | |
| One of the Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove. He was exeuted by Sima Zhao. | ||
Notes: Sometimes translated incorrectly as Xi Kang. |
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| Ji Ling | 紀靈 | |
| Chi Ling | 纪灵 | |
| Served under Yuan Shu. A fierce warrior who was killed by Zhang Fei. | ||
| Ji Miao (Wenran) | 吉邈 (文然) | |
| Chi Miao (Wên-jan) | 吉邈 (文然) | |
| Son of Ji Ping. Joined Geng Ji’s coup to avenge his father but was killed in the fighting. | ||
Notes: Ji Miao sometimes appears as Ji Mao. The correct translation of 邈 is Miao. |
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| Ji Mu (Siran) | 吉穆 (思然) | |
| Chi Mu (Ssŭ-jan) | 吉穆 (思然) | |
| Son of Ji Ping. Fled the capital but returned secretly. Died in Geng Ji’s coup. | ||
| Ji Ping | 吉平 | |
| Chi P‘ing | 吉平 | |
| Court physician from Luoyang. Forced to commit suicide by Cao Cao. | ||
Notes: Also referenced by the name Chi T’ai in the Brewitt-Taylor translation. Called Ji Ben in SGZ and ZZTJ. |
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| Ji Shao | 嵇绍 | |
| Chi Shao | 嵇绍 | |
| Son of Ji Kang. Nominated to office after his father’s death by Shan Tao. | ||
Notes: Sometimes translated incorrectly as Xi Shao. |
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| Jia Chong (Gonglü) | 賈充 (公閭) | |
| Chia Ch‘ung (Kung-lü) | 贾充 (公闾) | |
| Suggested usurpation of the throne to Sima Yan and opposed invasion of Wu. | ||
| Jia Hua | 賈華 | |
| Chia Hua | 贾华 | |
| Officer of Wu. Guarded Sun Quan at the battle of Hefei. | ||
| Jia Kui (Liangdao) | 賈逵 (梁道) | |
| Chia K‘uei (Liang-tao) | 贾逵 (梁道) | |
| Served as strategist to Cao Xiu, seeing through Zhou Fang’s plot. | ||
| Jia Xin | 賈信 | |
| Chia Hsin | 贾信 | |
| Left to guard Liyang while Cao Cao went to fight Liu Biao. Defeated two rebels. | ||
| Jia Xu (Wenhe) | 賈詡 (文和) | |
| Chia Hsü (Wên-ho) | 贾诩 (文和) | |
| Skillful advisor. Served Dong Zhuo, Li Jue, Guo Si, Zhang Xiu, then Cao Cao. | ||
Notes: Jia Xu is pronounced Jia2 Xu3 because of the 3rd tone preceeding the second in his normal given name. His name and style name should be pronounced and said as “Jia3 Wen2 He2”, not “Jia2 Wen2 He2” |
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| Jian Shuo | 蹇碩 | |
| Chien Shuo | 蹇硕 | |
| One of the Ten Regular Attendants. Killed by fellow eunuch Guo Sheng. | ||
Notes: The character 碩 can also be translated as Shi and in some academic sources this is considered to be the standard translation (e.g. anything by Rafe de Crespigny). We are using Jian Shuo because that is the most commonly used Romanization. |
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| Jian Yong (Xianhe) | 簡雍 (憲和) | |
| Chien Yung (Hsien-ho) | 简雍 (宪和) | |
| Originally served Tao Qian. Persuaded Liu Zhang to surrender to Liu Bei. | ||
Notes: Jian Yong’s family name may have originally been ‘Geng’ (耿), but in the Youzhou dialect ‘Geng’ it was pronounced ‘Jian’, so he changed it. |
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| Jiang Ban | 蔣班 | |
| Chiang Pan | 蒋班 | |
| Advised Zhuge Dan to force a battle to escape but was rejected. Surrendered to Wei. | ||
| Jiang Bin | 蔣斌 | |
| Chiang Pin | 蒋斌 | |
| Served Shu as a general under Liu Shan. Later surrendered to Zhong Hui. | ||
| Jiang Gan (Ziyi) | 蔣幹 (子翼) | |
| Chiang Kan (Tzŭ-i) | 蒋干 (子翼) | |
| Friend of Zhou Yu, he was sent to spy on Wu but was tricked, helping to cause Wei’s defeat at Chibi. | ||
| Jiang Gong | 江宫 | |
| Chiang Kung | 江宫 | |
| Bandit who was defeated and killed by Li Tong. | ||
| Jiang Ji (Zitong) | 蔣濟 (子通) | |
| Chiang Chi (Tzŭ-t‘ung) | 蒋济 (子通) | |
| Advised against moving the capital when Guan Yu attacked. Helped Sima Yi deal with Cao Shuang. | ||
Notes: Known as Drunkard Jiang in his early days. Also known as Master Jiang for the works he wrote. |
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| Jiang Qin (Gongyi) | 蔣欽 (公奕) | |
| Chiang Ch‘in (Kung-i) | 蒋钦 (公奕) | |
| Led the volunteer forces that joined Sun Ce in the battle of Qu’e. | ||
| Jiang Shi | 蔣石 | |
| Chiang Shih | 蒋石 | |
| Local leader, sent Han Sui’s head to Cao Cao. May have killed Han Sui. | ||
| Jiang Shu | 蔣舒 | |
| Chiang Shu | 蒋舒 | |
| Jiang Wei highly prized his talent, was disgruntled and defected in Wei’s invasion. | ||
| Jiang Wan (Gongyan) | 蔣琬 (公琰) | |
| Chiang Wan (Kung-yen) | 蒋琬 (公琰) | |
| Served Shu starting with the Yi invasion. Trusted and influential. Died as Regent. | ||
| Jiang Wei (Boyue) | 姜維 (伯約) | |
| Chiang Wei (Po-yüeh) | 姜维 (伯约) | |
| Served Shu as Minister of War, eventually inheriting Zhuge Liang’s responsibilities. | ||
| Jiang Xian | 蔣顯 | |
| Chiang Hsien | 蒋显 | |
| Sent by Liu Shan to order Jiang Wei to surrender. | ||
| Jiang Xu (Boyi) | 姜敘 (伯奕) | |
| Chiang Hsü (Po-i) | 姜叙 (伯奕) | |
| Helped to drive out Ma Chao, but Ma Chao killed his mother, defeated Ma Chao again later on. | ||
| Jiang Yiqu | 蔣義渠 | |
| Chiang Ich‘ü | 蒋义渠 | |
| Officer of Yuan Shao. Comforted Yuan Shao after his defeat at Guandu. | ||
| Jiang Ziya [Lü Wang] (Ziya) | 姜子牙[呂望] (子牙) | |
| Chiang Tzŭya [Lü Wang] (Tzŭ-ya) | 姜子牙[吕望] (子牙) | |
| Zhou Dynasty. Legendary historical figure. Resided by the Weishu River 3,000 years ago. | ||
Notes: Lü Wang is most commonly referred to as ‘Jiang Ziya’ a combination of his ancestral name, Jiang (姓), and his style name, Ziya (子牙). ‘Lü Wang’ in Romance of the Three Kingdoms. ‘Jiang Ziya’ in Warriors Orochi 2. |
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| Jiao Chu | 焦觸 | |
| Chiao Ch‘u | 焦触 | |
| Served Yuan Xi with Zhang Nan. Betrayed to Cao Cao. Killed by Han Dang at Chibi. | ||
| Jiao Jiao (Jiao Zhengqiang) | 焦矯(焦征羌) | |
| Chiao Chiao (Chiao Chêngch‘iang) | 焦矫(焦征羌) | |
| Head of a powerful family in Runan. Treated Bu Zhi poorly when he came for aid. | ||
Notes: Jiao Jiao, as Magistrate of Zhengqiang, also became known as Jiao Zhengqiang (as such you may see him referenced by this name). The name Qiao has also been associated with him and we are attempting to source it. |
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| Jiao Yi | 焦彝 | |
| Chiao I | 焦彝 | |
| Advisor of Zhuge Dun, slipped over the walls and surrendered to Wei. | ||
| Yin Ji (Jibo) | 伊籍 (機伯) | |
| Yin Chi (Chi-po) | 伊籍 (机伯) | |
| Received favour comparable to Mi Zhu, helped compile the administrative code. | ||
Notes: ‘Yi Ji’ in novel translations and games. ’伊’, Romanized, is Yin, as is the case in Rafe de Crespigny’s works and is the standard Romanization of other instances in names. As such, Yin Ji instead of Ji Yi [Wade-Giles: I Chi]. |
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| Jin Shang | 金尚 | |
| Chin Shang | 金尚 | |
| Imperial Protector of Yangzhou. Executed after declining office from Yuan Shu. | ||
| Jin Xuan (Yuanji) | 金旋 (元機) | |
| Chin Hsüan (Yüan-chi) | 金旋 (元机) | |
| Served as Governor of Wuling. Defeated by Zhang Fei. | ||
Notes: Called Jin Shun in Liu Bei’s SGZ. |
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| Jin Yi (Deyi) | 金祎 (德禕) | |
| Chin I (Tê-i) | 金禕 (德祎) | |
| Descendant of Jin Midi. Advised Geng Ji on killing Wang Bi. Died fighting in the coup. | ||
Notes: May also have been Jin Wei, son of Jin Shang. |
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| Ju Gu | 沮鵠 | |
| Chü Ku | 沮鹄 | |
| Maintained Handan. Defeated by Zhang Liao and shot while fleeing. | ||
Notes: Appears in some Koei games, and a few other sources, as Ju Hu. |
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| Ju Guang | 鞠光 | |
| Chü Kuang | 鞠光 | |
| Rebelled against Wei in Xiping, but was killed by his own followers. | ||
| Ju Shou | 沮授 | |
| Chü Shou | 沮授 | |
| Urged caution when attacking Cao Cao but was ignored and demoted. | ||
| Kan Ze (Derun) | 闞澤 (德潤) | |
| K‘an Tsê (Tê-jun) | 闞泽 (德润) | |
| Delivered Huang Gai’s false letter of defection to Cao Cao. | ||
| King Kebineng | 軻比能大王 | |
| King K‘opinêng | 轲比能大王 | |
| Unifier of the Xianbei tribe. Fought often with Wei until he was assassinated. | ||
Notes: You may also see him as Kebinang, Ke Binang, Kebe Neng, Kebe Nang, etc. |
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| King Shamoke | 沙摩柯大王 | |
| King Shamok‘o | 沙摩柯大王 | |
| Originally a tribal leader, he helped Liu Bei at Yiling but died fighting Wu. | ||
| Kong Rong (Wenju) | 孔融 (文舉) | |
| K‘ung Jung (Wên-chü) | 孔融 (文举) | |
| A famed scholar who did not always get on with his lords. One of the Seven Masters. | ||
| Kong Shang | 孔尚 | |
| K‘ung Shang | 孔尚 | |
| Great-great-grandfather of Kong Rong, who served Wei. | ||
| Kong Xian | 孔羨 | |
| K’ung Hsien | 孔羡 | |
| Descendant of Confucius who was enfeoffed by Cao Pi for the purpose of offering sacrifice to Confucius. | ||
| Kong Yu (Shiyuan) | 孔昱 (世元) | |
| K‘ung Yü (Shih-yüan) | 孔昱 (世元) | |
| One of the Eight Paragons of Jiangxia. Scholar who took a moral line on when to serve. | ||
Notes: Also known as Kong Yi (Yi4 翊). Styled Shiyuan or Yuanshi (Yuan4shi4 元世). |
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| Kong Zhou (Jijiang) | 孔宙 | |
| K‘ung Chou (Chi-chiang) | 孔宙 | |
| Father of Kong Rong and Kong Bao. Steele was set up on his death. | ||
| Kong Zhou (Gongxu) | 孔伷 (公緒) | |
| K‘ung Chou (Kung-hsü) | 孔伷 (公绪) | |
| Known for his eloquent way of speaking. He joined alliance against Dong Zhuo. | ||
Notes: Sometimes you can find his name incorrectly translated as Kong You2. |
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| Kuai Liang (Zirou) | 蒯良 (子柔) | |
| K‘uai Liang (Tzŭ-jou) | 蒯良 (子柔) | |
| Adviser of Liu Biao. Came up with the plan that resulted in Sun Jian’s death. | ||
| Kuai Qi | 蒯祺 | |
| K‘uai Ch‘i | 蒯祺 | |
| Governor of Fangling. Killed by Meng Da’s troops. Supposedly related to Kuai Yue. | ||
| Kuai Yue (Yidu) | 蒯越 (異度) | |
| K‘uai Yüeh (I-tu) | 蒯越 (异度) | |
| Younger brother of Kuai Liang. Became a vassal of Wei when Cao Cao took Jing. | ||
| Lü You | 呂由 | |
| Lü Yu | 吕由 | |
| Officer of Tao Qian. Defeated by Cao Ren when Cao Cao attacked Xuzhou. | ||
| Lady Bao | 鮑夫人 | |
| Lady Pao | 鲍夫人 | |
| Mother of Bao Chu. She lived more than 100 years. | ||
| Lady Bu [Bu Lianshi] | 步夫人[步練師] | |
| Lady Pu [Pu Lienshih] | 步夫人[步练师] | |
| Lian Shi in Dynasty Warriors 7. Made Empress upon her death, was noted for not being jealous. | ||
Notes: Lian Shi (步夫人) in Dynasty Warriors 7. Also Bu Lianshi (步練師). |
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| Lady Ding | 丁夫人 | |
| Lady Ting | 丁夫人 | |
| Cao Cao’s first wife, she blamed him for Cao Ang’s death and they divorced. | ||
| Lady Dong | 董夫人 | |
| Lady Tung | 董夫人 | |
| Arrested and executed due to her father’s plots against Cao Cao despite being pregnant. | ||
| Lady Du | 杜夫人 | |
| Lady Tu | 杜夫人 | |
| Married to Qin Yulu, her beauty caught the eye of Guan Yu. Cao Cao got her instead. | ||
Notes: Du Shi in Romance of the Three Kingdoms XI. |
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| Lady Liu | 劉夫人 | |
| Lady Liu | 刘夫人 | |
| Yuan Shao’s wife. Mother of Yuan Shang. | ||
| Lady Mi | 糜夫人 | |
| Lady Mi | 糜夫人 | |
| Consort of Liu Bei. Mi Zhu’s sister. Took her own life so Zhao Yun could save Liu Shan. | ||
| Lady Pan | 潘夫人 | |
| Lady P‘an | 潘夫人 | |
| Wife of Sun Quan, the Lord of Wu. Was a native of Juzhang in Kuaiji. | ||
| Lady Sun [Sun Shangxiang] | 孫妃[孫尚香] | |
| Lady Sun [Sun Shanghsiang] | 孙妃[孙尚香] | |
| Sun Quan’s sister. Married to Liu Bei by Sun Quan, but later returned to Wu. | ||
Notes: Sun Shangxiang is Lady Sun’s name in most Koei Games. ‘Sun Ren’ (孫仁) in the seventh chapter of Romance of the Three Kingdoms (learn more; not a duplicate mention of Sun Lang). Also appears as Sun Li at times. Both Sun Ren and Sun Li are incorrect and have no bearing on her true name, which is unknown. |
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| Lady Sun | 孫夫人 | |
| Lady Sun | 孙夫人 | |
| Daughter of Sun Ce. Wife of Lu Xun. Her marriage bonded the Lu and Sun families. | ||
Notes: Sun Shi in Koei’s Romance of the Three Kingdoms. |
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| Lady Tang Ji | 唐姫夫人 | |
| Lady T‘ang Chi | 唐姫夫人 | |
| Favorite concubine of Liu Bian, danced for him as he died. Daughter of Tang Mao. | ||
Notes: ‘Lady Tang’ in various translations of the novel. |
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| Lady Wang | 王夫人 | |
| Lady Wang | 王夫人 | |
| Second only to Madam Bu, Sun Luban slandered her to death. | ||
Notes: Lady Wang of Langya. Not to be confused with Lady Wang of Nanyang. |
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| Lady Wang | 王夫人 | |
| Lady Wang | 王夫人 | |
| Wife of Sun Quan, the Lord of Wu. Mother of Sun Xiu. Was a native of Nanyang. | ||
Notes: Lady Wang of Nanyang. Not to be confused with Lady Wang of Langya. |
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| Lady Wang | 王夫人 | |
| Lady Wang | 王夫人 | |
| Mother of Liu Xie (Emperor Xian). Concubine to Emperor Ling. Poisoned by Empress He. | ||
| Lady Wu | 夫人吳 | |
| Lady Wu | 夫人吴 | |
| Mother of Sun Quan and Sun Ce. Wife to Sun Jian. Endorsed marriage of lady Sun. | ||
| Lady Xi Shi | 西施夫人 | |
| Lady Hsi Shih | 西施夫人 | |
| Spring and Autumn Period. One of the Four Beauties of Ancient China. Lived in Zhuji, capital of Yue. | ||
| Xiahou Lingnü | 夏侯令女 | |
| Hsiahou Lingnü | 夏侯夏侯 | |
| Married to Cao Wenshu, a relative of Cao Shuang, mutilated herself rather then marry again. | ||
| Lady Xu | 夫人徐 | |
| Lady Hsü | 夫人徐 | |
| Wife of Sun Quan, the Lord of Wu. Was a native of Fuchun in Wu Commandary. | ||
| Lady Yang | 楊夫人 | |
| Lady Yang | 杨夫人 | |
| Admired Wang Yi so convinced Ma Chao to trust Zhao Ang. Ang’s revolt led to her death. | ||
Notes: Yang Shi in Romance of the Three Kingdoms XI. |
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| Lady Zou | 鄒氏 | |
| Lady Tsou | 邹氏 | |
| Former wife of Zhang Ji. Caught Cao Cao’s fancy while staying with Zhang Xiu. | ||
Notes: Appears as ‘Lady Zhou’ in Koei games, and in the Brewitt-Taylor translation. Lady Zou’s name is strange in meaning. Zou1 is a surname as expected, but Shi4 is a clan or maiden name. |
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| Lai Gong | 賴恭 | |
| Lai Kung | 赖恭 | |
| Driven away by Wu Ju, he later became a senior minister for Liu Bei. | ||
| Lai Min (Jingda) | 來敏 (敬達) | |
| Lai Min (Ching-ta) | 来敏 (敬达) | |
| Tested Fei Yi over a game of Weiqi, educated Liu Shan but may have been slightly crazy. | ||
Notes: Called Liu Min in poisonpie’s novel listing. |
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| Lang Zhi | 郎稚 | |
| Lang Chih | 郎稚 | |
| Rose up in revolt in 211 but was defeated by He Qi. | ||
| Lei Bo | 雷薄 | |
| Lei Po | 雷薄 | |
| Serves Yuan Shu, then later leaves to join the Mt. Songshan Bandits with Chen Lan. | ||
Notes: Also known as Lei Pu and possibly the same as Lei Xu. |
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| Lei Tong | 雷銅 | |
| Lei T‘ung | 雷铜 | |
| Officer of Liu Zhang and, later, Liu Bei. Killed by Zhang He at Baxi. | ||
| Lei Xu | 雷緒 | |
| Lei Hsü | 雷绪 | |
| Leader of dissidents, driven away by Xiahou Yuan with his many followers. | ||
Notes: May be Lei Bo. |
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| Leng Bao | 冷苞 | |
| Lêng Pao | 冷苞 | |
| Fought Wei Yan and Huang Zhong, he was captured twice. He was executed the second time. | ||
Notes: Sometimes erroneously referred to as Ling Bao. |
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| Li | 李 | |
| Li | 李 | |
| Hired Hua Tuo but rejected his warning that his wife carried twins. Lost both children. | ||
| Li Cheng | 李成 | |
| Li Ch‘êng | 李成 | |
| A patient of Hua Tuo, he was cured but was unable to get medicine after a relapse. | ||
| Li Cheng | 栗成 | |
| Li Ch‘êng | 栗成 | |
| Overthrown by Heishan bandits led by Yu Du and killed. | ||
| Li Dian (Mancheng) | 李典 (曼成) | |
| Li Tien (Man-ch‘êng) | 李典 (曼成) | |
| Served Wei. Assisted Zhang Liao in the defense of Hefei. | ||
| Li Feng (Xuanguo) | 李豐 | |
| Li Fêng | 李丰 | |
| Famed from a young age, had a habit of faking illness. Plotted against Sima Shi. | ||
Notes: Also styled Anguo |
||
| Li Feng | 李豐 | |
| Li Fêng | 李丰 | |
| Served Yuan Shu guarding Shouchun, but died after his defeat there by Cao Cao. | ||
Notes: ‘Li Deng’ in the online Brewitt-Taylor translation. |
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| Li Feng | 李封 | |
| Li Fêng | 李封 | |
| Served Lü Bu. Killed by Xu Chu after neglecting his post in Yanzhou. | ||
Notes: ‘Li Fang’ in the online Brewitt-Taylor translation. |
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| Li Fu (Sunde) | 李輔 | |
| Li Fu (Sun-tê) | 李辅 | |
| Chief Secretary. Sent by Liu Shan to check on the dying Zhuge Liang. | ||
| Li Fu (Zixian) | 李孚 (子憲) | |
| Li Fu (Tzŭ-hsien) | 李孚 (子宪) | |
| Snuck through the Wei lines into Ye and then back out again. | ||
Notes: ‘Li Mu’ in chapter 32 and ‘Li Qu’ in chapters 79 and 80, and ‘Li Zu’ in chapter 97 of the online Brewitt-Taylor translation to distinguish from others named Li Fu. |
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| Li Gu | 李固 | |
| Li Ku | 李固 | |
| Sent by Emperor Xian to give Li Jue rank as Grand Marshal. | ||
| Li Hu | 李虎 | |
| Li Hu | 李虎 | |
| Zong chieftain who submitted to Cao Cao. Moved North when Liu Bei took Hanzhong. | ||
| Li Hui (De’ang) | 李恢 (德昂) | |
| Li Hui (Tê’-ang) | 李恢 (德昂) | |
| Begged Liu Zhang not to let Liu Bei in, persuaded Ma Chao to surrender to Liu Bei. | ||
| Li Ji | 李基 | |
| Li Chi | 李基 | |
| Son of Li Tong who inherited his rank. | ||
| Li Jin | 李進 | |
| Li Chin | 李进 | |
| Defeated Lü Bu’s attack of his home town Shengshi. | ||
| Li Jue (Zhiran) | 李傕 (稚然) | |
| Li Chüeh (Chih-jan) | 李傕 (稚然) | |
| Served Dong Zhuo. Later took control of the imperial court with Guo Si. | ||
| Li Jun | 李俊 | |
| Li Chün | 李俊 | |
| Local lord used by Jiang Xu to defeat Ma Chao. Was later enoffed and became a general. | ||
| Li Kan | 李堪 | |
| Li K‘an | 李堪 | |
| One of Han Sui’s Eight Knights. Accidentally killed by Yu Jin’s arrow. | ||
| Li Le | 李樂 | |
| Li Lê | 李乐 | |
| Bandit who helped Xian escape Li Jue’s grasp, found the boat used to cross the river. | ||
| Li Li | 李利 | |
| Li Li | 李利 | |
| Performed badly against Ma Teng so slandered his commander Fan Chou. | ||
| Li Li (Jianxian) | 李立 (建賢) | |
| Li Li (Chien-hsien) | 李立 (建贤) | |
| Appointed as Inspector of Jing after Liu Cong’s surrender. | ||
| Li Meng | 李蒙 | |
| Li Mêng | 李蒙 | |
| Helped Li Jue take Chang An but was later executed by Ma Teng. | ||
| Li Mi (Lingbo) | 李密 (令伯) | |
| Li Mi (Ling-po) | 李密 (令伯) | |
| Student of Qiao Zhou, evaluated the abilities of Liu Shan and his works were highly valued. | ||
| Li Min | 李旻 | |
| Li Min | 李旻 | |
| Captured alive by Xu Rong after Sun Jian’s defeat and boiled to death. | ||
| Li Qian | 李乾 | |
| Li Ch‘ien | 李乾 | |
| Had heroic qualities, served Cao Cao early on but was killed in Lü Bu’s revolt. | ||
| Li Qiu | 李球 | |
| Li Ch‘iu | 李球 | |
| Officer of Shu. Died defending Mianzhu during Deng Ai’s attack on the city. | ||
| Li Quan (Boyu) | 李權 (伯豫) | |
| Li Ch‘üan (Po-yü) | 李权 (伯豫) | |
| Influential man in Shu, executed by Liu Yan on a pretext. | ||
| Li Ren (Dexian) | 李仁 (德賢) | |
| Li Jên (Têhsien) | 李仁 (德贤) | |
| Studied in Nanyang, was widely read and an expert in many fields. | ||
| Li Ru | 李儒 | |
| Li Ju | 李儒 | |
| Served Dong Zhuo as an advisor. Died with his lord’s ambitions. | ||
| Li Shao (Yongnan) | 李邵 (永南) | |
| Li Shao (Yung-nan) | 李邵 (永南) | |
| Clerical officer, Jiang Wei was later compared to Li Shao by Zhuge Liang. | ||
Notes: Style also known as Weinan. |
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| Li Sheng | 李升 | |
| Li Shêng | 李升 | |
| Killed by Ma Xing’s revolt in one of their first acts. | ||
Notes: Also called Yi Pou. |
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| Li Sheng (Gongzhao) | 李勝 (公昭) | |
| Li Shêng (Kung-chao) | 李胜 (公昭) | |
| Member of Cao Shuang’s faction, he was sent to check on Sima Yi’s health. | ||
| Li Shu | 李術 | |
| Li Shu | 李术 | |
| Killed Wei’s Yan Xiang but then rebelled again against Quan and was executed. | ||
| Li Su (Weigong) | 李肅 (偉恭) | |
| Li Su (Wei-kung) | 李肃 (伟恭) | |
| Using Red Hare and other gifts he persuaded Lü Bu to kill Ding Yuan and join Dong Zhuo. | ||
| Li Su (Weigong) | 李肅 | |
| Li Su (Wei-kung) | 李肃 | |
| An excellent judge of talents, he would later be held in high honour by the people. | ||
| Li Tong (Wenda) | 李通 (文達) | |
| Li T‘ung (Wên-ta) | 李通 (文达) | |
| An officer of Wei. Saved Cao Cao’s rearguard in the retreat from Zhang Xiu. | ||
| Li Wenhou | 李文侯 | |
| Li Wênhou | 李文侯 | |
| Part of Beigong Boyu’s rebellion. Killed by Han Sui, who took command of his troops. | ||
| Li Xian | 李暹 | |
| Li Hsien | 李暹 | |
| Nephew of Li Jue. Helped Li Jue smuggle out the Emperor. Killed by Xu Chu. | ||
| Li Xin | 李歆 | |
| Li Hsin | 李歆 | |
| Officer of Shu. Achieved merit in Jiang Wei’s first northern campaign. | ||
| Li Xu | 李绪 | |
| Li Hsü | 李绪 | |
| Son of Li Tong who was stationed at Fancheng, where he achieved some merit. | ||
| Li Yan (Zhengfang) | 李嚴 (正方) | |
| Li Yen (Chêng-fang) | 李严 (正方) | |
| A talented officer, exiled after he forged a decree to cover up failure of supplies. | ||
Notes: Li Yan changed his name to Li Ping (李平)after rising in Shu authority. |
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| Li Yi | 李異 | |
| Li I | 李异 | |
| General of Sun Huan. Slain by Guan Xing in the novel. | ||
| Li Yiqi | 李意 | |
| Li I | 李意 | |
| Immortal who warned Liu Bei what would happen should he attack Wu. | ||
Notes: Known as Li Yi in the novel. |
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| Li Yi | 李遺 | |
| Li I | 李遗 | |
| Li Hui’s son. | ||
Notes: There are two ways to display 遺 in Pinyin: Yi and Wei. We use Yi2. |
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| Li Ying | 李膺 | |
| Li Ying | 李膺 | |
| Governor of Henan. Visited and impressed by a young Kong Rong. | ||
| Li Ying | 李應 | |
| Li Ying | 李应 | |
| Opposed Li Jue’s wish to execute his former superior Zhao Wen and won. | ||
| Li Yizi | 李移子 | |
| Li Itzŭ | 李移子 | |
| Oath brother of Gongsun Zan, disreputable cloth seller. | ||
| Li Yong | 李永 | |
| Li Yung | 李永 | |
| An attentive man, he was murdered by Dian Wei on order of a rival. | ||
| Li Zhen | 李禎 | |
| Li Chên | 李祯 | |
| An acquittance of Li Jue, he reassured the general about the courtiers being armed. | ||
| Li Zheng | 李整 | |
| Li Chêng | 李整 | |
| Sent to collect his father’s troops, he defeated Xue Lan and Li Feng. | ||
| Li Zhuan (Qinzhong) | 李譔 (欽仲) | |
| Li Chuan (Ch‘in-chung) | 李譔 (钦仲) | |
| Fond of practical jokes, admired by Liu Xuan but not given important tasks. Skilled scholar | ||
| Liang Boning | 梁伯寧 | |
| Liang Poning | 梁伯宁 | |
| A Yellow Scarves leader in Yingchuan. Defeated and killed by Fu Xie in AD 184 | ||
| Liang Da | 梁大 | |
| Liang Ta | 梁大 | |
| Vassal of Liu Bei, he was defeated by Yue Jin. | ||
| Liang Gang | 梁纲 | |
| Liang Kang | 梁綱 | |
| Served Yuan Shu guarding Shouchun, but died after his defeat there by Cao Cao. | ||
| Liang Gu (Menghuang) | 梁鵠 (孟皇) | |
| Liang Ku (Mêng-huang) | 梁鹄 (孟皇) | |
| Famed writer, the Wei Heng’s Siti Shu Shixu accuses him of fraud. | ||
| Liang Kuan | 梁寬 | |
| Liang K‘uan | 梁宽 | |
| Revolted against Ma Chao at Yicheng, executing Ma Chao’s family. | ||
| Liang Long | 粱龍 | |
| Liang Lung | 粱龙 | |
| Led a rebellion in Jiaozhi. Was defeated and killed by Zhu Jun. | ||
Notes: Long may not have been his given name. It might have been his nickname: “Dragon Liang” |
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| Liang Mao (Bofang) | 涼茂 (伯方) | |
| Liang Mao (Po-fang) | 凉茂 (伯方) | |
| Advised Gongsun Du against attacking Ye while Cao Cao was on campaign elsewhere. | ||
| Liang Qi | 梁岐 | |
| Liang Ch‘i | 梁岐 | |
| Surrendered his county to Cao Cao in 204. | ||
| Liang Shao | 粱紹 | |
| Liang Shao | 粱绍 | |
| Had arguments with Yuan Shao and held hostage by Li Jue. Held eunuch rank yet was a man. | ||
Notes: Dr. Rafe de Crespigny notes his personal name as either 邵 or 紹 |
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| Liang Shuang | 梁雙 | |
| Liang Shuang | 梁双 | |
| In 210, as a local rebel he stormed Xi city but later made peace with the authorities. | ||
| Liang Xi (Ziyu) | 梁習 (子虞) | |
| Liang Hsi (Tzŭ-yü) | 梁习 (子虞) | |
| He pacified the Xiongnu and some of Bing, noted for good governance. | ||
| Liang Xing | 梁興 | |
| Liang Hsing | 梁兴 | |
| One of Han Sui’s Eight Knights. Killed by Ma Chao in an attempt to protect Sui. | ||
| Liang Xu | 梁緒 | |
| Liang Hsü | 梁绪 | |
| Originally of Wei, he submitted to Zhuge Liang and was made Governor of Tianshui. | ||
| Liang Yan | 梁衍 | |
| Liang Yen | 梁衍 | |
| Advised Huangfu Song to raise troops against Dong Zhuo. | ||
| Liang Yu (Kongru) | 梁寓 (孔儒) | |
| Liang Yü (K‘ung-ju) | 梁寓 (孔儒) | |
| Sent to spy on Wei court and ask for permission to attack Guan Yu. | ||
| Liao Chun | 廖淳 | |
| Liao Ch‘un | 廖淳 | |
| Served at Yi Ling, Jiang Wan recommended him for rank. | ||
| Liao Hua (Yuanjian) | 廖化 (元儉) | |
| Liao Hua (Yüan-chien) | 廖化 (元俭) | |
| Officer in service of Shu. Served through the full span of the Shu Kingdom. | ||
Notes: Also known as Liao Chun (廖淳). |
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| Liao Li (Gongyuan) | 廖立 (公淵) | |
| Liao Li (Kung-yüan) | 廖立 (公渊) | |
| Arrogant officer who neglected his duties, was demoted by Zhuge Liang. | ||
| Ling Cao | 凌操 | |
| Ling Ts‘ao | 凌操 | |
| Served Wu. Was killed in one of Gan Ning’s arrow attacks fighting Huang Zu. | ||
| Ling Tong (Gongji) | 凌統 (公績) | |
| Ling T‘ung (Kung-chi) | 凌统 (公绩) | |
| Served Wu. Resented Gan Ning for killing his father, Ling Cao, but later forgave him. | ||
| Linghu Yu | 令弧愚 | |
| Linghu Yü | 令弧愚 | |
| Plotted against Sima Yi but died before it could begin. | ||
| Liu A | 劉阿 | |
| Liu A | 刘阿 | |
| Defeated by Liu Bei at Yi Ling. Later defeated by Zhang He. | ||
| Liu Ai | 刘艾 | |
| Liu Ai | 劉艾 | |
| Chief Clerk to Dong Zhuo. A famous historian who authored the Lingdi Ji. | ||
Notes: ‘Liu Cai’ in the online Brewitt-Taylor translation. |
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| Liu Ba (Zichu) | 劉巴 (子初) | |
| Liu Pa (Tzŭ-ch‘u) | 刘巴 (子初) | |
| Rescued Shu’s economy after Liu Bei’s troops had plundered the treasury. | ||
| Liu Bang [Gaozu] | 劉邦[高祖] | |
| Liu Pang [Kaotsu] | 刘邦[高祖] | |
| Founder of the Han dynasty. Fought with Xiang Yu for control of China and eventually won. | ||
Notes: Also known by his temple name, Emperor Gaozu of Han. Originally Liu Ji (劉季). Emperor Gao (高帝). Gao Huangdi (高皇帝). |
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| Liu Bao | 劉豹 | |
| Liu Pao | 刘豹 | |
| United many Hun tribes so Deng Ai suggest stirring up trouble. Father of Liu Yuan. | ||
| Liu Bei (Xuande) | 劉備 (玄德) | |
| Liu Pei (Hsüan-tê) | 刘备 (玄德) | |
| First Emperor of Shu and sworn brother of Guan Yu and Zhang Fei. | ||
Notes: Liu Bei is commonly referenced by the name, Xian Zhu (先主), ‘First Ruler’ or ‘First Soverign’. Chen Shou, in the Sanguozhi, refers to Liu Bei by this title to indicate the illegitimacy of his dynasty in the eyes of Jin. Sun Quan and his clan are placed on an even lower pedestal. Sometimes referred to as the ‘Princely One’ in the Brewitt-Taylor novel translation. |
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| Liu Biao (Jingsheng) | 劉表 (景升) | |
| Liu Piao (Ching-shêng) | 刘表 (景升) | |
| Inspector of Jing province under the Han. Opposed the Sun family militarily. | ||
| Liu Chan | 劉闡 | |
| Liu Ch‘an | 刘阐 | |
| Described as affectionate and generous with other people. | ||
| Liu Chen | 劉諶 | |
| Liu Ch‘ên | 刘谌 | |
| Liu Shan’s fifth son. Rather than surrender to Wei, he committed suicide. | ||
Notes: Also known as Liu Chan in some versions of the novel. |
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| Liu Cheng | 劉丞 | |
| Liu Ch‘êng | 刘丞 | |
| Guarded the gates of the palace. Executed by Sun Chen for taking part in Sun Liang’s plot. | ||
| Liu Chong | 劉寵 | |
| Liu Ch‘ung | 刘宠 | |
| During the Yellow Scarves rebellion he created his own kingdom. Killed by Yuan Shu. | ||
| Liu Cong | 劉琮 | |
| Liu Ts‘ung | 刘琮 | |
| Inherited Liu Biao’s kingdom upon his death, then surrendered it to Cao Cao. | ||
Notes: His name is frequently written ‘Liu Zong’, but this is incorrect. |
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| Liu Dai (Gongshan) | 劉岱 (公山) | |
| Liu Tai (Kung-shan) | 刘岱 (公山) | |
| Fought Liu Bei with Wang Zhong but had no success. | ||
| Liu Dai (Gongshan) | 劉岱 (公山) | |
| Liu Tai (Kung-shan) | 刘岱 (公山) | |
| Governor of Yan. Attacked the Qingzhou Yellow Scarves, but was killed. | ||
| Liu Dan | 劉誕 | |
| Liu Tan | 刘诞 | |
| Son of Liu Yan, executed alongside Liu Fan after a failed coup against Li Jue. | ||
| Liu Deran | 劉德然 | |
| Liu Têjan | 刘德然 | |
| A student of Lu Zhi’s, related to Liu Bei whose own studies were paid for by Deran’s father. | ||
| Liu Du | 劉度 | |
| Liu Tu | 刘度 | |
| Governor of Lingling. He surrendered to Liu Bei after his son was defeated. | ||
| Liu Fan | 劉範 | |
| Liu Fan | 刘范 | |
| Han Left Imperial Corps Commander. Helped Ma Teng. Killed by Li Jue and Guo Si. | ||
| Liu Fang (Ziqi) | 劉放 (子棄) | |
| Liu Fang (Tzŭ-ch‘i) | 刘放 (子弃) | |
| Recommended Cao Shuang as joint regent of Cao Fang. A brilliant writer, Han lineage. | ||
| Liu Feng | 劉封 | |
| Liu Fêng | 刘封 | |
| Liu Bei’s adopted son. Executed after the death of Guan Yu at Zhuge Liang’s suggestion. | ||
Notes: ‘Kou Feng’ (寇封) before Liu Bei adopted him. |
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| Liu Fu (Yuanying) | 劉馥 (元穎) | |
| Liu Fu (Yüan-ying) | 刘馥 (元颖) | |
| His farming and defence improvements in Yangzhou allowed Wei to keep control of the area. | ||
| Liu He | 劉郃 | |
| Liu Ho | 刘郃 | |
| Shu officer. Died in the year following Kongming’s occupation of Hanzhong. | ||
| Liu He | 劉何 | |
| Liu Ho | 刘何 | |
| General, captured by Cao Ren. | ||
| Liu He | 劉和 | |
| Liu Ho | 刘和 | |
| Ordered to escape capital and seek help for Xian. Captured by Yuan’s, later sent against Zan. | ||
| Liu Hong | 劉弘 | |
| Liu Hung | 刘弘 | |
| Liu Bei’s father. Son of Liu Xiong, said to be descended from Emperor Jing of Han. | ||
Notes: His given name was originally Shan (山) and later Yi (義). |
||
| Liu Hong (Yugao) | 劉弘 (于高) | |
| Liu Hung (Yü-kao) | 刘弘 (于高) | |
| Occupied high post but was sacked so Dong Zhuo could have his job. | ||
| Liu Hu | 劉虎 | |
| Liu Hu | 刘虎 | |
| Sent to aid Huang Zu while he was being attacked by Sun Ce. | ||
| Liu Hui | 劉徽 | |
| Liu Hui | 刘徽 | |
| Mathematician and cartographer of the Wei Dynasty. He obtained a more precise value of Pi, and edited the “The Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art” | ||
| Liu Ji (Jingyu) | 劉基 (敬輿) | |
| Liu Chi (Ching-yü) | 刘基 (敬舆) | |
| Favoured in court by Sun Quan. Stopped a drunken Quan from executing Yu Fan. | ||
| Liu Jun | 劉俊 | |
| Liu Chün | 刘俊 | |
| Attacked Mianzhu while Liu Bei welcomed Ma Chao. Killed by Zhao Yun. | ||
| Liu Jun | 劉雋 | |
| Liu Chün | 刘隽 | |
| A county magistrate in Wuwei. Killed by Qu Sheng during the Liang Rebellion. | ||
| Liu Kongci | 劉孔慈 | |
| Liu K‘ungtz‘ŭ | 刘孔慈 | |
| Skilled at speaking quickly. He and Wang Zifa were favorites of Kong Rong. | ||
| Liu Kuan (Wenyao) | 劉寬 | |
| Liu K‘uan (Wên-yao) | 刘宽 | |
| A kind man, once fell into drunken sleep during court meeting. Warned about the Turbans, | ||
| Liu Li (Fengxiao) | 劉理 (奉孝) | |
| Liu Li (Fêng-hsiao) | 刘理 (奉孝) | |
| Third son of Liu Bei. Married to Ma Chao’s daughter. | ||
| Liu Liang | 劉良 | |
| Liu Liang | 刘良 | |
| Predicted Lady Zhen would have a great future. | ||
| Liu Liang (Manshan) | 劉梁 (曼山) | |
| Liu Liang (Man-shan) | 刘梁 (曼山) | |
| Confucian Scholar. Wrote books advocating the elimination of court factionalism. | ||
| Liu Ling (Bolun) | 刘伶 (伯倫) | |
| Liu Ling (Po-lun) | 刘伶 (伯伦) | |
| One of the Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove. | ||
| Liu Lüe | 留略 | |
| Liu Lüeh | 留略 | |
| General under Zhuge Ke, defended against Wei. | ||
| Liu Mao | 劉瑁 | |
| Liu Mao | 刘瑁 | |
| A favourite of Liu Yan, illness incapacitated when Zhang took control. | ||
| Liu Min | 劉敏 | |
| Liu Min | 刘敏 | |
| Was of some renown, agreed with Wang Ping’s Hanzhong plan. | ||
| Liu Ning | 劉寧 | |
| Liu Ning | 刘宁 | |
| Participated in Liu Bei’s attack on Wu, but was defeated and surrendered. | ||
| Liu Pan | 劉磐 | |
| Liu P‘an | 刘磐 | |
| Attempted guerilla warfare against Sun Ce but was foiled by Taishi Ci. | ||
| Liu Pi | 劉辟 | |
| Liu P‘i | 刘辟 | |
| After rebelling with the Yellow Scarves, moved to Runan. Later joined Liu Bei. | ||
| Liu Ping | 劉平 | |
| Liu P‘ing | 刘平 | |
| Either noted Liu Bei’s talent or tried to kill Liu Bei, depends what source. | ||
Notes: Also known as Liu Ziping. |
||
| Liu Qi | 劉琦 | |
| Liu Ch‘i | 刘琦 | |
| Eldest son of Liu Biao and legitimate heir of Jing. Became close friends with Liu Bei. | ||
| Liu Ruo | 劉若 | |
| Liu Jo | 刘若 | |
| High on list of petitioners to make Cao Cao a Duke and Cao Pi emperor. | ||
| Liu Shan (Gongsi) | 劉禪 (公嗣) | |
| Liu Shan (Kung-ssŭ) | 刘禅 (公嗣) | |
| Liu Bei’s son and the second Emperor of Shu. Destroyed Shu through ineptitude. | ||
Notes: Also known by his infant name, A-Dou (阿斗). See Liu Shan’s Comprehensive Officer Biography for more information on his name. |
||
| Liu Shao | 劉邵 | |
| Liu Shao | 刘邵 | |
| Sent with Mi Fang to take Qichun and took Jin Zong captive. | ||
| Liu Shao (Kongcai) | 劉劭 (孔才) | |
| Liu Shao (K‘ung-ts‘ai) | 刘劭 (孔才) | |
| Sent by Cao Rui to save Jiangxia from Wu. Compiled a considerable number of works. | ||
| Liu Sheng | 劉勝 | |
| Liu Shêng | 刘胜 | |
| Liu Bei’s ancestor. Prince of Jing of Zhongshan. Son of Emperor Jing of Han. | ||
| Liu Shi | 劉石 | |
| Liu Shih | 刘石 | |
| Defeated by Yuan Shao. | ||
| Liu Shi (Zizhen) | 劉寔 (子真) | |
| Liu Shih (Tzŭ-chên) | 刘寔 (子真) | |
| Predicted Shu would fall but also that neither Deng Ai nor Zhong Hui would return. | ||
| Liu Tao (Ziqi) | 劉陶 (子奇) | |
| Liu T‘ao (Tzŭ-ch‘i) | 刘陶 (子奇) | |
| Accused the eunuchs of bringing down the Han and was murdered. | ||
| Liu Wangzhi | 劉望之 | |
| Liu Wangchih | 刘望之 | |
| Gave honest criticism that wasn’t received well, asked to go home. | ||
| Liu Wei | 劉衛 | |
| Liu Wei | 刘卫 | |
| Killed by local Yellow Turban forces. | ||
| Liu Xian | 劉賢 | |
| Liu Hsien | 刘贤 | |
| Liu Du’s son. Defended Lingling with Xing Daorong against Liu Bei, but failed. | ||
Notes: His name is incorrectly translated as ‘Liu Xiang’ in some Brewitt-Taylor editions. |
||
| Liu Xian (Shizong) | 劉先 | |
| Liu Hsien (Shih-tsung) | 刘先 | |
| Served under Liu Cong with Deng Yi. Surrendered to Cao Cao after Cong’s death. | ||
Notes: His name is incorrectly translated as ‘Liu Xin’ in some Brewitt-Taylor editions. |
||
| Liu Xiang | 劉詳 | |
| Liu Hsiang | 刘详 | |
| Sent to defend Kuangting, reinforced by Yuan Shu when Cao Cao attacked. | ||
| Liu Xie | 劉偕 | |
| Liu Hsieh | 刘偕 | |
| Failed to get supplies from local tribe so advised a quick attack on them. | ||
| Liu Xiong | 劉雄 | |
| Liu Hsiung | 刘雄 | |
| Liu Bei’s grandfather. Said to be descended from Emperor Jing of Han. | ||
| Liu Xiong | 劉雄 | |
| Liu Hsiung | 刘雄 | |
| Defeated by Xiahou Yuan, took in refugees and was popular with the people. | ||
| Liu Xuan (Wenheng) | 劉璿 (文衡) | |
| Liu Hsüan (Wên-hêng) | 刘璿 (文衡) | |
| Son of Liu Shan, and his crown prince. Died during Zhong Hui’s rebellion. | ||
Notes: Called Liu Rui in Moss Roberts and Brewitt Taylor translations of the novel. |
||
| Liu Xun | 劉循 | |
| Liu Hsün | 刘循 | |
| Raised a force against Yuan Tan at Tayin. | ||
| Liu Xun (Zitai) | 劉勳 (子臺) | |
| Liu Hsün (Tzŭ-t‘-ai) | 刘勋 (子台) | |
| Tricked into abandoning his city by Sun Ce and fled to Cao Cao. Executed for extortion and corruption. | ||
Notes: ‘Liu Xu’ in the online Brewitt-Taylor translation. |
||
| Liu Yan | 劉延 | |
| Liu Yen | 刘延 | |
| Grand Administrator of Dong commandery. Yuan Shao sent Yan Liang to attack him. | ||
Notes: ‘Liu Yue’ in the online Brewitt-Taylor translation. |
||
| Liu Yan (Junlang) | 劉焉 (君郎) | |
| Liu Yen (Chün-lang) | 刘焉 (君郎) | |
| Liu Zhang’s father. Magistrate in the Yi territory after fighting Yellow Scarves. | ||
| Liu Yan (Weishi) | 劉琰 (威碩) | |
| Liu Yen (Wei-shih) | 刘琰 (威硕) | |
| Former Administrator of Yi Province. Executed after accusing Liu Shan of seducing his wife. | ||
Notes: Liu Yan’s style, Weishi, is also translated as Weishuo. Either may turn up in references. Called Liu Yang in the Brewett-Taylor version of the novel. |
||
| Liu Yao (Zhengli) | 劉繇 (正禮) | |
| Liu Yao (Chêng-li) | 刘繇 (正礼) | |
| Imperial Inspector of Yangzhou. Liu Dai’s brother. Defeated by Sun Ce, then died of illness. | ||
Notes: Referenced incorrectly as ‘Liu Yong’ in many Koei games, along with a few other video games. Historical sources, and nearly all novel translations, use ‘Liu Yao’ instead. |
||
| Liu Ye (Ziyang) | 劉曄 (子揚) | |
| Liu Yeh (Tzŭ-yang) | 刘晔 (子扬) | |
| With other officials, went to Emperor Xian to petition his abdication to Cao Pi. | ||
| Liu Yi | 劉翊 | |
| Liu I | 刘翊 | |
| Sent to trick Xun Yu into giving Lü Bu supplies but Xun Yu saw through the lie. | ||
| Liu Yi (Gongsi) | 劉廙 (恭嗣) | |
| Liu I (Kung-ssŭ) | 刘廙 (恭嗣) | |
| Among the officials that petitioned Emperor Xian to abdicate to Cao Pi. | ||
| Liu Yi (Zixiang) | 劉翊 (子相) | |
| Liu I (Tzŭ-hsiang) | 刘翊 (子相) | |
| Saved several hundred people from famine during the Yellow Scarves Rebellion. | ||
| Liu Yong (Nanhe) | 劉邕 (南和) | |
| Liu Yung (Nan-ho) | 刘邕 (南和) | |
| Joined Liu Bei during the Yizhou Campaign. Made Administrator of Jiangyang. | ||
| Liu Yu (Boan) | 劉虞 (伯安) | |
| Liu Yü (Po-an) | 刘虞 (伯安) | |
| Governor of You Province during the Later Han. Quelled Zhang Ju’s rebellion. | ||
| Liu Yuan (Yuanhai) | 劉淵 (元海) | |
| Liu Yüan (Yüan-hai) | 刘渊 (元海) | |
| Grandson of the Xiongnu chief Yufuluo. Founded the Han-Zhao dynasty. | ||
| Liu Yuanqi | 劉元起 | |
| Liu Yüanch‘i | 刘元起 | |
| Liu Bei’s uncle. Recognized Liu Bei’s ambition, and worked to maintain the family. | ||
| Liu Yun | 劉刘 | |
| Liu Yün | 贇贇 | |
| King of Ji’nan. Killed by Yellow Turbans in 207. | ||
| Liu Zan (Zhengming) | 留贊 (正明) | |
| Liu Tsan (Chêng-ming) | 留赞 (正明) | |
| Father of Liu Lue. Marched to meet Wei’s invasion on Zhuge Ke’s orders. | ||
| Liu Zhang (Jiyu) | 劉璋 (季玉) | |
| Liu Chang (Chi-yü) | 刘璋 (季玉) | |
| Son of Liu Yan. Governed Ba-shu before Liu Bei took his kingdom out from under his feet. | ||
| Liu Zhen (Gonggan) | 劉楨 (公幹) | |
| Liu Chên (Kung-an) | 刘桢 (公干) | |
| A brilliant writer, he admonished Cao Zhi for not listening to Xing Yong. | ||
| Liu Zheng | 劉正 | |
| Liu Chêng | 刘正 | |
| Left Beihai for Liaodong, gathering followers. Later returned to Beihai with Taishi Ci. | ||
| Liu Zheng | 劉政 | |
| Liu Chêng | 刘政 | |
| Administrator of Youbeiping. Killed in the rebellion of Zhang Chun and Zhang Ju. | ||
| Liu Zhu (Kongcai) | 劉助 (孔才) | |
| Liu Chu (K‘ung-ts‘ai) | 刘助 (孔才) | |
| Sent by Cao Cao to reinforce Zhao Yan, who was having trouble with mutineers. | ||
| Liu Zihui | 劉子惠 | |
| Liu Tzŭhui | 刘子惠 | |
| Advised Han Fu to wait and see what the other lords did before joining in. | ||
| Liu Zijing | 劉子敬 | |
| Liu Tzŭching | 刘子敬 | |
| Liu Yuanqi’s brother | ||
| Liu Zhou | 劉冑 | |
| Liu Chou | 刘胄 | |
| Led revolt against Shu but was defeated by Ma Zhong. | ||
| Lord Kou | 侯寇 | |
| K‘ou | 侯寇 | |
| Father of Liu Feng, who Liu Bei adopted as his heir. His family held a county fief in Changsha. | ||
| Lou Fa | 婁發 | |
| Lou Fa | 娄发 | |
| Rebelled against Liu Zhang but was defeated and fled to Jing. | ||
| Lou Gui (Zibo) | 婁圭 (子伯) | |
| Lou Kuei (Tzŭ-po) | 娄圭 (子伯) | |
| A former officer of Jing, assured Cao Cao that Liu Cong’s surrender was real. | ||
Notes: ‘Lou’ and ‘Lu’ are both accepted ways of writing 婁. As such, his name is sometimes written ‘Lu Gui’. |
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| Lou Xuan (Chengxian) | 樓玄 (承先) | |
| Lou Hsüan (Ch‘êng-hsien) | 楼玄 (承先) | |
| Executed for rebuking Sun Hao about his tyranny. | ||
| Lou Yi | 樓異 | |
| Lou I | 楼异 | |
| Offers up his horse to the injured Cao Cao, helping him escape from Lü Bu’s troops. | ||
| Liu Zhan | 劉展 | |
| Liu Chan | 刘展 | |
| Was part of the petition to make Cao Cao Duke. | ||
| Louban | 樓班 | |
| Lou-pan | 楼班 | |
| Along with Tadun, assisted Yuan Shang and Yuan Xi in opposing Cao Cao. | ||
| Lü Ba | 呂霸 | |
| Lü Pa | 吕霸 | |
| Son of Lü Meng, was given hereditary nobility. | ||
| Lü Boshe | 呂伯奢 | |
| Lü Poshê | 吕伯奢 | |
| Friend of Cao Song. Killed by the fleeing Cao Cao. | ||
| Lü Bu (Fengxian) | 呂布 (奉先) | |
| Lü Pu (Fêng-hsien) | 吕布 (奉先) | |
| Said to be the finest warrior of the Three Kingdoms era. Executed by Cao Cao. | ||
| Lü Chang | 呂常 | |
| Lü Ch‘ang | 吕常 | |
| Father of Lü Yi (Jiyang). He served Liu Yan and followed him into Yi Province. | ||
| Lu Cui (Wenyu) | 路粹 (文蔚) | |
| Lu Ts‘ui (Wên-yü) | 路粹 (文蔚) | |
| Slandered Kong Rong which resulted in Kong Rong’s execution. Executed by Cao Cao. | ||
| Lü Dai (Dinggong) | 呂岱 (定公) | |
| Lü Tai (Ting-kung) | 吕岱 (定公) | |
| General of Wu. Executed the last vestiges of the Shi clan in Jiao province. | ||
| Lü Fan (Ziheng) | 呂範 (子衡) | |
| Lü Fan (Tzŭ-hêng) | 吕范 (子衡) | |
| Was an aide to Yuan Shu, but left for Sun Ce. Suggested Lady Sun’s marriage. | ||
| Lu Ji (Gongji) | 陸績 (公紀) | |
| Lu Chi (Kung-chi) | 陆绩 (公纪) | |
| During his youth, he was said to have stolen an orange from Yuan Shu to give to his mother. | ||
| Lu Jing (Shiren) | 陸景 (士仁) | |
| Lu Ching (Shih-jên) | 陆景 (士仁) | |
| The second son of Lu Kang and Wu Grand Admiral. Died in battle with Jin forces. | ||
| Lü Ju (Shiyi) | 呂據 (世議) | |
| Lü Chü (Shih-i) | 吕据 (世议) | |
| Second son of Lü Fan and an officer of Wu. Killed by Sun Chen. | ||
| Lu Kai (Jingfeng) | 陸凱 (敬風) | |
| Lu K‘ai (Ching-fêng) | 陆凯 (敬风) | |
| Together with Wan Yu, shared the responsibility of Prime Minister under Sun Hao. | ||
Notes: Listed incorrectly as ‘Lu Kuai’ in some Brewitt-Taylor translations. |
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| Lü Kai (Jiping) | 呂凱 (季平) | |
| Lü K‘ai (Chi-p‘ing) | 吕凯 (季平) | |
| Served Shu with Wang Kang. Was Kongming’s guide while battling against the Nanman. | ||
| Lu Kang (Jining) | 陸康 (季寧) | |
| Lu K‘ang | 陆康 (季宁) | |
| Criticised Emperor Ling and the eunuchs, held out for two years despite facing Sun Ce. | ||
| Lu Kang (Youjie) | 陸抗 (幼節) | |
| Lu K‘ang (Yu-chieh) | 陆抗 (幼节) | |
| Lu Xun’s second son. Known to be as capable a commander as his father. | ||
| Lü Kuang | 呂曠 | |
| Lü K‘uang | 吕旷 | |
| Served Yuan Shang. Defected to Yuan Tan then Cao Cao. Attacking Liu Bei, killed by Zhao Yun. | ||
| Lu Kui | 魯馗 | |
| Lu K‘uei | 鲁馗 | |
| Served Han as Court Steward. Killed by Li Jue and Guo Si’s troops. | ||
| Lü Meng (Ziming) | 呂蒙 (子明) | |
| Lü Mêng (Tzŭ-ming) | 吕蒙 (子明) | |
| Served Wu. Originally a skilled warrior, turned out to be a scholar as well. | ||
Notes: The Lü surname is pronounced Lü2 because of the preceeding Meng, which is 3rd tone, the same rule applies when pronouncing the style name because Zi3 is also third tone. |
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| Lü Qian (Zike) | 呂虔 (子恪) | |
| Lü Ch‘ien (Tzŭ-k‘o) | 吕虔 (子恪) | |
| Served Cao Cao, and later Cao Pi, as Military Aide. | ||
| Lu Shu | 魯淑 | |
| Lu Shu | 鲁淑 | |
| The son of Lu Su. Praised as a capable military commander. | ||
| Lu Shuihu | 盧水胡 | |
| Lu Shui-hu | 盧水胡 | |
| Rebel based in Liangzhou. | ||
| Lu Su (Zijing) | 魯肅 (子敬) | |
| Lu Su (Tzŭ-ching) | 鲁肃 (子敬) | |
| Brilliant and insightful Wu commander. Was ambassador to Shu. | ||
Notes: When saying Lu Su’s surname and style name together the surname should be pronounced Lu2 instead of Lu3 because of the tone preceeding it. |
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| Lü Weihuang | 呂威璜 | |
| Lü Weihuang | 吕威璜 | |
| Officer of Yuan Shao. Guarded Wuchao as a lieutenant of Chunyu Qiong. | ||
| Lü Xiang | 呂翔 | |
| Lü Hsiang | 吕翔 | |
| Younger brother of Lü Kuang, whom he followed everywhere. | ||
Notes: He is known as Lü Xiang in SGZ and SGYY, and Gao Xiang (高翔) in HHS and ZZTJ. |
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| Lu Xun | 盧遜 | |
| Lu Hsün | 卢逊 | |
| Officer of later-Shu. Defeated Zhong Hui at Nanzheng, but was later killed by Xun Kai. | ||
| Lu Xun (Boyan) | 陸遜 (伯言) | |
| Lu Hsün (Po-yen) | 陆逊 (伯言) | |
| Famous and brilliant Wu commander that defeated Liu Bei at Yiling. | ||
Notes: Originally named Lu Yi (陸議). |
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| Lü Yi (Jiyang) | 呂乂 (季阳) | |
| Lü I (Chi-yang) | 吕乂 (季阳) | |
| Served Shu as Grand Administrator of Hanzhong during Zhuge Liang’s time. | ||
Notes: Some Brewitt-Taylor translations incorrectly list Lü Yi as ‘Lu Yin’. Some books, historical or simplified, including some Chinese Moss Roberts translations, list Lü Yi’s name as 呂義 or its simplified variant 呂义. They are presented as the same person because the two names are both used in reference to the same person, a Lü Yi who was Grand Administrator of Hanzhong during Zhuge Liang’s time, and because there is no reference to another Lü Yi in Shu. |
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| Lu Yu (Zijia) | 盧毓 (子家) | |
| Lu Yü (Tzŭ-chia) | 卢毓 (子家) | |
| Lost his family in civil war, he rose up through the ranks to become an Excellency. | ||
| Lu Yun (Shilong) | 陸雲 (士龍) | |
| Lu Yün (Shih-lung) | 陆云 (士龙) | |
| Son of Lu Kang. Served Wu and later Jin. Executed during the War of the Eight Princes. | ||
| Lu Yusheng | 陸鬱生 | |
| Lu Yüshêng | 陆郁生 | |
| Daughter of Lu Ji of Wu. | ||
| Lu Zhao | 路招 | |
| Lu Chao | 路招 | |
| Dispatched with Liu Bei to block Yuan Shu’s attempts to get to Yuan Shao. | ||
| Lu Zhi (Zigan) | 盧植 (子幹) | |
| Lu Chih (Tzŭ-kan) | 卢植 (子干) | |
| Imperial Corps Commander in service of Han. Was Liu Bei’s teacher and friend. | ||
| Lun Zhi | 倫直 | |
| Lun Chih | 伦直 | |
| He was beheaded for criticizing Gongsun Yuan’s plan to revolt. | ||
| Luo Ben (Guanzhong) | 羅本 (貫中) | |
| Lo Pên (Kuan-chung) | 罗本 (贯中) | |
| Better known as Luo Guanzhong. Credited for having authored the Sanguo yanyi. | ||
Notes: In discussion and reference his style name is nearly always used, hence ‘Luo Guanzhong’. |
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| Luo Jun (Xiaoyuan) | 駱俊 (孝遠) | |
| Lo Chün (Hsiao-yüan) | 骆俊 (孝远) | |
| Many children were named after him. Killed by Yuan Shu’s agents over supplies. | ||
| Luo Meng | 羅蒙 | |
| Lo Mêng | 罗蒙 | |
| Luo Xian (Lingze)’s father. Served in Shu to avoid the chaos in the land. | ||
| Luo Tong (Gongxu) | 駱統 (公緒) | |
| Lo T‘ung (Kung-hsü) | 骆统 (公绪) | |
| Vassal of Sun Quan, famed for being a poor yet honourable man, loyal to his step mother. | ||
| Luo Xian (Lingze) | 羅憲 (令則) | |
| Lo Hsien (Ling-tsê) | 罗宪 (令则) | |
| Luo Meng’s son. Served in Shu under Liu Shan. Did not support Huang Hao. | ||
| Ma Ai | 馬艾 | |
| Ma Ai | 马艾 | |
| Held office as Administrator of Dunhuang. | ||
| Ma Bing | 馬秉 | |
| Ma Ping | 马秉 | |
| Son of Ma Liang. | ||
| Ma Chao (Mengqi) | 馬超 (孟起) | |
| Ma Ch‘ao (Mêng-ch‘i) | 马超 (孟起) | |
| Served Shu after fleeing from the north. Third of the Five Tiger Generals. | ||
| Ma Cheng | 馬承 | |
| Ma Ch‘êng | 马承 | |
| Son of Ma Chao, inherited his father’s titles. | ||
| Ma Dai | 馬岱 | |
| Ma Tai | 马岱 | |
| Ma Chao’s cousin. He surrendered to Liu Bei with Ma Chao. | ||
| Ma Jun (Deheng) | 馬鈞 (德衡) | |
| Ma Chün (Tê-hêng) | 马钧 (德衡) | |
| Master of Works for Cao Rui. Advised the Emperor to drink Celestial Elixir. | ||
| Ma Liang (Jichang) | 馬良 (季常) | |
| Ma Liang (Chi-ch‘ang) | 马良 (季常) | |
| Administered Jing after Liu Bei took Shu. Nicknamed ‘White Eyebrows’. | ||
| Ma Long (Xiaoxing) | 馬隆 (孝興) | |
| Ma Lung (Hsiao-hsing) | 马隆 (孝兴) | |
| Fought the Xianbei and defeated the rebel Tufa Shujineng. | ||
| Ma Miao | 馬邈 | |
| Ma Miao | 马邈 | |
| Surrendered Jiangyou castle prompting his wife to commit suicide. | ||
| Ma Midi (Wengshu) | 馬日磾 (翁叔) | |
| Ma Miti (Wêng-shu) | 马日磾 (翁叔) | |
| Sent as envoy to stop the war between Yuan Shao and Gongsun Zan. | ||
| Ma Pu | 馬普 | |
| Ma P‘u | 马普 | |
| A scholar of history, he fled south during the civil war. Sun Yu lavished him with gifts. | ||
| Ma Qi (Chengbo) | 馬齊 (承伯) | |
| Ma Ch‘i (Ch‘êng-po) | 马齐 (承伯) | |
| Became a Minister of Writing, known for his ability. | ||
| Ma Qin | 馬秦 | |
| Ma Ch‘in | 马秦 | |
| Bandit leader with Gao Sheng, killed by Li Yan. | ||
| Ma Qiu | 馬秋 | |
| Ma Ch‘iu | 马秋 | |
| Son of Ma Chao, handed over to Zhang Lu by Cao Cao and was killed. | ||
| Ma Su (Youchang) | 馬謖 (幼常) | |
| Ma Su (Yu-ch‘ang) | 马谡 (幼常) | |
| Ma Liang’s younger brother. Executed by Zhuge Liang after his failure at Jie Ting. | ||
| Ma Teng (Shoucheng) | 馬騰 (壽成) | |
| Ma T‘êng (Shou-ch‘êng) | 马腾 (寿成) | |
| Governed Xiliang. Descendant of the famous warrior Ma Yuan. Ma Chao’s father. | ||
| Ma Tie | 馬鐵 | |
| Ma T‘ieh | 马铁 | |
| Killed in a volley of arrows as Cao Cao attacks the Ma’s outside Xuchang. | ||
| Ma Wan | 馬玩 | |
| Ma Wan | 马玩 | |
| Served under Han Sui. Tried to protect Han Sui from Ma Chao, but failed. | ||
| Ma Xiu | 馬休 | |
| Ma Hsiu | 马休 | |
| Second son of Ma Teng. Executed by Cao Cao on his way to Xuchang. | ||
| Ma Xiu | 馬脩 | |
| Ma Hsiu | 马脩 | |
| Son of Ma Zhong (Dexin). His family continued service in Jin after Shu’s surrender. | ||
| Ma Xun (Chengheng) | 馬勳 (盛衡) | |
| Ma Hsün (Ch‘êng-hêng) | 马勋 (盛衡) | |
| Served in varying positions under Liu Bei, showed ability and was trusted. | ||
| Ma Yan | 馬延 | |
| Ma Yen | 马延 | |
| Served Yuan Shang, and later Cao Cao. Killed by Gan Ning. | ||
| Ma Yu | 馬宇 | |
| Ma Yü | 马宇 | |
| Han Privy Counsellor. Helped Ma Teng and Han Sui. Killed by Li Jue and Guo Si. | ||
| Ma Yu | 馬玉 | |
| Ma Yü | 马玉 | |
| Shu officer. Died in the year following Kongming’s occupation of Hanzhong. | ||
| Ma Yuan (Wenyuan) | 馬援 (文淵) | |
| Ma Yüan (Wên-yüan) | 马援 (文渊) | |
| General of the Han who campaigned against the Vietnamese. Ma Teng was descended from him. | ||
| Ma Yuanyi | 馬元義 | |
| Ma Yüani | 马元义 | |
| Follower of Zhang Jue and the Yellow Scarves. Torn asunder by chariots for treason. | ||
| Ma Zhong | 馬忠 | |
| Ma Chung | 马忠 | |
| Captured Guan Yu and Guan Ping. Executed to satiate Liu Bei in the novel. | ||
| Ma Zhong (Dexin) | 馬忠 (德信) | |
| Ma Chung (Tê-hsin) | 马忠 (德信) | |
| Served Shu notably during the northern and southern campaigns. | ||
Notes: Also known as Hu Du (狐篤). Mistranslated as Ma Zheng in the Brewitt-Taylor edition of the novel. |
||
| Ma Zun | 馬遵 | |
| Ma Tsun | 马遵 | |
| Was defeated by Shu and fled to Hu, drives Jiang Wei into Shu by his paranoia. | ||
| Man Chong (Boning) | 滿寵 (伯寧) | |
| Man Ch‘ung (Po-ning) | 满宠 (伯宁) | |
| Served Cao Cao as Military Aide. Helped to repel Shu’s fifth northern campaign. | ||
| Mangyachang | 忙牙長 | |
| Mangyach‘ang | 忙牙长 | |
| Second in command to the Nanman’s armies. Killed by Ma Dai. | ||
| Mao Gan | 毛甘 | |
| Mao Kan | 毛甘 | |
| Leader of a group of Chinese renegades, conquered by He Qi in 208. | ||
| Mao Jia | 毛嘉 | |
| Mao Chia | 毛嘉 | |
| A joke among the court, Cao Rui held drinking parties at his house. | ||
| Mao Jie (Xiaoxian) | 毛玠 (孝先) | |
| Mao Chieh (Hsiao-hsien) | 毛玠 (孝先) | |
| Served as Military Aide to Cao Cao. Later Staff Supervisor, then Naval Commander. | ||
| Mao Jiong | 毛炅 | |
| Mao Chiung | 毛炅 | |
| Made General, plotted to raid Tao Huang but was discovered and executed. | ||
| Mao Lun (Shengshan) | 毛綸 (聲山) | |
| Mao Lun (Shêng-shan) | 毛纶 (声山) | |
| Father of Mao Zonggang. One of two authors behind the Mao edition of Sanguo yanyi. | ||
| Mao Zonggang (Xushi) | 毛宗崗 (序始) | |
| Mao Tsungkang (Hsü-shih) | 毛宗岗 (序始) | |
| Son of Mao Lun. One of two authors behind the Mao edition of Sanguo yanyi. | ||
| Mei Cheng | 梅成 | |
| Mei Ch‘êng | 梅成 | |
| Bandit lord with Chen Lan, he feigned surrender to Yu Jin and revolted again. | ||
| Mei Fu | 梅敷 | |
| Mei Fu | 梅敷 | |
| His defection left a hole in the local area that turned into no man’s land. | ||
| Mei Ping | 梅平 | |
| Mei P‘ing | 梅平 | |
| Forced to return home due to illness, Hua Tuo warned him he had only five days to live. | ||
| Mencius [Meng Ke] | 孟子[孟軻] | |
| [Mêng K‘o] | 孟子[孟轲] | |
| Chinese philosopher. Often considered to the most famous Confucian outside Confucius himself. | ||
Notes: Rarely referenced as Meng Ke (sometimes Meng Ko), his actual name. Best known as ‘Mencius’, a variation of the name Mengzi (孟子). Posthumously named Master Meng the Second Sage (亞聖孟子; Yàshèng Mèngzǐ). |
||
| Meng | 猛 | |
| Mêng | 猛 | |
| The Dugu clan of Tang trace their ancestry through this man. | ||
| Meng Da (Zijing) | 孟達 (子敬) | |
| Mêng Ta (Tzŭ-ching) | 孟达 (子敬) | |
| Refused aid to Guan Yu. Defeated by Sima Yi. In novel, kills Xu Huang. | ||
Notes: Meng Da was originally styled Zijing (子敬), but later changed his style to Zidu (子度) because the uncle of his lord, Liu Bei, was named Liu Jing. |
||
| Meng Dai | 孟岱 | |
| Mêng Tai | 孟岱 | |
| Warned Yuan Shao that Shen Pei planned to rebel but Shen Pei was too loyal. | ||
| Meng Guang (Xiaoyu) | 孟光 (孝裕) | |
| Mêng Kuang (Hsiao-yü) | 孟光 (孝裕) | |
| Raised concerns over Liu Xuan’s education, an arrogant but bright scholar. | ||
| Meng Jian (Gongwei) | 孟建 (公威) | |
| Mêng Chien (Kungwei) | 孟建 (公威) | |
| Friend of Xu Shu and Zhuge Liang. Joined Wei. Became Inspector of Liang Province. | ||
Notes: ‘Meng Gongwei’ in Romance of the Three Kingdoms (his style name is used). |
||
| Meng Yao | 孟曜 | |
| Mêng Yao | 孟曜 | |
| Helped Du Kui create music fit for the Imperial Court. Music which Du Kui’s moral objections meant it never got used. | ||
| Meng Yi | 孟溢 | |
| Mêng I | 孟溢 | |
| Sent to aid Gongsun Zan in the failed camapign against Zhang Ju and Zhang Chun. | ||
| Meng You | 孟優 | |
| Mêng Yu | 孟优 | |
| Meng Huo’s brother. Captured by Zhuge Liang. | ||
| Meng Zong (Gongwu) | 孟宗 (恭武) | |
| Mêng Tsung (Kung-wu) | 孟宗 (恭武) | |
| Officer of Sun Chen. | ||
Notes: Originally named Meng Ren (孟仁). |
||
| Mi Fang (Zifang) | 麋芳 (子方) | |
| Mi Fang (Tzŭ-fang) | 麋芳 (子方) | |
| Mi Zhu’s brother. Served all three kingdoms. Surrendered to Wu after threat of punishment from Guan Yu. | ||
| Mi Heng (Zhengping) | 彌衡 (正平) | |
| Mi Hêng (Chêng-p‘ing) | 弥衡 (正平) | |
| Reputable scholar. Infuriated Cao Cao’s officers with his audacious ways. | ||
Notes: Called Ni Heng in the ZZTJ. |
||
| Mi Zhu (Zizhong) | 麋竺 (子仲) | |
| Mi Chu (Tzŭ-chung) | 麋竺 (子仲) | |
| Served Shu. Mi Fang’s brother. Died shortly after Mi Fang’s betrayal. | ||
| Miao Pei (Wenya) | 繆裴 (文雅) | |
| Miao P‘ei (Wên-ya) | 缪裴 (文雅) | |
| Widely read in the classics, refused all offers of employment. | ||
| Miao Shang | 繆尚 | |
| Miao Shang | 缪尚 | |
| Was left behind by Zhang Yang’s killer to guard the area. | ||
| Miao Si | 苗祀 | |
| Miao Ssŭ | 苗祀 | |
| In charge of the residence of Empress Fu. Killed during the fighting in Hongnong. | ||
| Miao Xi (Xibo) | 繆襲 (熙伯) | |
| Miao Hsi (Hsi-po) | 缪袭 (熙伯) | |
| One of the historians that worked on the Wei shu. | ||
| Mijia | 彌加 | |
| Michia | 弥加 | |
| Allied with Tanshihuai, Wei and Kebineng. Established trading links with Wei. | ||
| Mijia | 彌加 | |
| Michia | 弥加 | |
| Xianbei chieftain who offered trade with Wei. | ||
| Min Chun (Bodian) | 閔純 (伯典) | |
| Min Ch‘un (Po-tien) | 闵纯 (伯典) | |
| Opposed surrendering to Yuan Shao and was executed. | ||
Notes: Guan Chun (關純) in Romance of the Three Kingdoms. These characters are from the original text, so Guan Chun is the proper novel translation. |
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| Min Gong | 閔貢 | |
| Min Kung | 闵贡 | |
| Han commander in the Henan district. Killed eunuch Duan Gui. Helped Emperor Shao. | ||
| Mo Si | 莫嗣 | |
| Mo Ssŭ | 莫嗣 | |
| Disapproved of the outlandish fashions among men and women’s clothing | ||
| Mu Bing (Dexing) | 沐并 (德信) | |
| Mu Ping (Tê-hsing) | 沐并 (德信) | |
| A poor orphan, became a man of strong principle, willing to face down powerful opposition. | ||
| Mu Shun | 穆順 | |
| Mu Shun | 穆顺 | |
| Plotted to save Emperor Xian with Empress Fu and Fu Wan. Executed by Cao Cao. | ||
| Nan Dou | 南斗 | |
| Nan Tou | 南斗 | |
| God in Koei’s Three Kingdoms. Reference to Star God/Lunar House Nandou (in Sagittarius). | ||
| Nalou | 那樓 | |
| Nalou | 那楼 | |
| A Wuhuan chieftain. Surrendered to Cao Cao after the Wuhuan’s defeat. | ||
| Nengchendi | 能臣抵 | |
| Nêngch‘ênti | 能臣抵 | |
| Wuhuan chieftain. Surrendered to Cao Cao in 207, but rebelled with Pufulu later on. | ||
| Ning Sui | 甯隨 | |
| Ning Sui | 宁随 | |
| Officer in Shu’s later years. Offered Jiang Wei a plan that repelled Deng Ai. | ||
| Niu Dan | 牛亶 | |
| Niu Tan | 牛亶 | |
| Sent by the Han to replace Liu Zhang when Zhao Wei rebelled. | ||
| Niu Fu | 牛輔 | |
| Niu Fu | 牛辅 | |
| Fought against Lü Bu and Li Su, after Dong Zhuo’s death. Killed by Hu Che’er. | ||
Notes: In Koei’s Dynasty Warriors 2-4 his name was presented as ‘Niou Fu’. |
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| Niu Gai | 牛蓋 | |
| Niu Kai | 牛盖 | |
| Helped defeat Mei Cheng and Chen Lan at Heavenly Pillar in 207. | ||
| Niu Jin | 牛金 | |
| Niu Chin | 牛金 | |
| Subordinate of Cao Ren. Attacked Zhou Yu’s camp at Nanjun, but was defeated and rescued by Cao Ren. | ||
| Nüwa (Nu Wa) | 女媧 | |
| Nüwa (Nu Wa) | 女娲 | |
| Chinese goddess. Created mankind from the yellow earth and repaired the Wall of Heaven. | ||
| Pan Jun (Chengming) | 潘濬 (承明) | |
| P‘an Chün (Ch‘êng-ming) | 潘浚 (承明) | |
| Began his career under Liu Biao then Liu Bei. After Guan Yu’s death, served in Wu. | ||
| Pan Lin | 潘臨 | |
| P‘an Lin | 潘临 | |
| Scourge of the area, kept evading capture until Lu Xun led an army against him. | ||
| Pan Miao | 番苗 | |
| P‘an Miao | 番苗 | |
| Killed Dan Meng following his brother’s death. | ||
| Pan Xin | 番歆 | |
| P‘an Hsin | 番歆 | |
| Snubbed Dan Meng’s father-in-law at a banquet and was put to death. | ||
| Pan Xu (Yuanmao) | 潘勗 (元茂) | |
| P‘an Hsü (Yüan-mao) | 潘勖 (元茂) | |
| Wrote up the the proclamation that made Cao Cao Duke of Wei. | ||
| Pan Yin | 潘隱 | |
| P‘an Yin | 潘隐 | |
| Warned He Jin of Jian Shou’s plot and then of the Emperor’s death. | ||
| Pan Zhang (Wengui) | 潘璋 (文珪) | |
| P‘an Chang | 潘璋 (文珪) | |
| Served Wu. Led the forces which captured Guan Yu and his son, Guan Ping. | ||
| Pang De (Lingming) | 龐德 (令明) | |
| P‘ang Tê (Ling-ming) | 庞德 (令明) | |
| Served Ma Chao, Zhang Lu, then Cao Cao. Fought against Guan Yu at Fancheng. | ||
| Pang Degong (Shanmin) | 庞德公 (山民) | |
| P‘ang Têkung (Shan-min) | 庞德公 (山民) | |
| A famed scholar. Uncle of Pang Tong. | ||
Notes: Sima Hui called him Pang Gong as a nickname and therefore his name is sometimes mistranslated as such. |
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| Pang Hong (Jushi) | 龐宏 (巨師) | |
| P‘ang Hung (Chü-shih) | 庞宏 (巨师) | |
| Son of Pang Tong. Joined Wei with Huang Quan after the Shu army’s defeat by Wu. | ||
| Pang Huan (Shiwen) | 龐渙 (世文) | |
| P‘ang Huan (Shih-wên) | 庞涣 (世文) | |
| Son of Pang Degong. | ||
| Pang Hui | 龐會 | |
| P‘ang Hui | 庞会 | |
| Pang De’s son. Had Guan Yu’s clan exterminated after Shu’s surrender. | ||
| Pang Juan | 龐涓 | |
| P‘ang Chüan | 庞涓 | |
| General of the state of Wei in the Warring States Period. | ||
| Pang Lin | 龐林 | |
| P‘ang Lin | 庞林 | |
| Surrendered to Wei with Huang Quan, where Lin was reunited with his wife. | ||
| Pang Rou | 龐柔 | |
| P‘ang Jou | 庞柔 | |
| Cousin of Pang De, his service to Shu cast doubts on Pang De’s loyalty. | ||
| Pang Shu | 龐舒 | |
| P‘ang Shu | 庞舒 | |
| Sheltered Lü Bu and his family in Chang’an. Executed by Li Jue and Guo Si. | ||
| Pang Tong (Shiyuan) | 龐統 (士元) | |
| P‘ang T‘ung (Shih-yüan) | 庞统 (士元) | |
| Friend of Sima Hui’s and Shu’s “Fledgling Phoenix.” Killed by an arrow at Luocheng. | ||
| Pang Xi | 龐羲 | |
| P‘ang Hsi | 庞羲 | |
| A friend of Liu Yan. Collected his grandchildren and brought them to Shu. | ||
| Pang Yu (Ziyi) | 龐淯 (子異) | |
| P‘ang Yü (Tzŭ-i) | 庞淯 (子异) | |
| Fillial man, helped avenge grandfather and tried to avenge master. | ||
| Pang Yue | 龐樂 | |
| P‘ang Yüeh | 庞乐 | |
| With Li Yi, turned against Zhao Wei and killed him. | ||
| Pei Hui (Wenji) | 裴徽 | |
| P‘ei Hui (Wên-chi) | 裴徽 | |
| Talented scholar and friends with many great men. Settled rivalry between Xun Can and Fu Gu. | ||
| Pei Mao (Juguang) | 裴茂 (巨光) | |
| P‘ei Mao (Chü-kuang) | 裴茂 (巨光) | |
| Sent by Xian to give Cao Cao the Golden Seal. Took part in Li Jue’s death. | ||
| Pei Qian (Wenxing) | 裴潛 (文行) | |
| P‘ei Ch‘ien (Wên-hsing) | 裴潜 (文行) | |
| Refused service with Liu Biao, he dealt with the Shanyu without an army. | ||
| Pei Songzhi (Shiqi) | 裴松之 (世期) | |
| P‘ei Sungchih (Shih-ch‘i) | 裴松之 (世期) | |
| Annotated Chen Shou’s Sanguozhi with numerous and extensive footnotes. | ||
| Pei Xiu (Jiyan) | 裴秀 (季彥) | |
| P‘ei Hsiu (Chi-yen) | 裴秀 (季彦) | |
| Advisor to Sima Zhao. Advised against making Sima You heir. | ||
| Pei Xuan (Yanhuang) | 裴玄 (彥黃) | |
| P‘ei Hsüan (Yen-huang) | 裴玄 (彦黄) | |
| Evaluated by Bu Zhi. A leader scholar, he worked on texts along with Yang Jun. | ||
| Peng Hu | 彭虎 | |
| P‘êng Hu | 彭虎 | |
| Raised ten thousand men under his control, fled on sight of Wu forces. | ||
| Peng Tuo | 彭脫 | |
| P‘êng T‘o | 彭脱 | |
| Defeated by Huangfu Song and Zhu Jun. | ||
| Peng Yang (Yongnian) | 彭羕 (永年) | |
| P‘êng Yang (Yung-nien) | 彭羕 (永年) | |
| Friend of Meng Da, plotted revolt against Liu Bei. Repented but still executed. | ||
| Pufulu | 普富盧 | |
| P‘ufulu | 普富卢 | |
| Wuhuan Chieftain in Dai. Surrendered to Cao Cao, rebelled, and was pacified by Cao Zhang. | ||
| Puyang Xing (Ziyuan) | 濮陽興 (子元) | |
| P‘uyang Hsing (Tzŭ-yüan) | 濮阳兴 (子元) | |
| Supported Sun Hao after Sun Xiu died, helping to elevate him to Emperor. | ||
| Qi Zhou | 齊周 | |
| Ch‘i Chou | 齐周 | |
| A clerical officer, joined in the revolt against Gongsun Zan under Liu He. | ||
| Qian Bo | 錢博 | |
| Ch‘ien Po | 钱博 | |
| Local chieftain who surrendered to Lü Dai. | ||
| Qian Hong | 牽弘 | |
| Ch‘ien Hung | 牵弘 | |
| Served Wei. District Governor of Jincheng before helping Deng Ai’s invasion of Shu. | ||
| Qian Tong | 錢銅 | |
| Ch‘ien T‘ung | 钱铜 | |
| Led forces against Sun Ce but was defeated. | ||
| Qian Zhao (Zijing) | 牽招 (子經) | |
| Ch‘ien Chao (Tzŭ-ching) | 牵招 (子经) | |
| Persuaded the Wuhuan to side with Cao Cao over the Yuan’s. Mourned Yuan Shang. | ||
| Qiangduan | 強端 | |
| Ch’iang-tuan | 强端 | |
| A member of the Di at Yinping who executed Wu Lan and sent his head to Wei. | ||
| Qiao Mao (Yuanwei) | 喬瑁 (元偉) | |
| Ch‘iao Mao (Yüan-wei) | 乔瑁 (元伟) | |
| Forged decree against Dong Zhuo. Was killed by his enemy Liu Dai. | ||
| Qiao Rui | 橋蕤 | |
| Ch‘iao Jui | 桥蕤 | |
| Officer of Yuan Shu. Fought with Cao Cao’s forces, but was killed by Xiahou Dun. | ||
| Qiao Xuan (Gongzu) | 橋玄 (公祖) | |
| Ch‘iao Hsüan (Kung-tsu) | 桥玄 (公祖) | |
| Recognised Cao Cao’s talent and predicted Han would collapse. Noble offical. | ||
Notes: ‘State Patriarch Qiao’ in the Brewitt-Taylor translation. |
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| Qiao Zhou (Yunnan) | 譙周 (允南) | |
| Ch‘iao Chou (Yün-nan) | 谯周 (允南) | |
| Historian and teacher, advised Liu Shan to surrender. Opposed Jiang Wei and Huang Hao. | ||
| Qimu Kai | 綦母闓 | |
| Ch‘imu K‘ai | 綦母闓 | |
| Scholar in Liu Biao’s court. Produced the “Later Edition” with Song Zhong. | ||
Notes: ‘Lord Qimu’ is referenced in SGZ: Wei 8 with a similar background to Qimu Kai. It is likely that ‘Lord Qimu’ and Qimu Kai are the same person. |
||
| Qin Lang | 秦狼 | |
| Ch‘in Lang | 秦狼 | |
| Raised men in revolt but was defeated and captured by Jiang Qin. | ||
| Qin Lang (Yuanming) | 秦朗 (元明) | |
| Ch‘in Lang (Yüan-ming) | 秦朗 (元明) | |
| Served under Sima Yi. Killed in a trap set by Zhuge Liang. | ||
| Qin Mi (Zichi) | 秦宓 (子質) | |
| Ch‘in Mi (Tzŭ-ch‘ih) | 秦宓 (子质) | |
| Rebuked Jian Yong for his arrogance, thrown in jail for opposing the invasion of Wu. | ||
| Qin Qingtong | 秦慶童 | |
| Ch‘in Ch‘ingt‘ung | 秦庆童 | |
| Servant of Dong Cheng. Punished for talking with Yun Ying. Betrayed him to Cao Cao. | ||
Notes: Mistranslated as ‘Quin Quington’ in the online Brewitt-Taylor edition. Another calls him ‘Qui Lici’. |
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| Qin Shao (Bonan) | 秦召 (伯南) | |
| Ch‘in Shao (Po-nan) | 秦召 (伯南) | |
| Saved Cao Cao’s life at the cost of his own, his son was adopted by Cao Cao. | ||
| Qin Song (Wenbiao) | 秦松 (文表) | |
| Ch‘in Sung (Wên-piao) | 秦松 (文表) | |
| Served Sun Ce as an advisor, but died young. Usually appeared around Zhang Zhao. | ||
| Qin Xie (Chuqi) | 秦頡 (初起) | |
| Ch‘in Hsieh (Ch‘u-ch‘i) | 秦颉 (初起) | |
| Killed Zhang Mancheng and Han Zhong before being killed in a mutiny. | ||
Notes: Also known as Qin Jie. |
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| Qin Yi | 秦誼 | |
| Ch‘in I | 秦谊 | |
| Swordsman, helped kill Dong Zhuo, dressing up as a guard to do so. | ||
| Qin Yilu | 秦宜祿 | |
| Ch‘in Ilu | 秦宜禄 | |
| Sent to ask for reinforcements, his wife was taken by Cao Cao. Killed by Zhang Fei. | ||
| Qiu Jian | 丘建 | |
| Ch‘iu Chien | 丘建 | |
| Commander of Zhong Hui, helped warn Wei forces of Zhong Hui’s revolt. | ||
| Qiuliju | 丘力居 | |
| Ch‘iulichü | 丘力居 | |
| Raided the Han. Defeated by Gongsun Zan but counter attack wiped out 60% of Zan’s army. | ||
| Qu Gong | 瞿恭 | |
| Ch‘ü Kung | 瞿恭 | |
| Bandit who was defeated and killed by Li Tong. | ||
| Qu Mu | 渠穆 | |
| Ch‘ü Mu | 渠穆 | |
| Killed He Jin and cut off his head. | ||
| Qu Yan | 麹演 | |
| Ch‘ü Yen | 麹演 | |
| Part of leading clan of Xiping, he helped kill Han Sui. Refused to accept Zou Qi. | ||
| Qu Yi | 麴義 | |
| Ch‘ü I | 麴义 | |
| Defeated Han Fu, Yufulou and destroyed Gongsun Zan. Became arrogant and was executed. | ||
| Quan Cong (Zihuang) | 全琮 (子璜) | |
| Ch‘üan Ts‘ung (Tzŭ-huang) | 全琮 (子璜) | |
| Son of Quan Rou and son-in-law of Sun Quan. Served Wu as general and advisor. | ||
Notes: His name is frequently written ‘Quan Zong’, but this is incorrect. |
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| Quan Duan | 全端 | |
| Ch‘üan Tuan | 全端 | |
| Defended Shouchun during Zhuge Dan’s rebellion, but surrendered to Wei. | ||
| Quan Ji | 全紀 | |
| Ch‘üan Chi | 全纪 | |
| Brother-in-law of Sun Liang. Ordered to kill Sun Chen by Sun Liang, but was executed. | ||
| Quan Jing | 全静 | |
| Ch‘üan Ching | 全静 | |
| Son of Quan Cong who defected to Wei. | ||
| Quan Rou | 全柔 | |
| Ch‘üan Jou | 全柔 | |
| Man of local family. Managed to bring in grain during famine. | ||
| Quan Shang | 全尚 | |
| Ch‘üan Shang | 全尚 | |
| Father of Quan Ji. Was killed after his wife revealed his son’s plot against Sun Chen. | ||
| Quan Yi | 全懌 | |
| Ch‘üan I | 全懌 | |
| Quan Cong’s son. Sent to aid Zhuge Dan’s rebellion, but surrendered to Wei. | ||
| Quan Yi | 全禕 | |
| Ch‘üan I | 全祎 | |
| Conspired with Geng Ji and Wei Huang to abduct the Han Emperor. | ||
| Quan Yi | 全懌 | |
| Ch‘üan I | 全懌 | |
| Quan Xu’s (perhaps Quan Duan’s) son. Quan Zong’s grandson. Quan Yi’s nephew. | ||
| Que Jian | 卻儉 | |
| Ch‘üeh Chien | 却俭 | |
| Liu Yan’s predecessor, his attempt to raise levies caused revolts. Favorite of Emperor Ling. | ||
| Que Xuan | 闕宣 | |
| Ch‘üeh Hsüan | 阙宣 | |
| With Tao Qian’s support, declared himself Son of Heaven but was later killed by Qian. | ||
| Queji | 闕機 | |
| Ch‘üehchi | 阙机 | |
| Xianbei leader. Persuaded by Yan Rou to set up trade relations with Cao Cao. | ||
| Rao Zhu | 饒助 | |
| Jao Chu | 饶助 | |
| Hired to help bring the people of Lujiang over to Wu. | ||
| Raolong Zong | 擾龍宗 | |
| Jaolung Tsung | 扰龙宗 | |
| Delivering a report, he forgot to take off his sword and was killed by Dong Zhuo. | ||
| Red Hare [Chituma] | 赤兔[赤兔馬] | |
| Red Hare [Ch‘iht‘uma] | 赤兔[赤兔马] | |
| Lü Bu’s famed horse. “Among men, Lü Bu; among horses, Red Hare.” Novel: Later given to Guan Yu by Cao Cao. | ||
| Ren Fu | 任福 | |
| Jen Fu | 任福 | |
| Wei general who defeated the rebel Cai Fang. | ||
| Ren Fan | 任籓 | |
| Jên Fan | 任籓 | |
| Was involved in petitioning for Cao Cao to be made Duke. | ||
| Ren Kui | 任夔 | |
| Jên K‘uei | 任夔 | |
| Advised attacking Cao Hong early but the plan resulted in Kui’s death. | ||
| Ren Lan | 任覽 | |
| Jên Lan | 任览 | |
| Friend of Wei Feng, forewarned by Zheng Mao of Wei Feng’s ambitions. | ||
| Ren Qi | 任岐 | |
| Jên Ch‘i | 任岐 | |
| Raised troops against Liu Yan but was defeated and killed. | ||
| Ren Jun (Boda) | 任峻 (伯達) | |
| Jên Chün (Po-ta) | 任峻 (伯达) | |
| Looked after military stores with Mao Jie. | ||
| Rong Ge | 榮邰 | |
| Jung Ko | 荣邰 | |
| Held hostage by Guo Si. | ||
| Ruan Ji | 阮籍 | |
| Juan Chi | 阮籍 | |
| One of the Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove. He was also one of the compilers of the Wei shu. | ||
| Ruan Xian | 阮咸 | |
| Juan Hsien | 阮咸 | |
| One of the Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove, criticized for chasing after his slave lover. | ||
| Ruan Xian (Zhongrong) | 阮咸 (仲容) | |
| Juan Hsien (Chung-jung) | 阮咸 (仲容) | |
| One of the Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove and nephew of Ruan Ji. | ||
| Ruan Yu (Yuanyu) | 阮瑀 (元瑜) | |
| Juan Yü (Yüan-yü) | 阮瑀 (元瑜) | |
| One of the Seven Jian’an Masters, studied under Cai Yong. | ||
| Rui Liang (Wenluan) | 芮良 (文鸾) | |
| Jui Liang (Wên-luan) | 芮良 (文鸾) | |
| Officer under Sun Ce who participated in the Jiangdong campaigns. Died in the late 190’s. | ||
| Rui Xuan (Wenbiao) | 芮玄 (文表) | |
| Jui Hsüan (Wên-piao) | 芮玄 (文表) | |
| Succeeded his brother’s position and was made Marquis of Liyang. | ||
| Rui Zhi (Xuansi) | 芮祉 (宣嗣) | |
| Jui Chih (Hsüan-ssŭ) | 芮祉 (宣嗣) | |
| An officer of Sun Jian and Sun Ce. A man from Danyang. | ||
| Shamohan | 沙末汗 | |
| Shamohan | 沙末汗 | |
| After his father’s death, the Han court under Cao Cao confirmed him as a king. | ||
| Shan Jing | 單經 | |
| Shan Ching | 单经 | |
| Sent to aid Tao Qian against Cao Cao but defeated at Pingyuan. | ||
| Shan Tao | 山濤 | |
| Shan T‘ao | 山涛 | |
| One of the Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove. He was the only Sage involved in politics. | ||
| Shan Yang | 單颺 | |
| Shan Yang | 单飏 | |
| Asked by Qiao Xuan for interpretation of an omen, and predicted Cao Pi’s ascension to the throne. | ||
| Shang Sheng | 商升 | |
| Shang Shêng | 商升 | |
| Opposed Sun Ce and defeated Han Yan. Wanted to surrender to He Qi but was murdered by his vassals. | ||
| Shang Yao | 商曜 | |
| Shang Yao | 商曜 | |
| Bandit. Rebelled and took Daling but was killed by the forces of Xu Huang and Xiahou Yuan. | ||
| Shao Ti (Yuanbo) | 邵悌 (元伯) | |
| Shao T‘i (Yüan-po) | 邵悌 (元伯) | |
| Advisor of Sima Zhao’s. Warned Sima Zhao about trusting Zhong Hui. | ||
| She Jian (Wengu) | 射堅 (文固) | |
| Shê Chien | 射坚 (文固) | |
| Of good repute, sacked during time of famine, went to Yi from Chang’an. | ||
| She Yuan (Wenxiong) | 射援 (文雄) | |
| Shê Yüan (Wên-hsiung) | 射援 (文雄) | |
| Of good reputation, Huangfu Song admired his talents. Memorialised Liu Bei be King of Hanzhong. | ||
| Shen Cheng | 沈成 | |
| Shên Ch‘êng | 沈成 | |
| Bandit who was defeated and killed by Li Tong. | ||
Notes: Shen 沈 can also be translated as Chen, but this translation is not used in surnames. That said, you will still find him under the name Chen Cheng. |
||
| Shen Dan (Yiju) | 申耽 (義舉) | |
| Shên Tan (I-chü) | 申耽 (义举) | |
| Brother of Shen Yi. Governor of Shangyong. Surrendered from Wei to Shu to Wei. | ||
| Shen Mi | 沈彌 | |
| Shên Mi | 沈弥 | |
| Took part in revolt against Liu Zhang but was defeated and fled to Jing. | ||
| Shen Pei (Zhengnan) | 審配 (正南) | |
| Shên P‘ei (Chêng-nan) | 审配 (正南) | |
| Served Yuan Shao with loyalty. After Shao’s death, sided with his youngest son, Shang. | ||
| Shen Rong | 審榮 | |
| Shên Jung | 审荣 | |
| Nephew of Shen Pei. Betrayed Jizhou after the family of his friend, Xin Pi, was executed. | ||
| Shen Yi | 申儀 | |
| Shên I | 申仪 | |
| Brother of Shen Dan. Friend of Meng Da. Surrendered from Wei to Shu then again to Wei. | ||
| Shen Ying | 沈瑩 | |
| Shên Ying | 沈莹 | |
| General of the Left under Sun Hao who was slain during Jin’s conquest of Wu. | ||
Notes: Also called Shen Rong in the online Brewitt-Taylor edition. |
||
| Shen You (Zizheng) | 沈友 (子正) | |
| Shên Yu (Tzŭ-ch‘êng) | 沈友 (子正) | |
| Compiled commentary on art of war, alienated from Sun Quan who later killed him. | ||
| Sheng Dao | 盛道 | |
| Shêng Tao | 盛道 | |
| Joined a failed revolt vs. Liu Zhang. His wife sacrificed herself to save him from execution | ||
| Sheng Man | 盛曼 | |
| Shêng Man | 盛曼 | |
| Served Wu. Made war with Wei following the subjugation of Shu in 264. | ||
Notes: Sometimes he also appears as Cheng Man. |
||
| Sheng Xian (Xiaozhang) | 盛憲 (孝章) | |
| Shêng Hsien (Hsiao-chang) | 盛宪 (孝章) | |
| Helped in resistance to Sun Ce, had quite a reputation. Killed by Sun Quan. | ||
| Shensheng [Prince Shensheng of Jin] | 申生 | |
| Shênshêng [Prince Shênshêng of Chin] | 申生 | |
| Spring and Autumn Period. Half-brother to Chong’er, eldest son of Duke Xian of Jin. | ||
Notes: ‘Shen Sheng’ in the online Brewitt-Taylor translation. ‘Er Shensheng’ in the Moss Roberts translation. |
||
| Shentu Pan (Zilong) | 申屠蟠 (子龍) | |
| Shênt‘u P‘an (Tzŭ-lung) | 申屠蟠 (子龙) | |
| Refused appointment and when Dong Zhuo tried to hire him, laughed at the idea. | ||
| Shi Bao (Zhongrong) | 石苞 (仲容) | |
| Shih Pao (Chung-jung) | 石苞 (仲容) | |
| Army Inspector. Later promoted Commander of the Flying Cavalry. | ||
| Shi He | 史郃 | |
| Shih Ho | 史郃 | |
| Surrendered to Wei alongside Huang Quan. | ||
| Shi Huan (Gongliu) | 史渙 (公劉) | |
| Shih Huan (Kungliu) | 史涣 (公刘) | |
| General of Xu Huang, captured messenger which gave them vital information. | ||
| Shi Huang | 史璜 | |
| Shih Huang | 史璜 | |
| His death caused conflict as the Han ordered Shi Xie to defeat Liu Biao’s replacements. | ||
| Shi Shuo | 施朔 | |
| Shih Shuo | 施朔 | |
| Imperial Guard under Sun Xiu who reported Sun Chen’s rebellion. | ||
| Shi Tao (Guangyuan) | 石韜 (廣元) | |
| Shih T‘ao (Kuang-yüan) | 石韬 (广元) | |
| Old friend of Zhuge Liang. Joined Cao Cao with Xu Shu and worked on agriculture. | ||
Notes: ‘Shi Guangyuan’ in Romance of the Three Kingdoms (his style name is used). |
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| Shi Xie (Weiyan) | 士燮 (威彥) | |
| Shih Hsieh (Wei-yen) | 士燮 (威彦) | |
| Grand Administrator of Jiaozhi. Paid regular tribute to Sun Quan. | ||
| Shi Zuan | 師纂 | |
| Shih Tsuan | 师纂 | |
| Joined Deng Ai’s attack on the Riverlands. Was made Imperial Protector of Yizhou. | ||
| Sima Fang (Jiangong) | 司馬防 (建公) | |
| Ssŭma Fang (Chienkung) | 司马防 (建公) | |
| Sima Yi’s father. An honest hermit who had a sense of public duty. | ||
| Sima Fu (Shuda) | 司馬孚 (叔達) | |
| Ssŭma Fu (Shu-ta) | 司马孚 (叔达) | |
| Served Wei loyally to the end, weeping over Cao Mao’s corpse and refusing Jin princedom. | ||
| Sima Guang (Junshi) | 司馬光 (君實) | |
| Ssŭma Kuang (Chün-shih) | 司马光 (君实) | |
| Authored the Warring States to Song Dynasty historical text, Zizhi tongjian. | ||
Notes: Also known as Sushui Xiansheng (涑水先生). Alternative style name (or hao 號) Yusou (taken late in his life). Posthumously given the honorary title (Shi or 謚) Wenzheng (文正), thus Sima Wenzhenggong (司馬文正公). |
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| Sima Hui (Decao) | 司馬徽 (德操) | |
| Ssŭma Hui (Tê-ts‘ao) | 司马徽 (德操) | |
| Named ‘Water Mirror’ by Pang Degong. Former teacher of Zhuge Liang and Pang Tong. | ||
| Sima Jin (Huida) | 司馬進 (惠達) | |
| Ssŭma Chin (Hui-ta) | 司马进 (惠达) | |
| 6th son of Sima Fang, he would hold a minor court office under Wei. His son, Ti, would be enfeoffed as a King when Sima Yan took the throne. | ||
| Sima Jun (Yuanyi) | 司馬儁 (元異) | |
| Ssŭma Chün (Yüan-i) | 司马儁 (元异) | |
| Grandfather of Sima Yi. Governor of Yingchuan. | ||
Notes: ‘Sima Juan’ in the Moss Roberts translation and online Brewitt-Taylor translations. ‘Sima Jun’ in Rafe de Crespigny’s works. |
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| Sima Kui (Jida) | 司馬馗 (季達) | |
| Ssŭma K‘uei (Chi-ta) | 司马馗 (季达) | |
| 4th Son of Sima Fang, he would be a Chancellor of Lu and later awarded a marquisate. | ||
| Sima Lang (Boda) | 司馬朗 (伯達) | |
| Ssŭma Lang (Po-ta) | 司马朗 (伯达) | |
| Humane offical, his governing was popular with the people. | ||
| Sima Ling | 司馬陵 | |
| Ssŭma Ling | 司马陵 | |
| Son of Sima Tong, he was enfeoffed as a King when Sima Yan became Emperor. | ||
| Sima Lou | 司馬樓 | |
| Ssŭma Lou | 司马楼 | |
| Helped Cao Cao onto a horse after he had fallen while fleeing from Lü Bu. | ||
| Sima Min (Youda) | 司馬敏 (幼達) | |
| Ssŭma Min (Yu-ta) | 司马敏 (幼达) | |
| Youngest son of Sima Fang, he died young and left no heirs. | ||
| Sima Quan | 司馬權 | |
| Ssŭma Ch‘üan | 司马权 | |
| Son of Sima Kui, he was enfeoffed as a King upon Sima Yan becoming Emperor. | ||
| Sima Shi (Ziyuan) | 司馬師 (子元) | |
| Ssŭma Shih (Tzŭ-yüan) | 司马师 (子元) | |
| Sima Yi’s son. Instrumental in the rise of Jin. | ||
| Sima Sui | 司馬遂 | |
| Ssŭma Sui | 司马遂 | |
| Son of Sima Xun, he was enfeoffed as a King when Sima Yan became Emperor. | ||
| Sima Ti | 司馬悌 | |
| Ssŭma T‘i | 司马悌 | |
| Son of Sima Jin, he was enfeoffed as a King when Sima Yan became Emperor. | ||
| Sima Tong (Yada) | 司馬同 (雅達) | |
| Ssŭma T‘ung (Ya-ta) | 司马同 (雅达) | |
| 7th son of Sima Fang, he served on the staff of the Director of Retainers and was enfeoffed. | ||
| Sima Wang (Zichu) | 司馬望 (子初) | |
| Ssŭma Wang (Tzŭ-ch‘u) | 司马望 (子初) | |
| Fought Shu with Deng Ai, ambushed and killed Xiahou Ba. | ||
| Sima Xun (Xianda) | 司馬恂 (顯達) | |
| Ssŭma Hsün (Hsien-ta) | 司马恂 (显达) | |
| Son of Sima Fang, was a mid-ranking civil officer under Wei. | ||
| Sima Yan (Anshi) | 司馬炎 (安世) | |
| Ssŭma Yen (An-shih) | 司马炎 (安世) | |
| Installed as the first Emperor of the Jin Dynasty. | ||
Notes: Known formally as Emperor Wu of Jin. |
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| Sima Yi (Zhongda) | 司馬懿 (仲達) | |
| Ssŭma I (Chung-ta) | 司马懿 (仲达) | |
| A skilled advisor of the Wei kingdom. His efforts laid the foundation of Jin. | ||
| Sima You (Dayou) | 司馬攸 (大猷) | |
| Ssŭma Yu (Ta-yu) | 司马攸 (大猷) | |
| Second son of Sima Zhao. Known as a kind and warm-natured man. | ||
| Sima Zhao (Zishang) | 司馬昭 (子上) | |
| Ssŭma Chao (Tzŭ-shang) | 司马昭 (子上) | |
| Son of Sima Yi. Father of Sima Yan. Controlled the Wei army after his brother, Shi’s, death. | ||
| Sima Zhi (Zihua) | 司馬芝 (子華) | |
| Ssŭma Chih (Tzŭ-hua) | 司马芝 (子华) | |
| Wei civil officer who served three generations of the Cao family. | ||
| Sima Zhou (Zijiang) | 司馬伷 (子將) | |
| Ssŭma Chou (Tzŭ-chiang) | 司马伷 (子将) | |
| Led the force to which Sun Hao offered his seal and surrendered. | ||
| Song Guo | 宋果 | |
| Sung Kuo | 宋果 | |
| Proposed to Yang Feng that they should betray Li Jue. Overheard and killed by Li Jue. | ||
Notes: Also called Song Ye. |
||
| Song Jian | 宋建 | |
| Sung Chien | 宋建 | |
| Rebelled against the Han for over thirty years until he was defeated by Xiahou Yuan. | ||
| Song Jie | 宋階 | |
| Sung Chieh | 宋阶 | |
| Served Wei. Friend of Cui Yan who died young. | ||
| Song Qi | 宋奇 | |
| Song Ch’i | 宋奇 | |
| Husband of Cao Cao’s second cousin. He was executed and caused the removal from office of all those related to him. | ||
| Song Qian | 宋謙 | |
| Sung Ch‘ien | 宋谦 | |
| Served Wu. In the novel, is killed by Li Dian at Hefei, but historically fights at Yiling. | ||
| Song Xian | 宋憲 | |
| Sung Hsien | 宋宪 | |
| Served Lü Bu, but joined Cao Cao after Hou Cheng was punished. Killed by Yan Liang. | ||
| Song Yang | 宋揚 | |
| Song Yang | 宋扬 | |
| A rebel alongside Han Sui, Bian Zhang and Beigong Yu. | ||
| Song Zhong (Zhongzi) | 宋忠 | |
| Sung Chung [Tsung] (Chung-tzŭ) | 宋忠 | |
| Scholar under Liu Biao with Qimu Kai. Sent by Liu Cong to surrender to Cao Cao. | ||
Notes: Song Zhong’s name may have been written Song Zong 宋宗. |
||
| Su Fei | 蘇飛 | |
| Su Fei | 苏飞 | |
| Convinced Gan Ning to leave Huang Zu and join Sun Quan. | ||
| Su Qin | 蘇秦 | |
| Su Ch‘in | 苏秦 | |
| Su Qin was an influential political strategist during the Warring States Period. | ||
| Su Shi [Su Dongpo] (Zizhan) | 蘇軾[蘇東坡] (子瞻) | |
| Su Shih [Su Tungp‘o] (Tzŭ-chan) | 苏轼[苏东坡] (子瞻) | |
| Song Dynasty writer, poet, artist, calligrapher, pharmacologist and statesman. | ||
Notes: Su Shi (蘇軾), styled Zizhan (子瞻), went by the pseudonym Dongpo Jushi (東坡居士; “The Scholar in Retirement at Eastern Slope”), and is often referenced as Su Dongpo (蘇東坡). |
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| Su Shuang | 蘇雙 | |
| Su Shuang | 苏双 | |
| Horse trader from Zhongshan with Zhang Shiping. Supplied Liu Bei’s first armed force. | ||
| Su You | 蘇由 | |
| Su Yu | 苏由 | |
| Defended Ji when Yuan Shang went to help his brother against Cao Cao. | ||
| Su Yue | 蘇越 | |
| Su Yüeh | 苏越 | |
| Hired to build a new palace for Cao Cao, tree he picks bleeds. | ||
| Su Ze (Wenshi) | 蘇則 (文師) | |
| Su Tsê (Wên-shih) | 苏则 (文师) | |
| Considered Wei’s best frontier General, fiercely honest. Died after argument with Cao Pi. | ||
Notes: Called Sun Tse in Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms. |
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| Sui Gu (Botu) | 眭固 (白兔) | |
| Sui Ku (Poi-t‘u) | 眭固 (白兔) | |
| Killed Yang Chou who had killed Zhang Yang. Turned to Yuan Shao but killed in battle. | ||
Notes: You will also find him referenced as Gui Gu and Kui Gu. In Moss Roberts’ translation he isn’t mentioned by name. ‘Kui Gu’ in the online Brewitt-Taylor translation. Koei, until recently, referenced him as Gui Gu. Bo 白 in his style is frequently translated as Bai, thus Baitu. Sidenote: his style, Botu (白兔) literally translates to ‘White Rabbit’. |
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| Sui Yuanjin | 眭元進 | |
| Sui Yüanchin | 眭元进 | |
| Part of the defenders of Yuan Shao’s supply camp, captured and executed. | ||
| Suli | 素利 | |
| Suli | 素利 | |
| Xianbei chieftain who offered trade with Wei. Later attacked by Kebineng. | ||
| Sun Ba (Ziwei) | 孫霸 (子威) | |
| Sun Pa (Tzŭ-wei) | 孙霸 (子威) | |
| He fought bitterly with his once close brother, Sun He, for succession. Forced into suicide. | ||
| Sun Ben (Boyang) | 孫賁 (伯陽) | |
| Sun Pên (Po-yang) | 孙贲 (伯阳) | |
| Inherited Sun Jian’s troops and served Yuan Shu, then Sun Ce. Died of illness after Chibi. | ||
| Sun Ce (Bofu) | 孫策 (伯符) | |
| Sun Ts‘ê (Po-fu) | 孙策 (伯符) | |
| Sun Jian’s oldest son. Built the foundation of the Wu kingdom. | ||
| Sun Chen (Zitong) | 孫綝 (子通) | |
| Sun Ch‘ên (Tzŭ-t‘ung) | 孙綝 (子通) | |
| Executed a number of Wu officials and abused his authority, deposed Sun Liang. | ||
Notes: Sometimes ‘綝’ is incorrectly translated as lin2, thus ‘Sun Lin’. |
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| Sun Deng (Zigao) | 孫登 (子高) | |
| Sun Têng (Tzŭ-kao) | 孙登 (子高) | |
| Set to be Quan’s successor, but died young. Kind and sought out goodness. | ||
| Sun Feng | 孫奉 | |
| Sun Fêng | 孙奉 | |
| Sun Hao saw him as a threat and made up crimes against him in order to execute him. | ||
| Sun Fu (Guoyi) | 孫府 (國儀) | |
| Sun Fu (Kuo-i) | 孙府 (国仪) | |
| Second son of Sun Qiang. Imprisoned after trying to surrender to Cao Cao. | ||
| Sun Gao | 孫高 | |
| Sun Kao | 孙高 | |
| Old general of Sun Yi, avenged the death of his master. | ||
| Sun Gao | 孫暠 | |
| Sun Kao | 孙皓 | |
| Contemplated a coup against Sun Quan but decided against. | ||
Notes: Called Sun Hao in SGZ. Not to be confused with Sun Hao, Emperor of Wu. |
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| Sun Hao (Yuanzong) | 孫皓 (元宗) | |
| Sun Hao (Yüan-tsung) | 孙皓 (元宗) | |
| Last Emperor of Wu. Destroyed the country through tyranical rule and wasteful projects. | ||
Notes: Called “Peng Zu” by Sun Quan after his birth. |
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| Sun He (Zixiao) | 孫和 (子孝) | |
| Sun Ho (Tzŭ-hsiao) | 孙和 (子孝) | |
| Heir to Sun Quan but quarrelled with his brother Sun Ba. Dismissed by his father. | ||
| Sun He (Bohai) | 孫河 (伯海) | |
| Sun Ho (Po-hai) | 孙河 (伯海) | |
| Investigated Sun Yi’s death but was assassinated. Adopted into Yu clan by Sun Jian. | ||
Notes: Sun He was adopted into the Yu clan by Sun Jian to continue the Yu family lineage, which would have continued only through women. The novel reverses this role and has him being adopted into the Sun clan from the Yu clan. Sun Hu in the online Brewitt-Taylor translation. Yu Hu in the Moss Roberts translation. |
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| Sun Huan (Jiming) | 孫奐 (季明) | |
| Sun Huan (Chi-ming) | 孙奂 (季明) | |
| Captured three Wei generals at Shiyang. Encouraged scholarship in his lands. | ||
| Sun Huan (Shuwu) | 孫桓 (叔武) | |
| Sun Huan (Shu-wu) | 孙桓 (叔武) | |
| Part of invasion of Jing. Trapped at Yiling, he holds out until Lu Xun achieves victory. | ||
| Sun Ji | 孫冀 | |
| Sun Chi | 孙冀 | |
| Officer of Wu. Took over Lu Kang’s position when Kang was removed from office. | ||
| Sun Jian (Wentai) | 孫堅 (文台) | |
| Sun Chien (Wên-t‘-ai) | 孙坚 (文台) | |
| Father of Sun Ce, Sun Quan, and the kingdom of Wu. | ||
| Sun Jiao (Shulang) | 孫皎 (叔朗) | |
| Sun Chiao (Shu-lang) | 孙皎 (叔朗) | |
| Held off Cao Cao’s forces at Ruxukou. A generous and honourable man. | ||
| Sun Jing (Youtai) | 孫靜 (幼台) | |
| Sun Ching (Yu-t‘-ai) | 孙静 (幼台) | |
| Raised up the troops that would be Jian’s personal guard. Helped defeat Wang Lang. | ||
Notes: Mistakenly referred to as ‘Sun Kuang’ in chapter 39 of the online Brewitt-Taylor translation. |
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| Sun Jun (Ziyuan) | 孫峻 (子遠) | |
| Sun Chün (Tzŭ-yüan) | 孙峻 (子远) | |
| Joined Teng Yin in assassinating Zhuge Ke, later controlled the court. | ||
| Sun Kuang (Jizuo) | 孫匡 (季佐) | |
| Sun K‘uang (Chi-tso) | 孙匡 (季佐) | |
| Married daughter of Cao Ren, died at twenty without having held office. | ||
| Sun Lang (Zaoan) | 孫朗 (早安) | |
| Sun Lang (Tsao-an) | 孙朗 (早安) | |
| The fifth son of Sun Jian. Led a command at Dongkou but accidentally burned his own camp. | ||
Notes: Also known as Sun Ren (孫仁). Had his surname changed to Ding (丁) by Sun Quan while imprisoned after he ignored Lü Fan’s orders defending against Cao Xiu. |
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| Sun Li (Deda) | 孫禮 (德達) | |
| Sun Li (Tê-ta) | 孙礼 (德达) | |
| Fought against Shu under Sima Yi and Cao Zhen. Became an Excellency. | ||
| Sun Liang (Shiwen) | 孫諒 (士文) | |
| Sun Liang (Shih-wên) | 孙谅 (士文) | |
| Sun Liang (Ziming) | 孫亮 (子明) | |
| Sun Liang (Tzŭ-ming) | 孙亮 (子明) | |
| Became Emperor, but was dethroned by Sun Chen after failed attempt to remove Chen. | ||
| Sun Luban (Dahu) | 孫鲁班 (大虎) | |
| Sun Lupan (Ta-hu) | 孙鲁班 (大虎) | |
| Lover of Sun Jun. Caused deaths of Lady Wang, Princess Zhu and Sun He. | ||
Notes: Also known as Princess Quan. Dahu means ‘Big Tiger’. |
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| Sun Qian (Gongyou) | 孫乾 (公祐) | |
| Sun Ch‘ien (Kung-yu) | 孙乾 (公祐) | |
| Served Liu Bei. From Beihai. At death ranked General Who Upholds Loyalty. | ||
| Sun Qiang (Shengtai) | 孫羌 (聖臺) | |
| Sun Ch‘iang (Shêng-t‘ai) | 孙羌 (圣臺) | |
| The twin brother of Sun Jian. Father of Sun Ben and Sun Fu. | ||
| Sun Quan (Zhongmou) | 孫權 (仲謀) | |
| Sun Ch‘üan (Chung-mou) | 孙权 (仲谋) | |
| Sun Jian’s second son. Sun Ce’s brother. Long-lived first Emperor of Wu. | ||
| Sun Shao | 孫紹 | |
| Sun Shao | 孙绍 | |
| Sun Ce’s posthumous son. Died young, some criticize Quan’s treatment of Shao. | ||
| Sun Shao (Changxu) | 孫邵 (長緒) | |
| Sun Shao (Ch‘ang-hsü) | 孙邵 (长绪) | |
| Became Prime Minister of Wu in AD 222. Formerly served Kong Rong, then Liu Yao. | ||
| Sun Shao (Gongli) | 孫韶 (公禮) | |
| Sun Shao (Kung-li) | 孙韶 (公礼) | |
| Disobeyed Xu Sheng to fool opposing Wei forces. Maintained strong defense against Wei. | ||
Notes: Sun Shao, before being adopted by Sun Ce, was known as Yu Shao (俞韶). Mistranslated as ‘Sun Hu’ in the online Brewitt-Taylor edition. |
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| Sun Shu | 孫述 | |
| Sun Shu | 孙述 | |
| A general during the late Wu period. | ||
| Sun Wan | 孫上雨下單 | |
| Sun Wan | 孙上雨下單 | |
| Son of Sun Xiu, and intended heir. Puyang Xiang and Zhang Bu enthroned Sun Hao. | ||
Notes: The character ‘Wan1’ in Sun Wan’s did not exist in Unicode for quite some time, but it is now listed. ’𩃀’ is the character, but odds are you can’t see it. 上雨下單, the name we are currently using, is simply an explanation of the character, which has has 雨 on the top and 單 on the bottom. 上 and 下 mean up and down respectively. |
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| Sun Xin | 孫歆 | |
| Sun Hsin | 孙歆 | |
| In command of navy, lured out by Du Yu. Met the attack of Zhou Zhi but was killed. | ||
| Sun Xiu | 孫秀 | |
| Sun Hsiu | 孙秀 | |
| Surrendered to Jin and served as Cavalry General. Wept at the fall of Wu. | ||
| Sun Xiu (Zilie) | 孫休 (子烈) | |
| Sun Hsiu (Tzŭ-lieh) | 孙休 (子烈) | |
| Overthrew Sun Chen but neglected state affairs. Wish for heirship ignored. | ||
| Sun Yi | 孫異 | |
| Sun I | 孙异 | |
| Was sent to aid Jiang Wei during the fall of Shu but was too late. | ||
Notes: Mistranslated as ‘Sun Yin’ in the online novel. |
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| Sun Yi (Shubi) | 孫翊 (叔弼) | |
| Sun I (Shu-pi) | 孙翊 (叔弼) | |
| Once a rival to Sun Quan. Assassinated by Bian Hong and others at a banquet. | ||
| Sun Yu (Zhongyi) | 孫瑜 (仲異) | |
| Sun Yü (Chung-i) | 孙瑜 (仲异) | |
| Served Wu. Sun Jing’s second son and cousin to Sun Quan. | ||
| Sun Zhen | 孫震 | |
| Sun Chên | 孙震 | |
| Served Wu during Jin’s invasion. Was captured by Jin forces and executed. | ||
| Supuyan | 蘇僕延 | |
| Sup‘uyen | 苏僕延 | |
| Served the Wuhuan with Tadun. Aided Yuan Shang. Executed by Gongsun Kang. | ||
Notes: Known as 速仆丸 (Supuwan) in SGZ Wei 1. |
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| Tadun | 蹋顿 | |
| T‘atun | 蹋顿 | |
| A Wuhuan chief. Slain in battle with Zhang Liao’s troops. | ||
Notes: Mistranslated as ‘Mao Dun’ in the online Brewitt-Taylor translation. |
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| Taishi Ci (Ziyi) | 太史慈 (子義) | |
| T‘aishih Tz‘ŭ (Tzŭ-i) | 太史慈 (子义) | |
| Served Liu Yao, then Wu. Helped save Kong Rong from the Yellow Scarves. | ||
| Taishi Xiang (Yuanfu) | 太史享 (元復) | |
| T‘aishih Hsiang (Yüan-fu) | 太史享 (元复) | |
| Held various posts in Wu. In novel, looked after by Quan after Ci’s death. | ||
Notes: Also known as Heng in the novel. |
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| Tan Fu (Wenyou) | 檀敷 (文友) | |
| T‘an Fu (Wên-yu) | 檀敷 (文友) | |
| One of the Eight Paragons of Jiangxia. From Shanyang. | ||
| Tan Xiong | 譚雄 | |
| T‘an Hsiung | 谭雄 | |
| General of Sun Huan. Fights at Yiling, wounds Zhang Bao’s horse. | ||
| Tang Bin (Ruzong) | 唐彬 (儒宗) | |
| T‘ang Pin (Ju-tsung) | 唐彬 (儒宗) | |
| General of Jin who participated in the conquest of Wu. | ||
| Tang Zhou | 唐周 | |
| T‘ang Chou | 唐周 | |
| Follower of Zhang Jue. Betrayed his plans to the Han, and got Ma Yuanyi beheaded. | ||
| Tang Zi | 唐咨 | |
| T‘ang Tzŭ | 唐咨 | |
| Served Wu then surrendered to Wei. Collected ships for Zhong Hui. | ||
| Tanshihuai | 檀石槐 | |
| T‘anshihhuai | 檀石槐 | |
| Tanshihuai led the Xianbei in raiding Han China. Defeated Han forces in AD 177. | ||
| Tao Huang (Shiying) | 陶璜 (世英) | |
| T‘ao Huang (Shih-ying) | 陶璜 (世英) | |
| Served Wu until Sun Hao submitted. Joined Jin and died not much later. | ||
| Tao Jun | 陶濬 | |
| T‘ao Chün | 陶浚 | |
| A general of Wu. During Jin’s invasion, sent to meet the invading Jin forces. | ||
| Tao Qian (Gongzu) | 陶謙 (恭祖) | |
| T‘ao Ch‘ien (Kung-tsu) | 陶谦 (恭祖) | |
| Inspector of Xuzhou. Fought violently with Cao Cao. Died of illness. | ||
| Tao Sheng | 陶升 | |
| T‘ao Shêng | 陶升 | |
| Bandit leader, he rescued the family of many officials when he took Ye. Yuan Shao rewarded him for it. | ||
| Taoqiu Hong (Zilin) | 陶丘洪 (子林) | |
| T‘aoch‘iu Hung (Tzŭ-lin) | 陶丘洪 (子林) | |
| Praised Liu Dai and Liu Yao. Almost joined a plot to kidnap Emperor Ling. | ||
| Teng Dan | 滕耽 | |
| T‘êng Tan | 滕耽 | |
| A gentlemen of the same province as Liu Yao, had a fine reputation in Wu. | ||
| Teng Xiu (Xianxian) | 滕脩 (顯先) | |
| T‘êng Hsiu (Hsien-hsien) | 滕脩 (显先) | |
| Late era General of Wu who governed Guangzhou. | ||
| Teng Yin (Chengsi) | 滕胤 (承嗣) | |
| T‘êng Yin (Ch‘êng-ssŭ) | 滕胤 (承嗣) | |
| Minister of Wu. Argued to Sun Jun that Zhuge Ke should be put to death. | ||
| Teng Zhou | 滕胄 | |
| T‘êng Chou | 滕胄 | |
| Served Liu Yao and then the Sun family. Skilled at literary composition | ||
| Tian Chou (Zitai) | 田疇 (子泰) | |
| T‘ien Ch‘ou (Tzŭ-t‘-ai) | 田畴 (子泰) | |
| Acted as guide against Wuhuan for Wei, refused reward as he felt he had failed Liu Yu. | ||
| Tian Fen | 田芬 | |
| T‘ien Fên | 田芬 | |
| Accompanied Emperor Xian during his flight away from Li Jue, killed in battle. | ||
| Tian Feng (Yuanhao) | 田豐 (元皓) | |
| T‘ien Fêng (Yüan-hao) | 田丰 (元皓) | |
| Served Yuan Shao, who ignored his advice. Killed himself after being slandered by Feng Ji. | ||
| Tian Kai | 田楷 | |
| T‘ien K‘ai | 田楷 | |
| Appointed Lieutenant Governor of Qingzhou by Gongsun Zan. Fought against Cao Cao. | ||
| Tian Shao | 田韶 | |
| T‘ien Shao | 田韶 | |
| Viewed Gongsun Du contemptuously. Killed by Du along with some other local gentry. | ||
| Tian Xu | 田續 | |
| T‘ien Hsü | 田续 | |
| Slew Deng Ai and his son in revenge for Deng Ai nearly executing him. | ||
| Tian Yi | 田儀 | |
| T‘ien I | 田仪 | |
| Went to attend to Dong Zhuo’s corpse. Executed by Lü Bu. | ||
Notes: Also called Tian Jing. |
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| Tian Yin | 田銀 | |
| T‘ien Yin | 田银 | |
| Rose in revolt with Su Bao but was defeated by Jia Xin. | ||
| Tian Yu (Guorang) | 田豫 (國讓) | |
| T‘ien Yü (Kuo-jang) | 田豫 (国让) | |
| General of Wei under Cao Rui. Dispatched to Xiangyang to | ||