Three Kingdoms Officer Names: Han Dynasty
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Han Dynasty: officer names from the Three Kingdoms officer name English“Chinese reference tool. Cross-reference given (xìng), personal (míng) and style (zì), given (xìng) and personal (míng) names in Pinyin, Wade-Giles, and traditional Chinese (both in Hanzi and decimal-encoded form for non-Unicode websites and forums).
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Name (family, given), style, Wade-Giles, tones, traditional and simplified Chinese.
| Officer Name (Wade-Giles) |
Traditional, Simplified |
Traditional Chinese, Simplified Chinese |
|---|---|---|
| Ba Zhi (Jingzu) | 巴祇 (敬祖) | |
| Pa Chih (Ching-tsu) | 巴只 (敬祖) | |
| An Inspector of Xu who held command against the Yellow Turbans, and reported on the excellent conduct of Zhao Yu. | ||
| Bao Hong | 鮑鴻/洪 | |
| Pao Hung | 鲍鸿/洪 | |
| A colonel in the northern army who would later be reported embezzling local funds. | ||
| Bao Xin | 鮑信 | |
| Pao Hsin | 鲍信 | |
| Urged Yuan Shao to attack Dong, invited Cao Cao to govern Yan. Died fighting Turbans. | ||
| Beigong Boyu | 北宮伯玉 | |
| Peikung Poyü | 北宮伯玉 | |
| Lead mutiny of troops then Qiang revolt. Huangfu Song and Zhang Wen failed to put him down. | ||
| Bi Lan | 畢嵐 | |
| Pi Lan | 毕岚 | |
| One of the 12 Regular Attendants who was known for his engineering achievements. | ||
| Bian Rang (Wenli) | 邊讓 (文禮) | |
| Pien Jang (Wên-li) | 边让 (文礼) | |
| Governor of Jiujiang. Killed by Xiahou Dun reinforcing Tao Qian against Cao Cao. | ||
| Bian Zhang | 邊章 | |
| Pien Chang | 边章 | |
| Forced into leading the Qiang’s in revolt against the Han alongside Han Sui. | ||
| Cai Gu | 蔡谷 | |
| Ts‘ai Ku | 蔡谷 | |
| Warned his cousin Cai Yong that fleeing Dong Zhuo would fail due to Yong’s fame. | ||
| Cai Yan (Wenji) | 蔡琰 (文姬) | |
| Ts‘ai Yen (Wên-chi) | 蔡琰 (文姬) | |
| Captured by the Xiongnu, but bought back by Cao Cao. Some of her poems survive. | ||
Notes: Better known as the poetess Cai Wenji. An alternate style, Zhaoji (昭姬), is used in Lie Nu Hou Zhuan, while Wenji (文姬) is most commonly used (including in the Hou Han shu). |
||
| Cai Yong (Bojie) | 蔡邕 (伯喈) | |
| Ts‘ai Yung (Po-chieh) | 蔡邕 (伯喈) | |
| Advised Emperor Ling’s court. Hated the eunuchs. Died honoring Dong Zhuo. | ||
Notes: In some Wade-Giles translations of the novel Cai Yong is incorrectly listed as Ch’ai Yung. |
||
| Cao Cao (Mengde) | 曹操 (孟德) | |
| Ts‘ao Ts‘ao (Mêng-tê) | 曹操 (孟德) | |
| Founder of Wei. Built the foundation of what would become the Jin Dynasty. | ||
Notes: In Sanguozhi Chen Shou references him with the honorary title, Wu Di (武帝), or ‘Martial Emperor’. Cao Cao appears in other sources under this name. Cao Cao’s infant name was A-Man (阿瞞). |
||
| Cao De | 曹德 | |
| Ts‘ao Tê | 曹德 | |
| Brother of Cao Cao. Killed by Zhang Kai with his father Cao Song. | ||
| Cao Jie (Yuanwei) | 曹節 (元伟) | |
| Ts‘ao Chieh (Yuan-wei) | 曹节 (元伟) | |
| The Chief of the Ten Regular Attendants under Emperors Huan and Ling of Han. | ||
| Cao Quan (Jingyuan) | 曹全 (景完) | |
| Ts‘ao Ch‘üan (Ching-yüan) | 曹全 (景完) | |
| Helped defeat the Turbans, a generous offical who was much admired. | ||
| Cao Song (Jugao) | 曹嵩 (巨高) | |
| Ts‘ao Sung (Chü-kao) | 曹嵩 (巨高) | |
| Adopted son of Cao Teng and father of Cao Cao. Also called Xiahou Song. | ||
Notes: Occasionally listed as, and once named, Xiahou Song (夏侯嵩). |
||
| Cao Teng (Jixing) | 曹騰 | |
| Ts‘ao T‘êng (Chi-hsing) | 曹腾 | |
| Adopted Cao Song (formerly Xiahou), father of Cao Cao, into the Cao family. Eunuch. | ||
| Cao Yin | 曹寅 | |
| Ts‘ao Yin | 曹寅 | |
| Prefect of Wuling. Forged a decree to Sun Jian calling for Wang Rui’s execution. | ||
| Cen Zhi (Gongxiao) | 岑桎 (公孝) | |
| Ts‘ên Chih (Kung-hsiao) | 岑桎 (公孝) | |
| One of the Eight Paragons of Jiangxia. From Nanyang. | ||
| Chang Nu | 萇奴 | |
| Ch‘ang Nu | 苌奴 | |
| Helped Dong Cheng block Cao Hong from reaching Emperor Xian. | ||
| Chen Dan (Hangong) | 陳耽 (漢公) | |
| Ch‘ên Tan | 陈耽 (汉公) | |
| Loyal Minister that, due to slander by the eunuchs, was arrested and died in jail. | ||
| Chen Fan | 陳蕃 | |
| Ch‘ên Fan | 陈蕃 | |
| Served Emperor Ling of Han as Imperial Guardian. Died opposing the eunuchs. | ||
| Chen Gong (Gongtai) | 陳宮 (公臺) | |
| Ch‘ên Kung (Kung-t‘-ai) | 陈宫 (公臺) | |
| Talented advisor who served, and died with, Lü Bu. Helped Cao Cao in the novel. | ||
| Chen Gui (Hanyu) | 陳珪 (漢瑜) | |
| Ch‘ên Kuei (Han-yü) | 陈珪 (汉瑜) | |
| Father of Chen Deng. Served Cao Cao and Liu Bei spying on Lü Bu, then under Cao. | ||
| Chen Ji (Yuanfang) | 陳紀 (元方) | |
| Ch‘ên Chi (Yüan-fang) | 陈纪 (元方) | |
| A highly respected minister, opposed Dong Zhuo’s plan to move the capital. | ||
| Chen Lin (Kongzhang) | 陳琳 (孔璋) | |
| Ch‘ên Lin (K‘ung-chang) | 陈琳 (孔璋) | |
| Served under Emperor Ling, then under Yuan Shao. A superior writer. | ||
| Chen Wei | 陳煒 | |
| Ch‘ên Wei | 陈炜 | |
| Served Han as High Minister. Advisor to Li Ying. Mocked in jest by young Kong Rong. | ||
| Chen Wen (Yuanti) | 陳溫 (元悌) | |
| Ch‘ên Wên (Yüan-t‘i) | 陈温 (元悌) | |
| Inspector of Yanzhou, he helped Cao Hong raise troops and died of illness. | ||
| Chen Xiang (Zhonglin) | 陳翔 (仲麟) | |
| Ch‘ên Hsiang (Chung-lin) | 陈翔 (仲麟) | |
| One of the Eight Paragons of Jiangxia. From Runan. | ||
| Cheng Kuang | 程曠 | |
| Ch‘êng K‘uang | 程旷 | |
| One of the Ten Regular Attendants. Killed by Yuan Shao and Cao Cao. | ||
| Chong Fu (Yingbo) | 種拂 | |
| Ch‘ung Fu (Ying-po) | 种拂 | |
| Served Han as Minister of Ritual. Killed by Li Jue and Guo Si’s troops. | ||
| Chong Ji | 种輯 | |
| Ch‘ung Chi | 种辑 | |
| Served Han as Changshui Commandant. Friend of Dong Cheng. Executed by Cao Cao. | ||
| Chong Shao (Shenfu) | 种邵 | |
| Ch‘ung Shao (Shên-fu) | 种邵 | |
| Han Court Counsellor. Helped Ma Teng and Han Sui. Killed by Li Jue and Guo Si. | ||
| Cui Lie (Weikao) | 崔烈 (威考) | |
| Ts‘ui Lieh (Wei-k’ao) | 崔烈 (威考) | |
| Commandant of the Capital Gates. Cui Yi’s brother. Killed by Li Jue and Guo Si’s troops. | ||
Notes: Referenced incorrectly as ‘Sui Yi’ in Brewitt-Taylor’s translation and other sources. |
||
| Cui Yi | 崔毅 | |
| Ts‘ui I | 崔毅 | |
| Served Han under Emperor Ling. Cui Lie’s brother. | ||
Notes: Referenced incorrectly as ‘Sui Lie’ in Brewitt-Taylor’s translation and other sources. |
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| Diaochan [Sable Cicada] | 貂嬋 | |
| Tiaoch‘an [Sable Cicada] | 貂婵 | |
| Wang Yun’s adopted daughter. Helped to kill Dong Zhuo. Fictional. | ||
Notes: Also known as Sable Cicada. |
||
| Ding Guan | 丁管 | |
| Ting Kuan | 丁管 | |
| Served Han as Imperial Secretary. Opposed Dong Zhuo’s change of Emperors. | ||
| Ding Yuan (Jianyang) | 丁原 (建陽) | |
| Ting Yüan (Chien-yang) | 丁原 (建阳) | |
| Served Han as Imperial Inspector of Jingzhou. Lü Bu’s adoptive father. | ||
| Dong Cheng | 董承 | |
| Tung Ch‘êng | 董承 | |
| Served Han as General of Cavalry and Chariots. Plots to assassinate Cao Cao. | ||
| Dong Chong | 董重 | |
| Tung Ch‘ung | 董重 | |
| Served Han as General of the Flying Cavalry. Lady Dong’s brother. | ||
Notes: Is also known as Dong Zhong in the ZZTJ. |
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| Dong Min (Shuyin) | 董旻 (叔穎) | |
| Tung Min (Shu-yin) | 董旻 (叔颖) | |
| Served Dong Zhuo as Lord of Hu. Dong Zhuo’s brother. Killed by Huangfu Song. | ||
| Dong Zhao (Gongren) | 董昭 (公仁) | |
| Tung Chao (Kung-jên) | 董昭 (公仁) | |
| Served Han then Wei. Advised Cao Cao to move the capital to Xuchang. | ||
| Dong Zhuo (Zhongying) | 董卓 (仲穎) | |
| Tung Cho (Chung-ying) | 董卓 (仲颖) | |
| Siezed control of Luo Yang and the Han government before being killed by Lü Bu. | ||
| Dou Wu | 竇武 | |
| Tou Wu | 窦武 | |
| Served Emperor Ling of Han as Regent-Marshal. Died opposing the eunuchs. | ||
| Du Ji (Bohou) | 杜畿 (伯侯) | |
| Tu Chi (Po-hou) | 杜畿 (伯侯) | |
| Judged the best administrator in the empire, kept the people of Hedong loyal to Wei. | ||
| Du Kui (Gongliang) | 杜夔 (公良) | |
| Tu K‘uei (Kung-liang) | 杜夔 (公良) | |
| Gentleman of the Court Music. Reprimanded Liu Biao for creating an orchestra for his court. | ||
| Duan Gui (Ziyin) | 段圭 | |
| Tuan Kuei (Tzŭ-yin) | 段圭 | |
| One of the Ten Regular Attendants. Killed by Min Gong searching for Emperor Ling. | ||
| Emperor Huan [Liu Zhi] | 桓帝[劉志] | |
| Emperor Huan [Liu Chih] | 桓帝[刘志] | |
| Emperor Huan of the Han. Destroyed the Liang family, but empowered the eunuchs. | ||
Notes: In Chinese the name of the emperor comes before the use of the word emperor hence Huan (the name) Di (emperor). |
||
| Emperor Ling [Liu Hong] | 靈帝[劉宏] | |
| Emperor Ling [Liu Hung] | 灵帝[刘宏] | |
| Emperor Ling of Han (AD 156–189). Ruled through the Yellow Turban Rebellion. | ||
Notes: In Chinese the name of the emperor comes before the use of the word emperor hence Ling (the name) Di (emperor). |
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| Emperor Shao [Liu Bian] | 少帝[劉辯] | |
| Emperor Shao [Liu Pien] | 少帝[刘辩] | |
| Emperor Shao of Han (AD 189). Deposed and poisoned by Dong Zhuo. | ||
| Emperor Xian [Liu Xie] (Bohe) | 獻帝[劉協] (伯和) | |
| Emperor Hsien [Liu Hsieh] (Po-ho) | 献帝[刘协] (伯和) | |
| Son of Emperor Ling. Reigned AD 189–220. Forced to abdicate by Cao Pi. | ||
Notes: In Chinese the name of the emperor comes before the use of the word emperor hence Xian (the name) Di (emperor). In this case, Emperor Xian also has a style name attached to his normal name, therefore if you were addressing him as emperor you would say Xian Di, if you knew his name and were close you may use Liu Xie, or if you wanted his style name you’d call him Liu Bohe. |
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| Empress Cao Jie | 曹節皇后 | |
| Empress Ts‘ao Chieh | 曹节皇后 | |
| Emperor Xian’s empress after death of Empress Fu, opposed Cao Pi becoming Emperor. | ||
Notes: Also known as Empress Cao, Empress Xianmu (獻穆皇后) and Duchess Shanyang. |
||
| Empress Fu Shou | 伏壽皇后 | |
| Empress Fu Shou | 伏寿皇后 | |
| Wife of Emperor Xian. From Langya. Daughter of Fu Wan. Executed by Cao Cao. | ||
Notes: Commonly referenced simply as ‘Empress Fu’. |
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| Empress He | 何皇后 | |
| Empress Ho | 何皇后 | |
| Emperor Shao’s mother. He Jin’s half-sister. Died of grief or through suicide. | ||
| Fa Zhen (Gaoqing) | 法真 (高卿) | |
| Fa Chên (Kao-ch‘ing) | 法真 (高卿) | |
| Grandfather of Fa Zheng. Held high civil rank. Read the five classics at a young age. | ||
| Fan Cheng | 范成 | |
| Fan Ch‘êng | 范成 | |
| Appointed a prefect of Luoyang when Cao Cao moved the capital to Xuchang. | ||
| Feng Fang | 馮方 | |
| Fêng Fang | 冯方 | |
| Father of Yuan Shu’s wife, a Han offical willing to slander those that excluded him. | ||
| Feng Ji (Yuantu) | 逢紀 (元圖) | |
| Fêng Chi (Yüan-t‘u) | 逢纪 (元图) | |
| Vassal of Yuan Shao. Supported Yuan Shang as Shao’s successor. | ||
Notes: Also seen him called Peng Ji in c. H. Brewitt-Taylor translation of the novel and Pang Ji in the ZZTJ. |
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| Feng Xu | 封胥 | |
| Fêng Hsü | 封胥 | |
| One of the Ten Regular Attendants. An agent of Zhang Jue of the Yellow Scarves. | ||
| Fu Xun (Gongti) | 傅巽 (公悌) | |
| Fu Hsün (Kung-t‘i) | 傅巽 (公悌) | |
| Advised Liu Cong to surrender. | ||
Notes: Sometimes appears as ‘Fu Xuan’ in Brewitt-Taylor translations. |
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| Geng Ji (Jixing) | 耿紀 (季行) | |
| Kêng Chi (Chi-hsing) | 耿纪 (季行) | |
| Launched a coup against Cao Cao. Wounded Wang Bi. Executed after his failure. | ||
| Gong Jing | 龔景 | |
| Kung Ching | 龚景 | |
| Imperial Protector of Qingzhou. Attacked by the Yellow Scarves. Supported by Liu Bei. | ||
| Gongsun Du (Shengji) | 公孫度 (升濟) | |
| Kungsun Tu (Shêng-chi) | 公孙度 (升济) | |
| Governor of Liaodong. Often called ’Gongsun Du the Warlike.’ | ||
| Gongsun Zan (Bogu) | 公孫瓚 (伯珪) | |
| Kungsun Tsan (Po-ku) | 公孙瓒 (伯珪) | |
| Magistrate of Bei Ping. Fought Yuan Shao. Committed suicide with his family. | ||
| Guan Yu (Yunchang) | 關羽 (雲長) | |
| Kuan Yü (Yün-ch‘ang) | 关羽 (云长) | |
| Sworn brother of Liu Bei and Zhang Fei. First of the Five Tiger Generals. | ||
Notes: Originally styled Changsheng (長生). He is frequently referenced by the honorary title, Guan Gong (關公), or ‘Lord Guan’. Guan Yu appears as Guan Gong or Lord Guan in most novel translations, many historic texts, and modern conversation outside the Three Kingdoms community, and on most merchandise. In religion he is called Saintly Emperor Guan (關聖帝君) or in Buddhism, Sangharama Bodhisattva (伽藍菩薩) (more). |
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| Guo Sheng | 郭勝 | |
| Kuo Shêng | 郭胜 | |
| One of the Ten Regular Attendants in the novel. Killed by Yuan Shao and Cao Cao. | ||
Notes: In the notes section of To Esablish Peace he is referenced with two names from different sources: 1) HHJ25 as Guo Mai; 2) Jiuzhou chunqiu as Lang Sheng. |
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| Han Sui (Wenyue) | 韓遂 (文約) | |
| Han Sui (Wên-yüeh) | 韩遂 (文约) | |
| Worked with Ma Chao, before defecting to Cao Cao. Lost his hand to Ma Chao. | ||
| Han Xian | 韓暹 | |
| Han Hsien | 韩暹 | |
| White Wave Rebel. Helped Emperor Xian. Served Yuan Shu, Lü Bu. Killed by Bei’s men. | ||
| He Jin (Suigao) | 何進 (遂高) | |
| Ho Chin (Sui-kao) | 何进 (遂高) | |
| Grand Administrator in the Han courts, but was assassinated by the eunuchs. | ||
| He Miao | 何苗 | |
| Ho Miao | 何苗 | |
| Empress He’s older half-brother. Later assassinated by Dong Zhuo. | ||
Notes: Was born Zhu Miao. |
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| He Yu (Boqiu) | 何禺 | |
| Ho Yü (Po-ch‘iu) | 何禺 | |
| Recognised Cao Cao and Xun Yu as men who could deal with the troubles. | ||
Notes: Historic name is ‘He Yong", name used in some Brewitt-Taylor editions. |
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| He Zhen (Yuangan) | 何楨 (元幹) | |
| Ho Chên (Yüan-kan) | 何桢 (元幹) | |
| Father of Empress He, became General of Chariots and Cavalry. | ||
| Hou Lan | 侯覽 | |
| Hou Lan | 侯览 | |
| One of the Ten Regular Attendants. Tried to make off with Emperor Bian. | ||
| Hu Miao | 胡邈 | |
| Hu Miao | 胡邈 | |
| Privy counselor to Emperor Xian. Tried to calm an angry Huangfu Li to protect him. | ||
| Huang Chengyan | 黄承彦 | |
| Huang Ch‘êngyen | 黄承彦 | |
| Father of Zhuge Liang’s wife. A prominent scholar of the Later Han Dynasty. | ||
Notes: Incorrectly referenced as Huang Chenyan (承 [Cheng2] as ‘Chen’) in many sites, biographies, and in some Brewitt-Taylor translations. |
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| Huangfu Li | 皇甫酈 | |
| Huangfu Li | 皇甫郦 | |
| Served Emperor Xian. Charged with making peace between Li Jue and Guo Si. | ||
| Huangfu Song (Yizhen) | 皇甫嵩 (義真) | |
| Huangfu Sung (I-chên) | 皇甫嵩 (义真) | |
| Imperial Commander under Han. Fought heavily against the Yellow Turban Rebellion. | ||
| Humu Ban (Jipi) | 胡母班 (季皮) | |
| Humu Pan (Chi-p‘i) | 胡母班 (季皮) | |
| Sent by Dong Zhuo to pursuade Yuan Shao to lay down his arms. Executed by Wang Kuang. | ||
Notes: Hou Han shu records his style as Jiyou. SGZ: Yuan Shao. |
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| Ji Miao (Wenran) | 吉邈 (文然) | |
| Chi Miao (Wên-jan) | 吉邈 (文然) | |
| Son of Ji Ping. Joined Geng Ji’s coup to avenge his father but was killed in the fighting. | ||
Notes: Ji Miao sometimes appears as Ji Mao. The correct translation of 邈 is Miao. |
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| Ji Mu (Siran) | 吉穆 (思然) | |
| Chi Mu (Ssŭ-jan) | 吉穆 (思然) | |
| Son of Ji Ping. Fled the capital but returned secretly. Died in Geng Ji’s coup. | ||
| Ji Ping | 吉平 | |
| Chi P‘ing | 吉平 | |
| Court physician from Luoyang. Forced to commit suicide by Cao Cao. | ||
Notes: Also referenced by the name Chi T’ai in the Brewitt-Taylor translation. Called Ji Ben in SGZ |
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| Jian Shuo | 蹇碩 | |
| Chien Shuo | 蹇硕 | |
| One of the Ten Regular Attendants. Killed by fellow eunuch Guo Sheng. | ||
Notes: The character 碩 can also be translated as Shi and in some academic sources this is considered to be the standard translation (e.g. anything by Rafe de Crespigny). We are using Jian Shuo because that is the most commonly used Romanization. |
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| Jin Xuan (Yuanji) | 金旋 (元機) | |
| Chin Hsüan (Yüan-chi) | 金旋 (元机) | |
| Served as Governor of Wuling. Defeated by Zhang Fei. | ||
Notes: Called Jin Shun in Liu Bei’s SGZ. |
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| Jin Yi (Deyi) | 今已 | |
| Chin I (Tê-i) | 今已 | |
| Descendant of Jin Midi. Advised Geng Ji on killing Wang Bi. Died fighting in the coup. | ||
Notes: May also have been Jin Wei, son of Jin Shang. |
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| Kong Shang | 孔尚 | |
| K‘ung Shang | 孔尚 | |
| Great-great-grandfather of Kong Rong, who served Wei. | ||
| Kong Zhou (Jijiang) | 孔宙 | |
| K‘ung Chou (Chi-chiang) | 孔宙 | |
| Father of Kong Rong and Kong Bao. Steele was set up on his death. | ||
| Kuai Yue (Yidu) | 蒯越 (異度) | |
| K‘uai Yüeh (I-tu) | 蒯越 (异度) | |
| Younger brother of Kuai Liang. Became a vassal of Wei when Cao Cao took Jing. | ||
| Li Ying | 李膺 | |
| Li Ying | 李膺 | |
| Governor of Henan. Visited and impressed by a young Kong Rong. | ||
| Liang Shao | 粱邵 | |
| Liang Shao | 粱邵 | |
| Had arguments with Yuan Shao and held hostage by Li Jue. Held eunuch rank yet was a man. | ||
Notes: Dr. Rafe de Crespigny notes his personal name as either 邵 or 紹 |
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| Liu Bei (Xuande) | 劉備 (玄德) | |
| Liu Pei (Hsüan-tê) | 刘备 (玄德) | |
| First Emperor of Shu and sworn brother of Guan Yu and Zhang Fei. | ||
Notes: Liu Bei is commonly referenced by the name, Xian Zhu (先主), ‘First Ruler’ or ‘First Soverign’. Chen Shou, in the Sanguozhi, refers to Liu Bei by this title to indicate the illegitimacy of his dynasty in the eyes of Jin. Sun Quan and his clan are placed on an even lower pedestal. |
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| Liu Biao (Jingsheng) | 劉表 (景升) | |
| Liu Piao (Ching-shêng) | 刘表 (景升) | |
| Inspector of Jing province under the Han. Opposed the Sun family militarily. | ||
| Liu Fan | 劉範 | |
| Liu Fan | 刘范 | |
| Han Left Imperial Corps Commander. Helped Ma Teng. Killed by Li Jue and Guo Si. | ||
| Liu Hong | 劉弘 | |
| Liu Hung | 刘弘 | |
| Liu Bei’s father. Son of Liu Xiong, said to be descended from Emperor Jing of Han. | ||
Notes: His given name was originally Shan (山) and later Yi (義). |
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| Liu Sheng | 劉勝 | |
| Liu Shêng | 刘胜 | |
| Liu Bei’s ancestor. Prince of Jing of Zhongshan. Son of Emperor Jing of Han. | ||
| Liu Xiong | 劉雄 | |
| Liu Hsiung | 刘雄 | |
| Liu Bei’s grandfather. Said to be descended from Emperor Jing of Han. | ||
| Liu Yan (Junlang) | 劉焉 (君郎) | |
| Liu Yen (Chün-lang) | 刘焉 (君郎) | |
| Liu Zhang’s father. Magistrate in the Yi territory after fighting Yellow Scarves. | ||
| Liu Yu (Boan) | 劉虞 (伯安) | |
| Liu Yü (Po-an) | 刘虞 (伯安) | |
| Governor of You Province during the Later Han. Quelled Zhang Ju’s rebellion. | ||
| Lu Kui | 魯馗 | |
| Lu K‘uei | 鲁馗 | |
| Served Han as Court Steward. Killed by Li Jue and Guo Si’s troops. | ||
| Lu Zhi (Zigan) | 盧植 (子幹) | |
| Lu Chih (Tzŭ-kan) | 卢植 (子干) | |
| Imperial Corps Commander in service of Han. Was Liu Bei’s teacher and friend. | ||
| Ma Midi (Wengshu) | 馬日磾 (翁叔) | |
| Ma Miti (Wêng-shu) | 马日磾 (翁叔) | |
| Sent as envoy to stop the war between Yuan Shao and Gongsun Zan. | ||
| Ma Teng (Shoucheng) | 馬騰 (壽成) | |
| Ma T‘êng (Shou-ch‘êng) | 马腾 (寿成) | |
| Governed Xi Liang. Descendant of the famous warrior Ma Yuan. Ma Chao’s father. | ||
| Ma Yu | 馬宇 | |
| Ma Yü | 马宇 | |
| Han Privy Counsellor. Helped Ma Teng and Han Sui. Killed by Li Jue and Guo Si. | ||
| Meng Guang (Xiaoyu) | 孟光 (孝裕) | |
| Mêng Kuang (Hsiao-yü) | 孟光 (孝裕) | |
| Raised concerns over Liu Xuan’s education, an arrogant but bright scholar. | ||
| Min Gong | 閔貢 | |
| Min Kung | 闵贡 | |
| Han commander in the Henan district. Killed eunuch Duan Gui. Helped Emperor Shao. | ||
| Mu Shun | 穆順 | |
| Mu Shun | 穆顺 | |
| Plotted to save Emperor Xian with Empress Fu and Fu Wan. Executed by Cao Cao. | ||
| Qiao Xuan (Gongzu) | 橋玄 (公祖) | |
| Ch‘iao Hsüan (Kung-tsu) | 桥玄 (公祖) | |
| Recognised Cao Cao’s talent and predicted Han would collapse. Noble offical. | ||
| Quan Yi | 全禕 | |
| Ch‘üan I | 全祎 | |
| Conspired with Geng Ji and Wei Huang to abduct the Han Emperor. | ||
| Shi Xie (Weiyan) | 士燮 (威彥) | |
| Shih Hsieh (Wei-yen) | 士燮 (威彦) | |
| Grand Administrator of Jiao Zhi. Paid regular tribute to Sun Quan. | ||
| Song Guo | 宋果 | |
| Sung Kuo | 宋果 | |
| Proposed to Yang Feng that they should betray Li Jue. Overheard and killed by Li Jue. | ||
Notes: Also called Song Ye. |
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| Sun Jian (Wentai) | 孫堅 (文台) | |
| Sun Chien (Wên-t‘-ai) | 孙坚 (文台) | |
| Father of Sun Ce, Sun Quan, and the kingdom of Wu. | ||
| Tang Zhou | 唐周 | |
| T‘ang Chou | 唐周 | |
| Follower of Zhang Jue. Betrayed his plans to the Han, and got Ma Yuanyi beheaded. | ||
| Tian Feng (Yuanhao) | 田豐 (元皓) | |
| T‘ien Fêng (Yüan-hao) | 田丰 (元皓) | |
| Served Yuan Shao, who ignored his advice. Killed himself after being slandered by Feng Ji. | ||
| Wang Fen | 王芬 | |
| Wang Fen | 王芬 | |
| Rebelled in an attempt to depose Emperor Ling. Committed suicide out of fear after being threatened with imperial troops. | ||
| Wang Fu | 王甫 | |
| Wang Fu | 王甫 | |
| Accused Prince Li of treason after receiving no bribe. Accused Empress Song of witchcraft. | ||
| Wang Fu [Wang Zifu] | 王服[王子服] | |
| Wang Fu [Wang Tzŭfu] | 王服[王子服] | |
| Part of the ‘Jade Girdle’ plot to kill Cao Cao. Courtier of Dong Cheng. Executed by Cao. | ||
Notes: Wang Fu appears as Wang Zifu (王子服) in the novel, SGZ Shu, and other sources. This appears to be an error. Rafe de Crespigny wrote the following in To Establish Peace I: “The main text of SGZ 32 gives the personal name of Wang Fu as, but Xiandi qijuzhu, quoted by PC, and the parallel texts HHS 9, 381, and HHS 72/62, 2343, all omit the character zi. It is presumably dittography from the name of Wu Zilan immediately preceding.” |
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| Wang Kuang (Gongjie) | 王匡 (公節) | |
| Wang K‘uang (Kung-chieh) | 王匡 (公节) | |
| Took heavy losses against Dong Zhuo. Despised material things but could be violent. | ||
| Wang Lang (Yingxing) | 王郎 (景興) | |
| Wang Lang (Ying-hsing) | 王郎 (景兴) | |
| Originally the prefect of Huiji, he later joined Wei. Debated with Zhuge Liang. | ||
Notes: Originally called Wang Yan |
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| Wang Qi | 王頎 | |
| Wang Ch‘i | 王颀 | |
| Served Han as Commandant of the Exemplary Cavalry. Killed by Li Jue and Guo Si’s troops. | ||
| Wang Rui (Tongyao) | 王睿 | |
| Wang Jui (T‘ung-yao) | 王睿 | |
| Governor of Jingzhou. Tried to have Cao Yin killed, but was killed first by Sun Jian. | ||
| Wang Yun (Zishi) | 王允 (子師) | |
| Wang Yün (Tzŭ-shih) | 王允 (子师) | |
| Diaochan’s father. Orchestrated the plot which resulted in Dong Zhuo’s death. | ||
| Wei Hong | 衛弘 | |
| Wei Hung | 卫弘 | |
| Of a wealthy family, he gave his property to Cao Cao to raise troops to restore the Han. | ||
| Wei Huang (Dewei) | 韋晃 | |
| Wei Huang (Tê-wei) | 韦晃 | |
| Han loyalist. Participated in a coup with Geng Ji and Jin Yi. Captured by Xiahou Dun. | ||
| Wu Shi (Zilan) | 吳碩 (子蘭) | |
| Wu Shih (Tzŭlan) | 吴硕 (子兰) | |
| Part of the ‘Jade Girdle’ plot to kill Cao Cao. Friend of Dong Cheng and Wang Zifu. Executed by Cao. | ||
Notes: In SGZ: Shu 2 a man by the name of Wu Zilan 吳子蘭 is described as one of the conspirators. It is likely that this is Wu Shi, and that Zilan was his style. |
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| Xia Yun | 夏暉 | |
| Hsia Yün | 夏晖 | |
| One of the Ten Regular Attendants, greatly favoured by Dowager Dong and Emperor Ling. | ||
Notes: You may also see him referenced as Xia Hui (‘暉’ can be ‘Hui1’). In this case, we have sided with the Moss Roberts and Brewitt-Taylor translations. |
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| Xiang Kai (Gongzhi) | 襄楷 | |
| Hsiang K‘ai (Kung-chih) | 襄楷 | |
| Widely read, he used portents against the eunuchs and for the reformers. Predicted the eunuchs’ destruction. | ||
| Xu Huang (Gongming) | 徐晃 (公明) | |
| Hsü Huang (Kung-ming) | 徐晃 (公明) | |
| Served Cao Cao. Famous for breaking the siege of Fancheng against Guan Yu. | ||
| Xu Jing (Wenxiu) | 許靖 (文休) | |
| Hsü Ching (Wên-hsiu) | 许靖 (文休) | |
| Said to be an able critic. Liu Bei didn’t respect him but Liang always bowed to him. | ||
| Xu Kun | 徐琨 | |
| Hsü K‘un | 徐琨 | |
| Fought under Sun Jian and Sun Ce, replaced as Administrator as he was seen as a threat. | ||
| Xu Qiu (Mengyu) | 徐璆 (孟玉) | |
| Hsü Ch‘iu (Mêng-yü) | 徐璆 (孟玉) | |
| A scholarly man of utmost honesty, he refused to serve Yuan Shu and returned the imperial seal. | ||
Notes: Also Xu Jiu. Styled Mengyu (孟玉), Mengben (孟本), or Mengping (孟平). Sometimes found as Xu Liu. |
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| Xu Rong | 徐榮 | |
| Hsü Jung | 徐荣 | |
| Defeated Cao Cao and Sun Jian in battle, but never able to press it home. | ||
| Xun Shuang (Ciming) | 荀爽 (慈明) | |
| Hsün Shuang (Tz‘ŭ-ming) | 荀爽 (慈明) | |
| Fast tracked by Dong Zhuo, he calmed Zhuo down when Yang Biao angered him. | ||
Notes: Also known as Xun Xu. |
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| Xun You (Gongda) | 荀攸 (公達) | |
| Hsün Yu (Kung-ta) | 荀攸 (公达) | |
| Advisor of Cao Cao. Xun Yu’s cousin. Died grieving Cao Cao’s interest in being Duke. | ||
Notes: His name is pronounced differently from Xun Yu’s. |
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| Yang Feng | 楊奉 | |
| Yang Fêng | 杨奉 | |
| Betrayed Li Jue to help Emperor Xian. Served Yuan Shu then Lü Bu. Killed by Bei’s men. | ||
| Yang Mi | 楊密 | |
| Yang Mi | 杨密 | |
| Imperial Corps Commander. Persuaded Guo Si not to kill Yang Biao. | ||
| Yang Qi | 楊琦 | |
| Yang Ch‘i | 杨琦 | |
| Advised through Li Jue and Guo Si’s abuse, recommended Jia Xu. Plotted against Li Jue. | ||
| Yuan Feng (Zhouyang) | 袁逢 (周陽) | |
| Yüan Fêng (Chou-yang) | 袁逢 (周阳) | |
| Father of Yuan Shu and possibly Yuan Shao. Minister of Agriculture in service to Han. | ||
| Yuan Huan (Yaoqing) | 袁渙 (曜卿) | |
| Yüan Huan (Yao-ch‘ing) | 袁涣 (曜卿) | |
| A man of courtesy, generosity and restraint, he refused to rebuke Liu Bei. | ||
| Yuan Shao (Benchu) | 袁紹 (本初) | |
| Yüan Shao (Pên-ch‘u) | 袁绍 (本初) | |
| Childhood friend, and later enemy of, Cao Cao. Defeated at Guan Du. | ||
| Yuan Shu (Gonglu) | 袁術 (公路) | |
| Yüan Shu (Kung-lu) | 袁术 (公路) | |
| Yuan Shao’s younger brother. Declared himself Emperor, but soon after died. | ||
| Yuan Wei (Ciyang) | 袁隗 | |
| Yüan Wei (Tz‘ŭ-yang) | 袁隗 | |
| A famed minister, aided He Jin’s avengers. Killed by a vengeful Dong Zhuo. | ||
| Zang Min | 臧旻 | |
| Tsang Min | 臧旻 | |
| Governor of Kuaiji. Recommended Sun Jian to the court after Jian quelled Xu Chang’s rebellion. | ||
| Zhang Chao (Zibing) | 張超 (子並) | |
| Chang Ch‘ao (Tzŭ-ping) | 张超 (子并) | |
| A man of great literary ability, he assisted Zhu Jun against the Turbans. | ||
| Zhang Cheng (Gongxian) | 張承 (公先) | |
| Chang Ch‘êng (Kung-hsien) | 张承 (公先) | |
| Warned Yuan Shu about declaring himself Son of Heaven, served in many ranks. | ||
| Zhang Fei (Yide) | 張飛 (益德) | |
| Chang Fei (I-tê) | 张飞 (益德) | |
| Sworn brother of Liu Bei and Guan Yu. Second of the Five Tiger Generals. | ||
Notes: Sanguozhi records Zhang Fei’s style as 益 (yi4: ‘benefit’ or ‘increase’) rather than 翼 (yi4: ‘wing’), as used in the novel, games, and most literature. |
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| Zhang Ji | 張濟 | |
| Chang Chi | 张济 | |
| Junior partner under Li Jue, attacks Liu Biao in bid for supplies but dies due to arrow. | ||
| Zhang Jian (Yuanjie) | 張儉 (元節) | |
| Chang Chien (Yüan-chieh) | 张俭 (元节) | |
| Much admired, thousands of people died helping him flee. Aware of Cao Cao’s ambitions. | ||
| Zhang Jin (Ziyun) | 張津 (子雲) | |
| Chang Chin (Tzŭ-yün) | 张津 (子云) | |
| Practised magic, sent to oppose Liu Biao, he was killed by his officer Ou Jing. | ||
| Zhang Jun | 張鈞 | |
| Chang Chün | 张钧 | |
| Blamed the Yellow Turban revolt on the eunuchs. Arrested and flogged on false charges. | ||
| Zhang Miao (Mengzhuo) | 張邈 (孟卓) | |
| Chang Miao (Mêng-cho) | 张邈 (孟卓) | |
| Friend of Yuan Shao and Cao Cao, rebelled against Cao Cao. Killed by his own men later on. | ||
| Zhang Qi | 張岐 | |
| Chang Ch‘i | 张岐 | |
| Sent by Han Fu and Yuan Shao to get Liu Yu to take up the throne. | ||
| Zhang Rang | 張讓 | |
| Chang Jang | 张让 | |
| Most influential of the Ten Regular Attendants. Drowned himself to avoid capture. | ||
| Zhang Wen (Boshen) | 張溫 (惠恕) | |
| Chang Wên (Po-shên) | 张温 (惠恕) | |
| First ever Han Excellency appointed when out of the capital, struggled to deal with Han Sui. | ||
| Zhang Xiu | 張繡 | |
| Chang Hsiu | 张绣 | |
| He fought Cao Cao after he took Zhang Ji’s widow as a wife. Served Wei with distinction. | ||
| Zhang Yan (Zijie) | 張儼 (子節) | |
| Chang Yen (Tzŭ-chieh) | 张俨 (子节) | |
| Leader of the Black Mountain Bandits. Tried but failed to aid Gongsun Zan. | ||
Notes: Many Black Mountain Bandits had nicknames. Zhang Yan‘s was ’Flying Swallow Zan.’ |
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| Zhang Yang (Zhishu) | 張楊 (稚叔) | |
| Chang Yang (Chih-shu) | 张杨 (稚叔) | |
| A good and generous man, attempted to aid Emperor Xian but wasn’t trusted by other generals. | ||
| Zhang Zhang | 張璋 | |
| Chang Chang | 张璋 | |
| Officer under He Jin. Led troops to slaughter the eunuchs after his death. | ||
| Zhao Zhong | 趙忠 | |
| Chao Chung | 赵忠 | |
| Emperor Ling considered him as a mother, slandered Huangfu Song, Lu Qiang and Fu Xie. | ||
| Zhen Yi | 甄逸 | |
| Chên I | 甄逸 | |
| Father of Empress Zhen, but died while she was young. Commandery Governor. | ||
| Zheng Sui | 郑遂 | |
| Chêng Sui | ||
| Student of Li Gu, compiled record of master’s sayings. Killed by Turbans from Qing. | ||
| Zheng Xuan (Kangcheng) | 鄭玄 (康成) | |
| Chêng Hsüan (K‘-ang-ch‘êng) | 郑玄 (康成) | |
| Loved wine, a leading scholar of his day but hated court life. Had many students. | ||
| Zhong Yao (Yuanchang) | 鍾繇 (元常) | |
| Chung Yao (Yüan-ch‘ang) | 钟繇 (元常) | |
| Famous calligrapher. Stirred up quarrel between Han Sui and Ma Teng, close to Cao Pi. | ||
| Zhou Huan (Wenming) | 周央 | |
| Chou Huan (Wên-ming) | 周央 | |
| Part of Wang Yun’s government, killed by Li Jue and Guo Si’s troops. | ||
| Zhou Jing | 周旌 | |
| Chou Ching | 周旌 | |
| Part of Wang Fen’s plot in 188 to kidnap Emperor Ling. Cao Cao refused to be involved. | ||
| Zhou Xin (Daming) | 周昕 (大明) | |
| Chou Hsin (Ta-ming) | 周昕 (大明) | |
| Well read, he resigned his position rather then have Yuan Shu to harm his people. | ||
| Zhu Hao (Wenming) | 朱皓 (文明) | |
| Chu Hao (Wên-ming) | 朱皓 (文明) | |
| Established excellent Government. Attacked Yuan Shu but was later killed by Zhai Rong. | ||
| Zhu Jun (Gongwei) | 朱儁 (公偉) | |
| Chu Chün (Kung-wei) | 朱儁 (公伟) | |
| Han minister who fought against the Yellow Scarves with Liu Bei and Sun Jian. | ||
| Zhuge Gui (Zigong) | 諸葛珪 (子貢) | |
| Chuko Kuei (Tzŭ-kung) | 诸葛珪 (子贡) | |
| Zhuge Liang’s father. Descended from Zhuge Feng. Governor’s deputy in Taishan. | ||
Notes: His style is entered in the Sanguozhi as Jungong (君貢) but in Sanguo Yanyi as Zigong (子貢). Jungong is likely correct as it stems from Sanguozhi. We are looking into this. |
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| Zou Jing | 鄒靖 | |
| Tsou Ching | 邹靖 | |
| Served as Commandant under Liu Yan. Fought the Yellow Scarves with Liu Bei. | ||
Notes: His name is incorrectly translated as ‘Zhou Jing’ in some Brewitt-Taylor editions. |
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| Zuo Feng | 左豐 | |
| Tso Fêng | 左丰 | |
| Eunuch of Han. Sent to evaluate Lu Zhi. Demanded a bribe, then lied about his merit. | ||
Notes: His name is incorrectly translated as ‘Zhuo Feng’ in some Brewitt-Taylor editions. |
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Copyright © 2001–2010 James Peirce