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Officers H–O: officer names from the Three Kingdoms officer name English–Chinese reference tool. Cross-reference given (xìng), personal (míng) and style (zì), given (xìng) and personal (míng) names in Pinyin, Wade-Giles, and traditional Chinese (both in Hanzi and decimal-encoded form for non-Unicode websites and forums).
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Name (family, given), style, Wade-Giles, tones, traditional and simplified Chinese.
| Officer Name (Wade-Giles) |
Traditional, Simplified |
Traditional Chinese, Simplified Chinese |
|---|---|---|
| Han ? (Shiyuan) | 韓? (士元) | |
| Han ? (Shih-yuan) | 韩? (士元) | |
| Noted by Chen Shou that no name, achievements or place of origin were available. | ||
| Han Dang (Yigong) | 韓當 (義公) | |
| Han Tang (I-kung) | 韩当 (义公) | |
| Veteran general in service to the Sun family. Served three generations. | ||
| Han De | 韓德 | |
| Han Tê | 韩德 | |
| Served Wei. Father to Han Ying, Yao, Qiong, and Qi. Died at Changshan facing Zhao Yun. | ||
| Han Fu (Wenjie) | 韓馥 (文節) | |
| Han Fu (Wên-chieh) | 韩馥 (文节) | |
| Surrendered to Yuan Shao but was abused. Fled to Zhang Miao and later committed suicide. | ||
| Han Fu (Yigong) | 韓福 (易公) | |
| Han Fu (I-kung) | 韩福 (易公) | |
| Governor of Luo Yang, killed by Guan Yu while guarding the passes. | ||
Notes: Translated in Brewitt-Taylor editions of the novel, and in Koei games, as Han Qu. |
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| Han Hao (Yuansi) | 韓浩 (元嗣) | |
| Han Hao (Yüan-ssŭ) | 韩浩 (元嗣) | |
| Rescued Xiahou Dun from being held hostage. Supported the farm reforms. | ||
| Han Ji (Gongzi) | 韓暨 (公至) | |
| Han Chi (Kung-tzŭ) | 韩暨 (公至) | |
| Sent by Cao Rui to tell Cao Zhen not to give battle against Zhuge Liang. | ||
| Han Song (Degao) | 韓嵩 (德高) | |
| Han Sung (Tê-kao) | 韩嵩 (德高) | |
| A tactician of Liu Biao, he served as one of Biao’s ministers. | ||
| Han Sui (Wenyue) | 韓遂 (文約) | |
| Han Sui (Wên-yüeh) | 韩遂 (文约) | |
| Worked with Ma Chao, before defecting to Cao Cao. Lost his hand to Ma Chao. | ||
| Han Xian | 韓暹 | |
| Han Hsien | 韩暹 | |
| White Wave Rebel. Helped Emperor Xian. Served Yuan Shu, Lü Bu. Killed by Bei’s men. | ||
| Han Xuan | 韓玄 | |
| Han Hsüan | 韩玄 | |
| Magistrate of Changsha. Wei Yan killed him and surrendered to Liu Bei. | ||
| Han Yin | 韓胤 | |
| Han Yin | 韩胤 | |
| Sent by Yuan Shu to Lü Bu as a messenger for marriage, and later executed. | ||
| Han Zhong | 韓忠 | |
| Han Chung | 韩忠 | |
| Yellow Scarf officer. Fought with Zhu Jun and Liu Bei at Wan, but was killed. | ||
| Hao Meng | 郝萌 | |
| Hao Mêng | 郝萌 | |
| Served under Lü Bu. Helped fight Cao Cao at Puyang in AD 164. | ||
| Hao Zhao (Bodao) | 郝昭 (伯道) | |
| Hao Chao (Po-tao) | 郝昭 (伯道) | |
| A talented officer of Wei. Successfully defended against Zhuge Liang at Chencang. | ||
| He Ceng (Yingkao) | 何曾 (穎考) | |
| Ho Ts‘êng (Ying-k‘-ao) | 何曾 (颖考) | |
| Son of He Kui, became Minister over the Masses. | ||
| He Jin (Suigao) | 何進 (遂高) | |
| Ho Chin (Sui-kao) | 何进 (遂高) | |
| Grand Administrator in the Han courts, but was assassinated by the eunuchs. | ||
| He Jing | 賀景 | |
| Ho Ching | 贺景 | |
| Served Wu. Son of He Qi. Strict but kind. Died young. | ||
| He Kui (Shulong) | 何夔 (叔龍) | |
| Ho K‘uei (Shu-lung) | 何夔 (叔龙) | |
| Masters of Writing. Claimed Yuan Shu lacked support if he declared himself Emperor. | ||
| He Man | 何曼 | |
| Ho Man | 何曼 | |
| Nicknamed ‘The Shooting Devil’ in novel. Yellow Scarves commander. Executed by Cao Cao. | ||
| He Miao | 何苗 | |
| Ho Miao | 何苗 | |
| Empress He’s older half-brother. Later assassinated by Dong Zhuo. | ||
Notes: Was born Zhu Miao. |
||
| He Qi (Gongmiao) | 賀齊 (公苗) | |
| Ho Ch‘i (Kung-miao) | 贺齐 (公苗) | |
| Served Wu, first under Sun Ce. Became governor of Xuzhou. Father of He Da. | ||
| He Shao | 賀邵 | |
| Ho Shao | 贺邵 | |
| Grandson of He Qi. Son of He Jing. Unrecorded in history aside from his name. | ||
| He Xi | 何熙 | |
| Ho Hsi | 何熙 | |
| He Kui’s great-grandfather. | ||
| He Xia (Yangshi) | 和洽 (陽士) | |
| Ho Hsia (Yang-shih) | 和洽 (阳士) | |
| Rescued Mao Jie from jail but unable to restore his rank. Supported Cao Pi’s succession and ascension. | ||
Notes: Also known as He Qia. Appears as He He in the Brewitt-Taylor edition of Romance of the Three Kingdoms. |
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| He Yan (Pingshu) | 何晏 (平叔) | |
| Ho Yen (P‘ing-shu) | 何晏 (平叔) | |
| The grandson of He Jin, he served Wei. Was a trusted friend of Cao Shuang. | ||
| He Yi | 何儀 | |
| Ho I | 何仪 | |
| Yellow Scarves commander. Captured Runan after the Yellow Scarves rebellion. | ||
| He Yu (Boqiu) | 何禺 | |
| Ho Yü (Po-ch‘iu) | 何禺 | |
| Recognised Cao Cao and Xun Yu as men who could deal with the troubles. | ||
Notes: Historic name is ‘He Yong", name used in some Brewitt-Taylor editions. |
||
| He Zhen (Yuangan) | 何楨 (元幹) | |
| Ho Chên (Yüan-kan) | 何桢 (元幹) | |
| Father of Empress He, became General of Chariots and Cavalry. | ||
| He Zhi | 何植 | |
| Ho Chih | 何植 | |
| Grandson of He Qi. Son of He Da. Sun Hao’s Minister of the Interior. | ||
| Queen Himiko | 卑彌呼 | |
| Name is Japanese | N/A | |
| Queen Himiko was the female ruler of pre-Japan’s Yamatai region. Contacted Wei in AD 238. | ||
Notes: Sometime also called Pimiku or Pimiko. Precise pronunciation of her name is unknown as the kanji of her name were written prior to mid-20th century kanji reforms. Himiko may be a Chinese corruption of himemiko (princess priestess or lady shaman), which translates to ‘Sun Child’. |
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| Hou Cheng | 侯成 | |
| Hou Ch‘êng | 侯成 | |
| Cavalry commander under Lü Bu. Defected to Cao Cao. | ||
| Hou Lan | 侯覽 | |
| Hou Lan | 侯览 | |
| One of the Ten Regular Attendants. Tried to make off with Emperor Bian. | ||
| Hou Xuan | 侯選 | |
| Hou Hsüan | 侯选 | |
| One of Han Sui’s Eight Knights. Surrendered to Cao Cao along with Han Sui | ||
| Hu Ban | 胡班 | |
| Hu Pan | 胡班 | |
| Son of Hu Hua. Helped Guan Yu during his 1,000 li journey from Cao Cao. | ||
| Hu Che’er | 胡赤兒 | |
| Hu Ch‘ê–êrh | 胡赤儿 | |
| Advisor to Niu Fu. He betrayed him and sided with Lü Bu, who executed him. | ||
Notes: Hu Che’er is frequently confused with Hu Juer of Zhang Xiu, but they are, indeed, separate people. Hu Che’er’s name is sometimes typed with or without an apostrophe (Che’er or Cheer), and at times with a hypen instead (Che-er). To complicate matters further, sometimes his name is mistranslated as ‘Chi’er’, with all the according grammatical variations. The Chinese character 赤is actually pronounced Chi4, so the correct spelling of this name should be Hu Chi’er. |
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| Hu Chong | 胡沖 | |
| Hu Ch‘ung | 胡冲 | |
| Persuaded Sun Hao not to commit suicide but to surrender to Jin instead. | ||
Notes: Also appears sometimes as Hu Zhong. |
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| Hu Fen (Xuanwei) | 胡奮 (玄威) | |
| Hu Fên (Hsüan-wei) | 胡奋 (玄威) | |
| Killed Zhuge Dan of Wu. Advised Du Yu to wait before attacking Jianye. | ||
| Hu Hua | 胡華 | |
| Hu Hua | 胡华 | |
| Father of Hu Ban. Retired officer of the court under Emperor Huan. Met Guan Yu. | ||
| Hu Ji (Weidu) | 胡濟 (偉度) | |
| Hu Chi (Wei-tu) | 胡济 (伟度) | |
| Based in Hanshou, went to Cheng Du to get help to repel Wei’s invasion. | ||
| Hu Juer | 胡車兒 | |
| Hu Chüêrh | 胡车儿 | |
| Served Zhang Xiu. Stole Dian Wei’s weapons as part of Jia Xu’s plan to defeat Cao Cao. | ||
Notes: Ju1 is the former pronunciation of 車, which is now pronounced Che1. We hold true to the standard set by Moss Roberts and others, using the old pronunciation for an old historical figure. Besides, it helps to alleviate confusion between him and Hu Che’er of Niu Fu. |
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| Hu Lie (Wuxuan) | 胡烈 (武玄) | |
| Hu Lieh (Wu-hsüan) | 胡烈 (武玄) | |
| Took part in invasion of Shu, got former a vassal to warn his son about Zhong Hui’s revolt. | ||
| Hu Miao | 胡邈 | |
| Hu Miao | 胡邈 | |
| Privy counselor to Emperor Xian. Tried to calm an angry Huangfu Li to protect him. | ||
| Hu Yuan (Shiyuan) | 胡淵 (世元) | |
| Hu Yüan (Shih-yüan) | 胡渊 (世元) | |
| Son of Hu Lie, his army killed Zhong Hui and defeated Jiang Wei’s revolt. | ||
| Hu Zhen (Wencai) | 胡軫 (文才) | |
| Hu Chên (Wên-ts‘ai) | 胡轸 (文才) | |
| He led 5,000 men against Sun Jian but was killed by Cheng Pu after a few bouts. | ||
| Hu Zhi (Wende) | 胡質 (文德) | |
| Hu Chih (Wên-tê) | 胡质 (文德) | |
| Governor of Dongwan, took part in Cao Xiu’s invasion of Wu. | ||
| Hu Zong (Weize) | 胡綜 (偉則) | |
| Hu Tsung (Wei-tse) | 胡綜 (偉則) | |
| Joined Sun Ce as a refugee, noted scholar for his liteary achivments. | ||
| Hu Zun | 胡遵 | |
| Hu Tsun | 胡遵 | |
| Led the van against Gongsun Yuan then led the van in an invasion of Wu’s Dongxing. | ||
| Hua He (Yongxian) | 華覈 (永先) | |
| Hua Ho (Yung-hsien) | 华覈 (永先) | |
| Told Sun Hao not to attack but to gain the love of the people. Left court bemoaning Wu’s fate. | ||
Notes: Incorrectly translated in the Brewitt-Taylor edition as Hua Jiao |
||
| Hua Man | 花鬘 | |
| Hua Man | 花鬘 | |
| Hua Man is the fictional daughter of Meng Huo, as found in Koei games. | ||
| Hua Tuo (Yuanhua) | 華佗 (元化) | |
| Hua T‘o (Yüan-hua) | 华佗 (元化) | |
| A famous doctor from the Three Kingdoms period. Killed trying to avoid treating Cao Cao. | ||
| Hua Xin (Ziyu) | 華歆 (子魚) | |
| Hua Hsin (Tzŭ-yü) | 华歆 (子鱼) | |
| Head of “The Dragon”, a group of three scholars. Promoted Emperor Xian’s abdication. | ||
| Hua Xiong | 華雄 | |
| Hua Hsiung | 华雄 | |
| Brave general in service to Dong Zhuo. Died in battle with Sun Jian. | ||
Notes: Usually Hua is pronounced Hua2, but in the case of a Surname, is pronounced Hua4, hence Hua4 in the audio file. |
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| Huan Fan (Yuanze) | 桓範 (元則) | |
| Huan Fan (Yüan-tsê) | 桓范 (元则) | |
| Known as “Bag of Wisdom”, his advice was not heeded by Cao Shuang. Jailed by Sima Yi. | ||
| Huan Jie (Boxu) | 桓階 (伯緒) | |
| Huan Chieh (Po-hsü) | 桓阶 (伯绪) | |
| Served Wu, Wei. Negotiated the return of Sun Jian’s body. Involved with Xian’s abdication. | ||
Notes: Translated incorrectly as Huan Ji in some sources, including several Brewitt-Taylor editions. |
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| Huang Chengyan | 黄承彦 | |
| Huang Ch‘êngyen | 黄承彦 | |
| Father of Zhuge Liang’s wife. A prominent scholar of the Later Han Dynasty. | ||
Notes: Incorrectly referenced as Huang Chenyan (承 [Cheng2] as ‘Chen’) in many sites, biographies, and in some Brewitt-Taylor translations. |
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| Huang Chong | 黃崇 | |
| Huang Ch‘ung | 黄崇 | |
| Son of Huang Quan, who served Liu Zhang then Shu. Killed by his soldiers. | ||
| Huang Gai (Gongfu) | 黄蓋 (公覆) | |
| Huang Kai (Kung-fu) | 黄盖 (公覆) | |
| Veteran general in Wu. Came up with the “Bitter Meat Plan” for Chibi. | ||
| Huang Hao | 黃皓 | |
| Huang Hao | 黄皓 | |
| Eunuch in service to Liu Shan. His advice helped to destroy Shu. | ||
| Huang Quan (Gongheng) | 黃權 (公衡) | |
| Huang Ch‘üan (Kung-hêng) | 黄权 (公衡) | |
| Served Liu Zhang and later Liu Bei. Surrendered to Wei out of necessity. | ||
| Huang Shao | 黃邵 | |
| Huang Shao | 黄邵 | |
| Yellow Scarves commander. Served with He Yi and He Man. Executed by Cao Cao. | ||
Notes: In the novel, Sanguo yanyi, the Chinese characters used for Huang Shao’s name are huang2 shao4 黃劭. In Sanguozhi, the Chinese characters are huang2 shao4 黃邵. We have chosen to use the historic rendering. |
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| Huang She | 黃射 | |
| Huang Shê | 黄射 | |
| Defeated at Shaxian, then lost at Xiakou, friend of Mi Heng. Fate unsure. | ||
| Huang Xu | 黃敘 | |
| Huang Hsü | 黄叙 | |
| Served Shu. Huang Zhong’s son, died young without children. | ||
| Huang Yong | 黃邕 | |
| Huang Yung | 黄邕 | |
| Son of Huang Quan, who served Liu Zhang then Shu. Died without issue. | ||
| Huang Yueying | 黄月英 | |
| Huang Yüehying | 黄月英 | |
| Zhuge Liang’s wife. Huang Chengyan’s daughter. Was very smart, but not beautiful. | ||
| Huang Zhong (Hansheng) | 黃忠 (漢升) | |
| Huang Chung (Han-shêng) | 黄忠 (汉升) | |
| Joined Liu Bei after Han Xuan’s defeat. One of the Five Tiger Generals. | ||
| Huang Zhu | 黃柱 | |
| Huang Chu | 黃柱 | |
| Employed at Guiyang. Chen Shou recorded that most other information had been lost. | ||
| Huang Zu | 黃祖 | |
| Huang Tsu | 黄祖 | |
| Served under Liu Biao. Later killed by Gan Ning at Xia Kou. | ||
| Huangfu Kai | 皇甫闓 | |
| Huangfu K‘ai | 皇甫闓 | |
| Officer of Wei and, later, Jin. Joined Zhong Hui in his conquest of Hanzhong. | ||
| Huangfu Li | 皇甫酈 | |
| Huangfu Li | 皇甫郦 | |
| Served Emperor Xian. Charged with making peace between Li Jue and Guo Si. | ||
| Huangfu Song (Yizhen) | 皇甫嵩 (義真) | |
| Huangfu Sung (I-chên) | 皇甫嵩 (义真) | |
| Imperial Commander under Han. Fought heavily against the Yellow Turban Rebellion. | ||
| Humu Ban (Jipi) | 胡母班 (季皮) | |
| Humu Pan (Chi-p‘i) | 胡母班 (季皮) | |
| Sent by Dong Zhuo to pursuade Yuan Shao to lay down his arms. Executed by Wang Kuang. | ||
Notes: Hou Han shu records his style as Jiyou. SGZ: Yuan Shao. |
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| Huo Du | 霍篤 | |
| Huo Tu | 霍笃 | |
| Had a few hundred followers, he died young and his brother inherited his troops. | ||
| Huo Hu | 火虎 | |
| Huo Hu | 火虎 | |
| Huo Hu, self-proclaimed master of powders, joins Liu Bei in Capcom’s Destiny of an Emperor. | ||
Notes: Huo Hu 火虎 literally translates as Fire Tiger. As such, it was probably intended to be a title rather than a name. Furthermore, Huo 火 is not a proper surname. In Japanese, Huo Hu is pronounced Ka Ku. Discussion. Also, Huo is actually pronounced Huo3 in Chinese, but because Hu3 is after it, it changes Huo3 to Huo2. |
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| Huo Jun (Zhongmiao) | 霍峻 (仲邈) | |
| Huo Chün (Chung-miao) | 霍峻 (仲邈) | |
| Held Jiameng against Liu Zhang’s generals before his countering and defeating them. | ||
| Huo Yi (Shaoxian) | 霍弋 (紹先) | |
| Huo I (Shao-hsien) | 霍弋 (绍先) | |
| Son of Huo Jun, was concerned about lack of defences at Cheng Du. | ||
| Ji Ling | 紀靈 | |
| Chi Ling | 纪灵 | |
| Served under Yuan Shu. A fierce warrior who was killed by Zhang Fei. | ||
| Ji Miao (Wenran) | 吉邈 (文然) | |
| Chi Miao (Wên-jan) | 吉邈 (文然) | |
| Son of Ji Ping. Joined Geng Ji’s coup to avenge his father but was killed in the fighting. | ||
Notes: Ji Miao sometimes appears as Ji Mao. The correct translation of 邈 is Miao. |
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| Ji Mu (Siran) | 吉穆 (思然) | |
| Chi Mu (Ssŭ-jan) | 吉穆 (思然) | |
| Son of Ji Ping. Fled the capital but returned secretly. Died in Geng Ji’s coup. | ||
| Ji Ping | 吉平 | |
| Chi P‘ing | 吉平 | |
| Court physician from Luoyang. Forced to commit suicide by Cao Cao. | ||
Notes: Also referenced by the name Chi T’ai in the Brewitt-Taylor translation. Called Ji Ben in SGZ |
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| Jia Chong (Gonglü) | 賈充 (公閭) | |
| Chia Ch‘ung (Kung-lü) | 贾充 (公闾) | |
| Suggested usurpation of the throne to Sima Yan and opposed invasion of Wu. | ||
| Jia Fan | 賈範 | |
| Chia Fan | 贾范 | |
| Officer of Gongsun Yuan. Was executed by Yuan for opposing his declaration of independence. | ||
| Jia Hua | 賈華 | |
| Chia Hua | 贾华 | |
| Officer of Wu. Guarded Sun Quan at the battle of Hefei. | ||
| Jia Kui (Liangdao) | 賈逵 (梁道) | |
| Chia K‘uei (Liang-tao) | 贾逵 (梁道) | |
| Served as strategist to Cao Xiu, seeing through Zhou Fang’s plot. | ||
| Jia Xu (Wenhe) | 賈詡 (文和) | |
| Chia Hsü (Wên-ho) | 贾诩 (文和) | |
| Skillful advisor. Served Dong Zhuo, Li Jue, Guo Si, Zhang Xiu, then Cao Cao. | ||
Notes: Jia Xu is pronounced Jia2 Xu3 because of the 3rd tone preceeding the second in his normal given name. His name and style name should be pronounced and said as “Jia3 Wen2 He2”, not “Jia2 Wen2 He2” |
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| Jian Shuo | 蹇碩 | |
| Chien Shuo | 蹇硕 | |
| One of the Ten Regular Attendants. Killed by fellow eunuch Guo Sheng. | ||
Notes: The character 碩 can also be translated as Shi and in some academic sources this is considered to be the standard translation (e.g. anything by Rafe de Crespigny). We are using Jian Shuo because that is the most commonly used Romanization. |
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| Jian Yong (Xianhe) | 簡雍 (憲和) | |
| Chien Yung (Hsien-ho) | 简雍 (宪和) | |
| Originally served Tao Qian. Persuaded Liu Zhang to surrender to Liu Bei. | ||
Notes: Jian Yong’s family name may have originally been ‘Geng’ (耿), but in the Youzhou dialect ‘Geng’ it was pronounced ‘Jian’, so he changed it. |
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| Jiang Ban | 蔣班 | |
| Chiang Pan | 蒋班 | |
| Advised Zhuge Dan to force a battle to escape but was rejected. Surrendered to Wei. | ||
| Jiang Bin | 蔣斌 | |
| Chiang Pin | 蒋斌 | |
| Served Shu as a general under Liu Shan. Later surrendered to Zhong Hui. | ||
| Jiang Gan (Ziyi) | 蔣幹 (子翼) | |
| Chiang Kan (Tzŭ-i) | 蒋干 (子翼) | |
| Friend of Zhou Yu, he was sent to spy on Wu but was tricked, helping to cause Wei’s defeat at Chibi. | ||
| Jiang Gong | 江宫 | |
| Chiang Kung | 江宫 | |
| Bandit who was defeated and killed by Li Tong. | ||
| Jiang Ji (Zitong) | 蔣濟 (子通) | |
| Chiang Chi (Tzŭ-t‘ung) | 蒋济 (子通) | |
| Advised against moving the capital when Guan Yu attacked. Helped Sima Yi deal with Cao Shuang. | ||
| Jiang Qin (Gongyi) | 蔣欽 (公奕) | |
| Chiang Ch‘in (Kung-i) | 蒋钦 (公奕) | |
| Led the volunteer forces that joined Sun Ce in the battle of Qu’e. | ||
| Jiang Shu | 蔣舒 | |
| Chiang Shu | 蒋舒 | |
| Jiang Wei highly prized his talent, was disgruntled and defected in Wei’s invasion. | ||
| Jiang Wan (Gongyan) | 蔣琬 (公琰) | |
| Chiang Wan (Kung-yen) | 蒋琬 (公琰) | |
| Served Shu starting with the Yi invasion. Trusted and influential. Died as Regent. | ||
| Jiang Wei (Boyue) | 姜維 (伯約) | |
| Chiang Wei (Po-yüeh) | 姜维 (伯约) | |
| Served Shu as Minister of War, eventually inheriting Zhuge Liang’s responsibilities. | ||
| Jiang Xian | 蔣顯 | |
| Chiang Hsien | 蒋显 | |
| Sent by Liu Shan to order Jiang Wei to surrender. | ||
| Jiang Xu (Boyi) | 姜敘 (伯奕) | |
| Chiang Hsü (Po-i) | 姜叙 (伯奕) | |
| Cousin of Yang Fu. Helped to drive out Ma Chao, but Ma Chao killed his mother. | ||
| Jiang Yiqu | 蔣義渠 | |
| Chiang Ich‘ü | 蒋义渠 | |
| Officer of Yuan Shao. Comforted Yuan Shao after his defeat at Guandu. | ||
| Jiao Chu | 焦觸 | |
| Chiao Ch‘u | 焦触 | |
| Served Yuan Xi with Zhang Nan. Betrayed to Cao Cao. Killed by Han Dang at Chi Bi. | ||
| Jiao Jiao (Jiao Zhengqiang) | 焦矯(焦征羌) | |
| Chiao Chiao (Chiao Chêngch‘iang) | 焦矫(焦征羌) | |
| Head of a powerful family in Runan. Treated Bu Zhi poorly when he came for aid. | ||
Notes: Jiao Jiao, as Magistrate of Zhengqiang, also became known as Jiao Zhengqiang (as such you may see him referenced by this name). The name Qiao has also been associated with him and we are attempting to source it. |
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| Jiao Yi | 焦彝 | |
| Chiao I | 焦彝 | |
| Advisor of Zhuge Dun, slipped over the walls and surrendered to Wei. | ||
| Jin Shang | 金尚 | |
| Chin Shang | 金尚 | |
| Imperial Protector of Yangzhou. Executed after declining office from Yuan Shu. | ||
| Jin Xuan (Yuanji) | 金旋 (元機) | |
| Chin Hsüan (Yüan-chi) | 金旋 (元机) | |
| Served as Governor of Wuling. Defeated by Zhang Fei. | ||
Notes: Called Jin Shun in Liu Bei’s SGZ. |
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| Jin Yi (Deyi) | 今已 | |
| Chin I (Tê-i) | 今已 | |
| Descendant of Jin Midi. Advised Geng Ji on killing Wang Bi. Died fighting in the coup. | ||
Notes: May also have been Jin Wei, son of Jin Shang. |
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| Jinhuansanjie | 金環三結 | |
| Chinhuansanchieh | 金环三结 | |
| An officer of Meng Huo, he died fighting the Shu army during their attack. | ||
Notes: Mistranslated in Brewit-Taylor as Jinhua Sanjie. |
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| Ju Gu | 沮鵠 | |
| Chü Ku | 沮鹄 | |
| Maintained Handan. Defeated by Zhang Liao and shot while fleeing. | ||
Notes: Appears in some Koei games, and a few other sources, as Ju Hu. |
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| Ju Shou | 沮授 | |
| Chü Shou | 沮授 | |
| Suggested attacking Cao Cao to Yuan Shao but was ignored and imprisoned. | ||
| Kan Ze (Derun) | 闞澤 (德潤) | |
| K‘an Tsê (Tê-jun) | 闞泽 (德润) | |
| Delivered Huang Gai’s false letter of defection to Cao Cao. | ||
| King Cheliji | 彻里吉大王 | |
| King Ch‘êlichi | 彻里吉大王 | |
| Fictional. King of Western Qiang. Ally of Cao Rui. | ||
Notes: Frequently written ‘King Cheli Ji’. |
||
| King Duosi | 思朵大王 | |
| King Tossŭ | 思朵大王 | |
| Officer of Meng Huo. Said to be the wisest man in all of Nanman. | ||
| King Kebineng | 軻比能大王 | |
| King K‘opinêng | 轲比能大王 | |
| Unifier of the Xianbei tribe. Fought often with Wei until he was assassinated. | ||
Notes: You may also see him as Kebinang, Ke Binang, Kebe Neng, Kebe Nang, etc. |
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| King Meng Huo | 孟獲大王 | |
| King Mêng Huo | 孟獲大王 | |
| Ruled Nanman after Shamoke’s death. Captured and released seven times by Kongming. | ||
Notes: In pronunciation, Meng is his surname, Huo his given name. Da means “big/large” and Wang means King, for your information, Wang2 is only one word for King, Emperors have different titles, usually Huang2 Di4. |
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| King Mulu | 木鹿大王 | |
| King Mulu | 木鹿大王 | |
| A Nanman chieftan. Initially drove back Zhuge Liang’s armies with his magic. | ||
| King Shamoke | 沙摩柯大王 | |
| King Shamok‘o | 沙摩柯大王 | |
| Originally a tribal leader, he helped Liu Bei at Yi Ling but died fighting Wu. | ||
| King Wutugu | 兀突骨大王 | |
| King Wut‘uku | 兀突骨大王 | |
| Ruled the cave dwelling Wuguo Kingdom in south China. Twelve spans tall. | ||
| Kong Rong (Wenju) | 孔融 (文舉) | |
| K‘ung Jung (Wên-chü) | 孔融 (文举) | |
| One of the lords that assembled against Dong Zhuo. Descended from Confucius. | ||
| Kong Shang | 孔尚 | |
| K‘ung Shang | 孔尚 | |
| Great-great-grandfather of Kong Rong, who served Wei. | ||
| Kong Xiu | 孔秀 | |
| K‘ung Hsiu | 孔秀 | |
| One of the defenders of the Passes killed by Guan Yu. | ||
| Kong Yu (Shiyuan) | 孔昱 (世元) | |
| K‘ung Yü (Shih-yüan) | 孔昱 (世元) | |
| One of the Eight Paragons of Jiangxia. From the fief of Lu. | ||
Notes: Also known as Kong Yi (Yi4 翊). Styled Shiyuan or Yuanshi (Yuan4shi4 元世). |
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| Kong Zhou (Jijiang) | 孔宙 | |
| K‘ung Chou (Chi-chiang) | 孔宙 | |
| Father of Kong Rong and Kong Bao. Steele was set up on his death. | ||
| Kong Zhou (Gongxu) | 孔伷 (公緒) | |
| K‘ung Chou (Kung-hsü) | 孔伷 (公绪) | |
| Known for his eloquent way of speaking. He joined alliance against Dong Zhuo. | ||
Notes: Sometimes you can find his name incorrectly translated as Kong You2. |
||
| Kuai Liang (Zirou) | 蒯良 (子柔) | |
| K‘uai Liang (Tzŭ-jou) | 蒯良 (子柔) | |
| Adviser of Liu Biao. Came up with the plan that resulted in Sun Jian’s death. | ||
| Kuai Qi | 蒯祺 | |
| K‘uai Ch‘i | 蒯祺 | |
| Governor of Fangling. Killed by Meng Da’s troops. Supposedly related to Kuai Yue. | ||
| Kuai Yue (Yidu) | 蒯越 (異度) | |
| K‘uai Yüeh (I-tu) | 蒯越 (异度) | |
| Younger brother of Kuai Liang. Became a vassal of Wei when Cao Cao took Jing. | ||
| Lady Bao | 鮑夫人 | |
| Lady Pao | 鲍夫人 | |
| Mother of Bao Chu. She lived more than 100 years. | ||
| Lady Ding | 丁夫人 | |
| Lady Ting | 丁夫人 | |
| Cao Cao’s first wife, she blamed him for Cao Ang’s death and they divorced. | ||
| Lady Liu | 劉夫人 | |
| Lady Liu | 刘夫人 | |
| Yuan Shao’s wife. Mother of Yuan Shang. | ||
| Lady Mi | 糜夫人 | |
| Lady Mi | 糜夫人 | |
| Consort of Liu Bei. Mi Zhu’s sister. Took her own life so Zhao Yun could save Liu Shan. | ||
| Lady Pan | 潘夫人 | |
| Lady P‘an | 潘夫人 | |
| Wife of Sun Quan, the Lord of Wu. Was a native of Juzhang in Kuaiji. | ||
| Lady Sun [Sun Shangxiang] | 孫妃[孫尚香] | |
| Lady Sun [Sun Shanghsiang] | 孙妃[孙尚香] | |
| Sun Quan’s sister. Married to Liu Bei by Sun Quan, but later returned to Wu. | ||
Notes: Sun Shangxiang is Lady Sun’s name in most Koei Games. Sun Ren is incorrect. As is Sun Li, which you may come across. Her actual name is unknown. |
||
| Lady Sun | 孫夫人 | |
| Lady Sun | 孙夫人 | |
| Daughter of Sun Ce. Wife of Lu Xun. Her marriage bonded the Lu and Sun families. | ||
Notes: Sun Shi in Koei’s Romance of the Three Kingdoms. |
||
| Lady Wang | 王夫人 | |
| Lady Wang | 王夫人 | |
| Second only to Madam Bu, Sun Luban slandered her to death. | ||
Notes: Lady Wang of Langya. Not to be confused with Lady Wang of Nanyang. |
||
| Lady Wang | 王夫人 | |
| Lady Wang | 王夫人 | |
| Wife of Sun Quan, the Lord of Wu. Mother of Sun Xiu. Was a native of Nanyang. | ||
Notes: Lady Wang of Nanyang. Not to be confused with Lady Wang of Langya. |
||
| Lady Wu | 夫人吳 | |
| Lady Wu | 夫人吴 | |
| Mother of Sun Quan and Sun Ce. Wife to Sun Jian. Endorsed marriage of lady Sun. | ||
| Lady Xu | 夫人徐 | |
| Lady Hsü | 夫人徐 | |
| Wife of Sun Quan, the Lord of Wu. Was a native of Fuchun in Wu Commandary. | ||
| Lady Zhurong | 祝融妃 | |
| Lady Chujung | 祝融妃 | |
| Wife of King Meng Huo. Said to be descended from the Goddess of Fire. | ||
Notes: Zhu4rong2 is her name, but Fei1 means literally “imperial concubine” |
||
| Lady Zou | 鄒氏 | |
| Lady Tsou | 邹氏 | |
| Former wife of Zhang Ji. Caught Cao Cao’s fancy while staying with Zhang Xiu. | ||
Notes: Appears as ‘Lady Zhou’ in Koei games, and in the Brewitt-Taylor translation. Lady Zou’s name is strange in meaning. Zou1 is a surname as expected, but Shi4 is a clan or maiden name. |
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| Lai Min (Jingda) | 來敏 (敬達) | |
| Lai Min (Ching-ta) | 来敏 (敬达) | |
| Given the rank of Minister by Zhuge Liang. Tested Fei Yi over a game of Weiqi. | ||
Notes: Called Liu Min in poisonpie’s novel listing. |
||
| Lei Bo | 雷薄 | |
| Lei Po | 雷薄 | |
| Serves Yuan Shu, then later leaves to join the Mt. Songshan Bandits with Chen Lan. | ||
Notes: Also known as Lei Pu and possibly the same as Lei Xu. |
||
| Lei Tong | 雷銅 | |
| Lei T‘ung | 雷铜 | |
| Officer of Liu Zhang and, later, Liu Bei. Killed by Zhang He at Ba Xi. | ||
| Leng Bao | 冷苞 | |
| Lêng Pao | 冷苞 | |
| Fought Wei Yan and Huang Zhong, he was captured twice. He was executed the second time. | ||
Notes: Sometimes erroneously referred to as Ling Bao. |
||
| Li Dian (Mancheng) | 李典 (曼成) | |
| Li Tien (Man-ch‘êng) | 李典 (曼成) | |
| Served Wei. Fought along with Cao Chun during the Yellow Turban Rebellion. | ||
| Li Feng | 李豐 | |
| Li Fêng | 李丰 | |
| Served Cao Fang. Killed by Sima Shi for plotting against him with Xiahou Xuan and Zhang Qi. | ||
| Li Feng | 李豐 | |
| Li Fêng | 李丰 | |
| Served Yuan Shu guarding Shouchun, but died after his defeat there by Cao Cao. | ||
Notes: Referenced incorrectly as ‘Li Deng’ in Brewitt-Taylor’s translation and other sources. |
||
| Li Feng | 李封 | |
| Li Fêng | 李封 | |
| Served Lü Bu. Killed by Xu Chu after neglecting his post in Yanzhou. | ||
Notes: Referenced incorrectly as ‘Li Fang’ in Brewitt-Taylor’s translation and other sources. |
||
| Li Fu (Sunde) | 李輔 | |
| Li Fu (Sun-tê) | 李辅 | |
| Chief Secretary. Sent by Liu Shan to check on the dying Zhuge Liang. | ||
| Li Fu (Zixian) | 李孚 (子憲) | |
| Li Fu (Tzŭ-hsien) | 李孚 (子宪) | |
| Secretary to Yuan Shang, then served under Cao Pi. | ||
| Li Hui (De’ang) | 李恢 (德昂) | |
| Li Hui (Tê’-ang) | 李恢 (德昂) | |
| Begged Liu Zhang not to let Liu Bei in, persuaded Ma Chao to surrender to Liu Bei. | ||
| Li Ji | 李基 | |
| Li Chi | 李基 | |
| Son of Li Tong who inherited his rank. | ||
| Li Jue (Zhiran) | 李傕 (稚然) | |
| Li Chüeh (Chih-jan) | 李傕 (稚然) | |
| Served Dong Zhuo. Later took control of the imperial court with Guo Si. | ||
| Li Kan | 李堪 | |
| Li K‘an | 李堪 | |
| One of Han Sui’s Eight Knights. Accidentally killed by Yu Jin’s arrow. | ||
| Li Qiu | 李球 | |
| Li Ch‘iu | 李球 | |
| Officer of Shu. Died defending Mianzhu during Deng Ai’s attack on the city. | ||
| Li Ren (Dexian) | 李仁 (德賢) | |
| Li Jên (Têhsien) | 李仁 (德贤) | |
| A colleague of Yin Mo. Studied under Song Zhong and Sima Hui in Nanyang. | ||
| Li Ru | 李儒 | |
| Li Ju | 李儒 | |
| Served Dong Zhuo as an advisor. Died with his lord’s ambitions. | ||
| Li Sheng (Gongzhao) | 李勝 (公昭) | |
| Li Shêng (Kung-chao) | 李胜 (公昭) | |
| Member of Cao Shuang’s faction, he was sent to check on Sima Yi’s health. | ||
| Li Su (Weigong) | 李肅 (偉恭) | |
| Li Su (Wei-kung) | 李肃 (伟恭) | |
| Using Red Hare and other gifts he persuaded Lü Bu to kill Ding Yuan and join Dong Zhuo. | ||
| Li Tong (Wenda) | 李通 (文達) | |
| Li T‘ung (Wên-ta) | 李通 (文达) | |
| An officer of Wei. Saved Cao Cao’s rearguard in the retreat from Zhang Xiu. | ||
| Li Xian | 李暹 | |
| Li Hsien | 李暹 | |
| Nephew of Li Jue. Helped Li Jue smuggle out the Emperor. Killed by Xu Chu. | ||
| Li Xin | 李歆 | |
| Li Hsin | 李歆 | |
| Officer of Shu. Achieved merit in Jiang Wei’s first northern campaign. | ||
| Li Xu | 李绪 | |
| Li Hsü | 李绪 | |
| Son of Li Tong who was stationed at Fancheng, where he achieved some merit. | ||
| Li Yan (Zhengfang) | 李嚴 (正方) | |
| Li Yen (Chêng-fang) | 李严 (正方) | |
| A talented officer who originally served Liu Zhang, but later joined Liu Bei. | ||
Notes: Li Yan changed his name to Li Ping after rising in Shu authority. |
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| Li Yi | 李異 | |
| Li I | 李异 | |
| General of Sun Huan. Slain by Guan Xing in the novel. | ||
| Li Yiqi | 李意 | |
| Li I | 李意 | |
| Fortune Teller who warned Liu Bei what would happen should he attack Wu. | ||
Notes: Known as Li Yi in the novel. |
||
| Li Yi | 李遺 | |
| Li I | 李遗 | |
| Li Hui’s son. | ||
Notes: There are two ways to display 遺 in Pinyin: Yi and Wei. We use Yi2. |
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| Li Ying | 李膺 | |
| Li Ying | 李膺 | |
| Governor of Henan. Visited and impressed by a young Kong Rong. | ||
| Li Zhuan (Qinzhong) | 李譔 (欽仲) | |
| Li Chuan (Ch‘in-chung) | 李譔 (钦仲) | |
| Fond of practical jokes, admired by Liu Xuan but not given important tasks. Skilled scholar | ||
| Liang Gang | 樑剛 | |
| Liang Kang | 梁刚 | |
| Served Yuan Shu guarding Shouchun, but died after his defeat there by Cao Cao. | ||
| Liang Long | 粱龍 | |
| Liang Lung | 粱龙 | |
| Led a rebellion in Jiaozhi. Was defeated and killed by Zhu Jun. | ||
Notes: Long may not have been his given name. It might have been his nickname: “Dragon Liang” |
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| Liang Mao (Bofang) | 涼茂 (伯方) | |
| Liang Mao (Po-fang) | 凉茂 (伯方) | |
| Advised Gongsun Du against attacking Ye while Cao Cao was on campaign elsewhere. | ||
| Liang Shao | 粱邵 | |
| Liang Shao | 粱邵 | |
| Had arguments with Yuan Shao and held hostage by Li Jue. Held eunuch rank yet was a man. | ||
Notes: Dr. Rafe de Crespigny notes his personal name as either 邵 or 紹 |
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| Liang Xi (Ziyu) | 梁習 (子虞) | |
| Liang Hsi (Tzŭ-yü) | 梁习 (子虞) | |
| Inspector of Bing province, he pacified the Shanyu. | ||
| Liang Xing | 梁興 | |
| Liang Hsing | 梁兴 | |
| One of Han Sui’s Eight Knights. Killed by Ma Chao in an attempt to protect Sui. | ||
| Liang Xu | 梁緒 | |
| Liang Hsü | 梁绪 | |
| Originally of Wei, he submitted to Zhuge Liang and was made Governor of Tianshui. | ||
| Liao Hua (Yuanjian) | 廖化 (元儉) | |
| Liao Hua (Yüan-chien) | 廖化 (元俭) | |
| Officer in service of Shu. Served through the full span of the Shu Kingdom. | ||
Notes: Also known as Liao Chun (廖淳). |
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| Liao Li (Gongyuan) | 廖立 (公淵) | |
| Liao Li (Kung-yüan) | 廖立 (公渊) | |
| Arrogant officer who neglected his duties, was demoted by Zhuge Liang. | ||
| Ling Cao | 凌操 | |
| Ling Ts‘ao | 凌操 | |
| Served Wu. Was killed in one of Gan Ning’s arrow attacks fighting Huang Zu. | ||
| Ling Tong (Gongji) | 凌統 (公績) | |
| Ling T‘ung (Kung-chi) | 凌统 (公绩) | |
| Served Wu. Resented Gan Ning for killing his father, Ling Cao, but later forgave him. | ||
| Liu Ba (Zichu) | 劉巴 (子初) | |
| Liu Pa (Tzŭ-ch‘u) | 刘巴 (子初) | |
| Rescued Shu’s economy after Liu Bei’s troops had plundered the treasury. | ||
| Liu Bei (Xuande) | 劉備 (玄德) | |
| Liu Pei (Hsüan-tê) | 刘备 (玄德) | |
| First Emperor of Shu and sworn brother of Guan Yu and Zhang Fei. | ||
Notes: Liu Bei is commonly referenced by the name, Xian Zhu (先主), ‘First Ruler’ or ‘First Soverign’. Chen Shou, in the Sanguozhi, refers to Liu Bei by this title to indicate the illegitimacy of his dynasty in the eyes of Jin. Sun Quan and his clan are placed on an even lower pedestal. |
||
| Liu Biao (Jingsheng) | 劉表 (景升) | |
| Liu Piao (Ching-shêng) | 刘表 (景升) | |
| Inspector of Jing province under the Han. Opposed the Sun family militarily. | ||
| Liu Chen | 劉諶 | |
| Liu Ch‘ên | 刘谌 | |
| Liu Shan’s fifth son. Rather than surrender to Wei, he committed suicide. | ||
Notes: Also known as Liu Chan in some versions of the novel. |
||
| Liu Cheng | 劉丞 | |
| Liu Ch‘êng | 刘丞 | |
| Guarded the gates of the palace. Executed by Sun Chen for taking part in Sun Liang’s plot. | ||
| Liu Cong | 劉琮 | |
| Liu Ts‘ung | 刘琮 | |
| Inherited Liu Biao’s kingdom upon his death, then surrendered it to Cao Cao. | ||
Notes: His name is frequently written ‘Liu Zong’, but this is incorrect. |
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| Liu Dai (Gongshan) | 劉岱 (公山) | |
| Liu Tai (Kung-shan) | 刘岱 (公山) | |
| Governor of Yan. Attacked the Qingzhou Yellow Scarves, but was killed. | ||
| Liu Du | 劉度 | |
| Liu Tu | 刘度 | |
| Governor of Lingling. He surrendered to Liu Bei after his son was defeated. | ||
| Liu Fan | 劉範 | |
| Liu Fan | 刘范 | |
| Han Left Imperial Corps Commander. Helped Ma Teng. Killed by Li Jue and Guo Si. | ||
| Liu Feng | 劉封 | |
| Liu Fêng | 刘封 | |
| Liu Bei’s adopted son. Executed after the death of Guan Yu at Zhuge Liang’s suggestion. | ||
| Liu Fu (Yuanying) | 劉馥 (元穎) | |
| Liu Fu (Yüan-ying) | 刘馥 (元颖) | |
| His farming and defence improvements in Yangzhou allowed Wei to keep control of the area. | ||
| Liu Gui | 劉貴 | |
| Liu Kuei | 刘贵 | |
| Sent to hold Luocheng, he advised visiting a local sage. Cut down by Zhang Yi. | ||
Notes: Sometimes appears in games as Liu Kui. |
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| Liu He | 劉郃 | |
| Liu Ho | 刘郃 | |
| Shu officer. Died in the year following Kongming’s occupation of Hanzhong. | ||
| Liu Hong | 劉弘 | |
| Liu Hung | 刘弘 | |
| Liu Bei’s father. Son of Liu Xiong, said to be descended from Emperor Jing of Han. | ||
Notes: His given name was originally Shan (山) and later Yi (義). |
||
| Liu Jun | 劉俊 | |
| Liu Chün | 刘俊 | |
| Attacked Mian Zhu while Liu Bei welcomed Ma Chao. Killed by Zhao Yun. | ||
| Liu Li (Fengxiao) | 劉理 (奉孝) | |
| Liu Li (Fêng-hsiao) | 刘理 (奉孝) | |
| Third son of Liu Bei. Married to Ma Chao’s daughter. | ||
| Liu Lue | 留略 | |
| Liu Luo | 留略 | |
| General under Zhuge Ke, defended against Wei. | ||
| Liu Ning | 劉寧 | |
| Liu Ning | 刘宁 | |
| Participated in Liu Bei’s attack on Wu, but was defeated and surrendered. | ||
| Liu Pi | 劉辟 | |
| Liu P‘i | 刘辟 | |
| After rebelling with the Yellow Scarves, moved to Runan. Later joined Liu Bei. | ||
| Liu Ping | 留平 | |
| Liu P‘ing | 留平 | |
| Officer of Wu. Was executed by Sun Hao for objecting to his cruelty. | ||
| Liu Qi | 劉琦 | |
| Liu Ch‘i | 刘琦 | |
| Eldest son of Liu Biao and legitimate heir of Jing. Became close friends with Liu Bei. | ||
| Liu Shan (Gongsi) | 劉禪 (公嗣) | |
| Liu Shan (Kung-ssŭ) | 刘禅 (公嗣) | |
| Liu Bei’s son and the second Emperor of Shu. Destroyed Shu through ineptitude. | ||
Notes: Also known by his infant name, A-Dou (阿斗). See Liu Shan’s Comprehensive Officer Biography for more information on his name. |
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| Liu Shao (Kongcai) | 劉劭 (孔才) | |
| Liu Shao (K‘ung-ts‘ai) | 刘劭 (孔才) | |
| Sent by Cao Rui to save Jiangxia from Wu. | ||
| Liu Sheng | 劉勝 | |
| Liu Shêng | 刘胜 | |
| Liu Bei’s ancestor. Prince of Jing of Zhongshan. Son of Emperor Jing of Han. | ||
| Liu Shi (Zizhen) | 劉寔 (子真) | |
| Liu Shih (Tzŭ-chên) | 刘寔 (子真) | |
| Predicted Shu would fall but also that neither Deng Ai nor Zhong Hui would return. | ||
| Liu Xian | 劉賢 | |
| Liu Hsien | 刘贤 | |
| Liu Du’s son. Defended Lingling with Xingdao Rong against Liu Bei, but failed. | ||
Notes: His name is incorrectly translated as ‘Liu Xiang’ in some Brewitt-Taylor editions. |
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| Liu Xian (Shizong) | 劉先 | |
| Liu Hsien (Shih-tsung) | 刘先 | |
| Served under Liu Cong with Deng Yi. Surrendered to Cao Cao after Cong’s death. | ||
Notes: His name is incorrectly translated as ‘Liu Xin’ in some Brewitt-Taylor editions. |
||
| Liu Xiong | 劉雄 | |
| Liu Hsiung | 刘雄 | |
| Liu Bei’s grandfather. Said to be descended from Emperor Jing of Han. | ||
| Liu Xuan (Wenheng) | 劉璿 (文衡) | |
| Liu Hsüan (Wên-hêng) | 刘璿 (文衡) | |
| Son of Liu Shan, and his crown prince. Died during Zhong Hui’s rebellion. | ||
Notes: Called Liu Rui in Moss Roberts and Brewitt Taylor translations of the novel. |
||
| Liu Xun | 劉循 | |
| Liu Hsün | 刘循 | |
| Raised a force against Yuan Tan at Tayin. | ||
| Liu Xun (Zitai) | 劉勳 (子臺) | |
| Liu Hsün (Tzŭ-t‘-ai) | 刘勋 (子台) | |
| Prefect of Lu Jiang under Yuan Shu. He was tricked into abandoning his city by Sun Ce and fled to Cao Cao. | ||
| Liu Yan | 劉延 | |
| Liu Yen | 刘延 | |
| Grand Administrator of Dong commandery. Yuan Shao sent Yan Liang to attack him. | ||
Notes: Appears in Brewitt-Taylor translations as Liu Yue. |
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| Liu Yan (Junlang) | 劉焉 (君郎) | |
| Liu Yen (Chün-lang) | 刘焉 (君郎) | |
| Liu Zhang’s father. Magistrate in the Yi territory after fighting Yellow Scarves. | ||
| Liu Yan (Weishi) | 劉琰 (威碩) | |
| Liu Yen (Wei-shih) | 刘琰 (威硕) | |
| Former Administrator of Yi Province. Executed after accusing Liu Shan of seducing his wife. | ||
Notes: Liu Yan’s style, Weishi, is also translated as Weishuo. Either may turn up in references. |
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| Liu Yao (Zhengli) | 劉繇 (正禮) | |
| Liu Yao (Chêng-li) | 刘繇 (正礼) | |
| Imperial Inspector of Yangzhou. Liu Dai’s brother. Defeated by Sun Ce, then died of illness. | ||
Notes: Referenced incorrectly as ‘Liu Yong’ in many Koei games, along with a few other video games. Historical sources, and nearly all novel translations, use ‘Liu Yao’ instead. |
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| Liu Ye (Ziyang) | 劉曄 (子揚) | |
| Liu Yeh (Tzŭ-yang) | 刘晔 (子扬) | |
| With other officials, went to Emperor Xian to petition his abdication to Cao Pi. | ||
| Liu Yi (Gongsi) | 劉廙 (恭嗣) | |
| Liu I (Kung-ssŭ) | 刘廙 (恭嗣) | |
| Among the officials that petitioned Emperor Xian to abdicate to Cao Pi. | ||
| Liu Yu (Boan) | 劉虞 (伯安) | |
| Liu Yü (Po-an) | 刘虞 (伯安) | |
| Governor of You Province during the Later Han. Quelled Zhang Ju’s rebellion. | ||
| Liu Yuanqi | 劉元起 | |
| Liu Yüanch‘i | 刘元起 | |
| Liu Bei’s uncle. Recognized Liu Bei’s ambition, and worked to maintain the family. | ||
| Liu Zan (Zhengming) | 留贊 (正明) | |
| Liu Tsan (Chêng-ming) | 留赞 (正明) | |
| Father of Liu Lue. Marched to meet Wei’s invasion on Zhuge Luo’s orders. | ||
| Liu Zhang (Jiyu) | 劉璋 (季玉) | |
| Liu Chang (Chi-yü) | 刘璋 (季玉) | |
| Son of Liu Yan. Governed Ba-shu before Liu Bei took his kingdom out from under his feet. | ||
| Liu Zhu (Kongcai) | 劉助 (孔才) | |
| Liu Chu (K‘ung-ts‘ai) | 刘助 (孔才) | |
| Sent by Cao Cao to reinforce Zhao Yan, who was having trouble with mutineers. | ||
| Liu Zijing | 劉子敬 | |
| Liu Tzŭching | 刘子敬 | |
| Liu Yuanqi’s brother | ||
| Lou Xuan (Chengxian) | 樓玄 (承先) | |
| Lou Hsüan (Ch‘êng-hsien) | 楼玄 (承先) | |
| Executed for rebuking Sun Hao about his tyranny. | ||
| Lü Boshe | 呂伯奢 | |
| Lü Poshê | 吕伯奢 | |
| Friend of Cao Song. Killed by the fleeing Cao Cao. | ||
| Lü Bu (Fengxian) | 呂布 (奉先) | |
| Lü Pu (Fêng-hsien) | 吕布 (奉先) | |
| Said to be the finest warrior of the Three Kingdoms era. Executed by Cao Cao. | ||
| Lü Chang | 呂常 | |
| Lü Ch‘ang | 吕常 | |
| Father of Lü Yi (Jiyang). He served Liu Yan and followed him into Yi Province. | ||
| Lü Dai (Dinggong) | 呂岱 (定公) | |
| Lü Tai (Ting-kung) | 吕岱 (定公) | |
| General of Wu. Executed the last vestiges of the Shi clan in Jiao province. | ||
| Lü Fan (Ziheng) | 呂範 (子衡) | |
| Lü Fan (Tzŭ-hêng) | 吕范 (子衡) | |
| Was an aid to Yuan Shu, but left for Sun Ce. Suggested Lady Sun’s marriage. | ||
| Lu Gui (Zibo) | 婁圭 (子伯) | |
| Lu Kuei (Tzŭ-po) | 娄圭 (子伯) | |
| Dismissed fears that Liu Cong’s surrender was a trap. | ||
Notes: ‘Lou’ and ‘Lu’ are both accepted ways of writing 婁. |
||
| Lu Ji (Gongji) | 陸績 (公紀) | |
| Lu Chi (Kung-chi) | 陆绩 (公纪) | |
| During his youth, he was said to have stolen an orange from Yuan Shu to give to his mother. | ||
| Lu Jing (Shiren) | 陸景 (士仁) | |
| Lu Ching (Shih-jên) | 陆景 (士仁) | |
| The second son of Lu Xun and Wu Grand Admiral. Died in battle with Jin forces. | ||
| Lü Ju (Shiyi) | 呂據 (世議) | |
| Lü Chü (Shih-i) | 吕据 (世议) | |
| Second son of Lü Fan and an officer of Wu. Killed by Sun Chen. | ||
| Lu Kai (Jingfeng) | 陸凱 (敬風) | |
| Lu K‘ai (Ching-fêng) | 陆凯 (敬风) | |
| Together with Wan Yu, shared the responsibility of Prime Minister under Sun Hao. | ||
Notes: Listed incorrectly as ‘Lu Kuai’ in some Brewitt-Taylor translations. |
||
| Lü Kai (Jiping) | 呂凱 (季平) | |
| Lü K‘ai (Chi-p‘ing) | 吕凯 (季平) | |
| Served Shu with Wang Kang. Was Kongming’s guide while battling against the Man. | ||
| Lu Kang (Youjie) | 陸抗 (幼節) | |
| Lu K‘ang (Yu-chieh) | 陆抗 (幼节) | |
| Lu Xun’s second son. Known to be as capable a commander as his father. | ||
| Lü Kuang | 呂曠 | |
| Lü K‘uang | 吕旷 | |
| Served Yuan Shang. Defected to Yuan Tan then Cao Cao. Attacking Liu Bei, killed by Zhao Yun. | ||
| Lu Kui | 魯馗 | |
| Lu K‘uei | 鲁馗 | |
| Served Han as Court Steward. Killed by Li Jue and Guo Si’s troops. | ||
| Lü Meng (Ziming) | 呂蒙 (子明) | |
| Lü Mêng (Tzŭ-ming) | 吕蒙 (子明) | |
| Served Wu. Originally a skilled warrior, turned out to be a scholar as well. | ||
Notes: The Lü surname is pronounced Lü2 because of the preceeding Meng, which is 3rd tone, the same rule applies when pronouncing the style name because Zi3 is also third tone. |
||
| Lü Qian (Zike) | 呂虔 (子恪) | |
| Lü Ch‘ien (Tzŭ-k‘o) | 吕虔 (子恪) | |
| Served Cao Cao, and later Cao Pi, as Military Aide. | ||
| Lu Shu | 魯淑 | |
| Lu Shu | 鲁淑 | |
| The son of Lu Su. Praised as a capable military commander. | ||
| Lu Su (Zijing) | 魯肅 (子敬) | |
| Lu Su (Tzŭ-ching) | 鲁肃 (子敬) | |
| Brilliant and insightful Wu commander. Was ambassador to Shu. | ||
Notes: When saying Lu Su’s surname and style name together the surname should be pronounced Lu2 instead of Lu3 because of the tone preceeding it. |
||
| Lü Weihuang | 呂威璜 | |
| Lü Weihuang | 吕威璜 | |
| Officer of Yuan Shao. Guarded Wuchao as a lieutenant of Chunyu Qiong. | ||
| Lü Xiang | 呂翔 | |
| Lü Hsiang | 吕翔 | |
| Younger brother of Lü Kuang, whom he followed everywhere. | ||
Notes: For some reason in To Esablish Peace his name is Gao Xiang |
||
| Lu Xun | 盧遜 | |
| Lu Hsün | 卢逊 | |
| Officer of later-Shu. Defeated Zhong Hui at Nanzheng, but was later killed by Xun Kai. | ||
| Lu Xun (Boyan) | 陸遜 (伯言) | |
| Lu Hsün (Po-yen) | 陆逊 (伯言) | |
| Famous and brilliant Wu commander that defeated Liu Bei at Yi Ling. | ||
Notes: Originally named Lu Yi (陸議). |
||
| Lü Yi (Jiyang) | 呂乂 (季阳) | |
| Lü I (Chi-yang) | 吕乂 (季阳) | |
| Served Shu as Grand Administrator of Hanzhong during Zhuge Liang’s time. | ||
Notes: Some Brewitt-Taylor translations incorrectly list Lü Yi as ‘Lu Yin’. Some books, historical or simplified, including some Chinese Moss Roberts translations, list Lü Yi’s name as 呂義 or its simplified variant 呂义. They are presented as the same person because the two names are both used in reference to the same person, a Lü Yi who was Grand Administrator of Hanzhong during Zhuge Liang’s time, and because there is no reference to another Lü Yi in Shu. |
||
| Lu Yu (Zijia) | 盧毓 (子家) | |
| Lu Yü (Tzŭ-chia) | 卢毓 (子家) | |
| Lost his family in civil war, he rose up through the ranks to become an Excellency. | ||
| Lu Zhi (Zigan) | 盧植 (子幹) | |
| Lu Chih (Tzŭ-kan) | 卢植 (子干) | |
| Imperial Corps Commander in service of Han. Was Liu Bei’s teacher and friend. | ||
| Lun Zhi | 倫直 | |
| Lun Chih | 伦直 | |
| He was beheaded for criticizing Gongsun Yuan’s plan to revolt. | ||
| Luo Ben (Guanzhong) | 羅本 (貫中) | |
| Lo Pên (Kuan-chung) | 罗本 (贯中) | |
| Better known as Luo Guanzhong. Credited for having authored the Sanguo yanyi. | ||
Notes: In discussion and reference his style name is nearly always used, hence ‘Luo Guanzhong’. |
||
| Luo Tong (Gongxu) | 駱統 (公緒) | |
| Lo T‘ung (Kung-hsü) | 骆统 (公绪) | |
| Vassal of Sun Quan, famed for being a poor yet honourable man, loyal to his step mother. | ||
| Luo Xian (Lingze) | 羅憲 (令則) | |
| Lo Hsien (Ling-tsê) | 罗宪 (令则) | |
| Luo Meng’s son. Served in Shu under Liu Shan. Did not support Huang Hao. | ||
| Ma Ai | 馬艾 | |
| Ma Ai | 马艾 | |
| Held office as Administrator of Dunhuang. | ||
| Ma Bing | 馬秉 | |
| Ma Ping | 马秉 | |
| Son of Ma Liang. | ||
| Ma Chao (Mengqi) | 馬超 (孟起) | |
| Ma Ch‘ao (Mêng-ch‘i) | 马超 (孟起) | |
| Served Shu after fleeing from the north. Third of the Five Tiger Generals. | ||
| Ma Dai | 馬岱 | |
| Ma Tai | 马岱 | |
| Ma Chao’s cousin. He surrendered to Liu Bei with Ma Chao. | ||
| Ma Jun (Deheng) | 馬鈞 (德衡) | |
| Ma Chün (Tê-hêng) | 马钧 (德衡) | |
| Master of Works for Cao Rui. Advised the Emperor to drink Celestial Elixir. | ||
| Ma Liang (Jichang) | 馬良 (季常) | |
| Ma Liang (Chi-ch‘ang) | 马良 (季常) | |
| Administered Jing after Liu Bei took Shu. Nicknamed ‘White Eyebrows’. | ||
| Ma Long (Xiaoxing) | 馬隆 (孝興) | |
| Ma Lung (Hsiao-hsing) | 马隆 (孝兴) | |
| Fought the Xianbei and defeated the rebel Tufa Shujineng. | ||
| Ma Miao | 馬邈 | |
| Ma Miao | 马邈 | |
| Surrendered Jiang You castle prompting his wife to commit suicide. | ||
| Ma Midi (Wengshu) | 馬日磾 (翁叔) | |
| Ma Miti (Wêng-shu) | 马日磾 (翁叔) | |
| Sent as envoy to stop the war between Yuan Shao and Gongsun Zan. | ||
| Ma Su (Youchang) | 馬謖 (幼常) | |
| Ma Su (Yu-ch‘ang) | 马谡 (幼常) | |
| Ma Liang’s younger brother. Executed by Zhuge Liang after his failure at Jie Ting. | ||
| Ma Teng (Shoucheng) | 馬騰 (壽成) | |
| Ma T‘êng (Shou-ch‘êng) | 马腾 (寿成) | |
| Governed Xi Liang. Descendant of the famous warrior Ma Yuan. Ma Chao’s father. | ||
| Ma Tie | 馬鐵 | |
| Ma T‘ieh | 马铁 | |
| Killed in a volley of arrows as Cao Cao attacks the Ma’s outside Xu Chang. | ||
| Ma Wan | 馬玩 | |
| Ma Wan | 马玩 | |
| Served under Han Sui. Tried to protect Han Sui from Ma Chao, but failed. | ||
| Ma Xiu | 馬休 | |
| Ma Hsiu | 马休 | |
| Second son of Ma Teng. Executed by Cao Cao on his way to Xuchang. | ||
| Ma Xiu | 馬脩 | |
| Ma Hsiu | 马脩 | |
| Son of Ma Zhong (Dexin). His family continued service in Jin after Shu’s surrender. | ||
| Ma Yan | 馬延 | |
| Ma Yen | 马延 | |
| Served Yuan Shang, and later Cao Cao. Killed by Gan Ning. | ||
| Ma Yu | 馬宇 | |
| Ma Yü | 马宇 | |
| Han Privy Counsellor. Helped Ma Teng and Han Sui. Killed by Li Jue and Guo Si. | ||
| Ma Yu | 馬玉 | |
| Ma Yü | 马玉 | |
| Shu officer. Died in the year following Kongming’s occupation of Hanzhong. | ||
| Ma Yuanyi | 馬元義 | |
| Ma Yüani | 马元义 | |
| Follower of Zhang Jue and the Yellow Scarves. Torn asunder by chariots for treason. | ||
| Ma Yunlu | 馬雲騄 | |
| Ma Yünlu | 马云騄 | |
| Fictional character created by Koei. Daughter of Ma Teng. Married to Zhao Yun. | ||
Notes: Sometimes appears incorrectly as Ma Yunli. |
||
| Ma Zhong | 馬忠 | |
| Ma Chung | 马忠 | |
| Captured Guan Yu and Guan Ping. Executed to satiate Liu Bei in the novel. | ||
| Ma Zhong (Dexin) | 馬忠 (德信) | |
| Ma Chung (Tê-hsin) | 马忠 (德信) | |
| Served Shu notably during the northern and southern campaigns. | ||
Notes: Also known as Hu Du (狐篤). |
||
| Ma Zun | 馬遵 | |
| Ma Tsun | 马遵 | |
| Was defeated by Shu and fled to Hu, drives Jiang Wei into Shu by his paranoia. | ||
| Man Chong (Boning) | 滿寵 (伯寧) | |
| Man Ch‘ung (Po-ning) | 满宠 (伯宁) | |
| Served Cao Cao as Military Aide. Helped to repel Shu’s fifth northern campaign. | ||
| Mangyachang | 忙牙長 | |
| Mangyach‘ang | 忙牙长 | |
| Second in command to the Nanman’s armies. Killed by Ma Dai. | ||
| Mao Jie (Xiaoxian) | 毛玠 (孝先) | |
| Mao Chieh (Hsiao-hsien) | 毛玠 (孝先) | |
| Served as Military Aide to Cao Cao. Later Staff Supervisor, then Naval Commander. | ||
| Mao Jiong | 毛炅 | |
| Mao Chiung | 毛炅 | |
| Made General, plotted to raid Tao Huang but was discovered and executed. | ||
| Mao Lun (Shengshan) | 毛綸 (聲山) | |
| Mao Lun (Shêng-shan) | 毛纶 (声山) | |
| Father of Mao Zonggang. One of two authors behind the Mao edition of Sanguo yanyi. | ||
| Mao Zonggang (Xushi) | 毛宗崗 (序始) | |
| Mao Tsungkang (Hsü-shih) | 毛宗岗 (序始) | |
| Son of Mao Lun. One of two authors behind the Mao edition of Sanguo yanyi. | ||
| Meng Da (Ziqing) | 孟達 (子慶) | |
| Mêng Ta (Tzŭ-ch‘ing) | 孟达 (子庆) | |
| Refused aid to Guan Yu. Defeated by Sima Yi. In novel, kills Xu Huang. | ||
| Meng Guang (Xiaoyu) | 孟光 (孝裕) | |
| Mêng Kuang (Hsiao-yü) | 孟光 (孝裕) | |
| Raised concerns over Liu Xuan’s education, an arrogant but bright scholar. | ||
| Meng Jian (Gongwei) | 孟建 (公威) | |
| Mêng Chien (Kungwei) | 孟建 (公威) | |
| Friend of Xu Shu and Zhuge Liang. Joined Wei. Became Inspector of Liang Province. | ||
| Meng You | 孟優 | |
| Mêng Yu | 孟优 | |
| Meng Huo’s brother. Captured by Zhuge Liang. | ||
| Meng Zong (Gongwu) | 孟宗 (恭武) | |
| Mêng Tsung (Kung-wu) | 孟宗 (恭武) | |
| Officer of Sun Chen. | ||
Notes: Originally named Meng Ren (孟仁). |
||
| Mi Fang (Zifang) | 麋芳 (子方) | |
| Mi Fang (Tzŭ-fang) | 麋芳 (子方) | |
| Mi Zhu’s brother. Served Shu then Wu. Caused Guan Yu’s demise. | ||
| Mi Heng (Zhengping) | 彌衡 (正平) | |
| Mi Hêng (Chêng-p‘ing) | 弥衡 (正平) | |
| Reputable scholar. Infuriated Cao Cao’s officers with his audacious ways. | ||
Notes: Called Ni Heng in the ZZTJ. |
||
| Mi Zhu (Zizhong) | 麋竺 (子仲) | |
| Mi Chu (Tzŭ-chung) | 麋竺 (子仲) | |
| Served Shu. Mi Fang’s brother. Died shortly after Mi Fang’s betrayal. | ||
| Min Gong | 閔貢 | |
| Min Kung | 闵贡 | |
| Han commander in the Henan district. Killed eunuch Duan Gui. Helped Emperor Shao. | ||
| Mu Shun | 穆順 | |
| Mu Shun | 穆顺 | |
| General of Governor Zhang Yang. Killed by Lü Bu in a duel. | ||
| Mu Shun | 穆順 | |
| Mu Shun | 穆顺 | |
| Plotted to save Emperor Xian with Empress Fu and Fu Wan. Executed by Cao Cao. | ||
| Nan Dou | 南斗 | |
| Nan Tou | 南斗 | |
| God in Koei’s Three Kingdoms. Reference to Star God/Lunar House Nandou (in Sagittarius). | ||
| Ning Sui | 甯隨 | |
| Ning Sui | 宁随 | |
| Officer of later-Shu. Offered Jiang Wei a plan that defeated Deng Ai’s invading armies. | ||
| Niu Fu | 牛輔 | |
| Niu Fu | 牛辅 | |
| Fought against Lü Bu and Li Su, after Dong Zhuo’s death. Killed by Hu Che’er. | ||
Notes: In Koei’s Dynasty Warriors 2-4 his name was presented as ‘Niou Fu’. |
||
| Niu Gai | 牛蓋 | |
| Niu Kai | 牛盖 | |
| Helped defeat Mei Cheng and Chen Lan at Heavenly Pillar in 203. | ||
| Niu Jin | 牛金 | |
| Niu Chin | 牛金 | |
| Subordinate of Cao Ren. Attacked Zhou Yu’s camp at Nanjun, but was defeated and rescued by Cao Ren. | ||
| Nu Wa | 女媧 | |
| Nu Wa | 女娲 | |
| The Chinese goddess. Created the first humans from the yellow earth. | ||
Copyright © 2001–2010 James Peirce
February 26, 2010