Three Kingdoms History: Officer Names

In 213, joined with ally Qianwan and Ma Chao. Defeated and killed by Xiahou Yuan.

Served and executed by Meng Huo. Marshal of the Third Cave. Captured by Zhang Yi.

* Some translations depict his name as Ahui Nan.

An Inspector of Xu who held command against the Yellow Turbans, and reported on the excellent ...

Saved his mother and sister-in-law from bandits and would be invited to office for his ...

A colonel in the northern army who would later be reported embezzling local funds.

Served Zhao Fan. Fell two tigers with a few arrows. Executed by Zhao Yun.

Enfeoffed in memory of the loyalty of his father Bao Xin.

Fictional officer of Jiang Wei. Acted as a decoy but was defeated and killed by Chen Tai.

Lord of Jibei. Bao Zhong’s brother. Died fighting the Yellow Turbans.

Served Wei. Son of Bao Xin. Due to conflicts with Cao Pi, was eventually executed.

God in Koei’s Three Kingdoms. Reference to Star God/Lunar House Beidou (in Big Dipper).

Served Gongsun Yuan. Defeated by Sima Yi. In novel, fell in a duel against Xiahou Ba.

A county magistrate in Nan. Independent in AD 190, later submitted to Liu Biao.

Lead mutiny of troops then Qiang revolt. Huangfu Song and Zhang Wen failed to put him ...

Aide to Cao Cao, his family was captured and he left only to be captured later.

* Also called Bi Cheng in the SGZ.

Officer of Cao Shuang’s faction, executed by Sima Yi after Sima Yi’s coup.

One of the 12 Regular Attendants who was known for his engineering achievements.

Served Wei. Brother of Empress Bian.

Historically, a statesman of Chu. Discovered the jade from which the imperial seal was ...

Governor of Jiujiang. Killed by Xiahou Dun reinforcing Tao Qian against Cao Cao.

Fictional. Met Guan Yu with mock hospitality at Sishui Pass, and died for his trouble.

Father of Empress Bian. Posthumously enfeoffed as marquis.

Forced into leading the Qiang’s in revolt against the Han alongside Han Sui.

Son of Bing Zhi, he served under Sun Ce.

Succeeded Bing Liang in his post. His daughter married Sun Deng.

Friend of Hua Xin. Belly of “The Dragon”, a group of three scholars.

An Administrator under Sun Jian who died in the early 190s

A leader of the Black Mountain Bandits who hailed from the Bobo valley.

* While 白 is translated as ‘Bo’ in this case, and in the name of the valley from which Bo Bo hailed, 白 is most commonly translated as Bai. As such you may read of a Bai Bo who came from Baibo valley.

Defeated Zhu Jun then lost to the combined armies of Zhu Jun, Huangfu Song and Cao Cao.

Shu officer. Died in the year following Kongming’s occupation of Hanzhong.

An officer of Merit who first hid when Liu Biao attacked, but took part in fighting after ...

King of a Tribe as a minor in 130, he survived to give tribute to Gongsun Du in 190.

* Known to Korean history as Paekko.

Part of the Black Mountain Bandits in 185.

Served Wu. Bu Zhi’s son. Surrendered his city to Jin. Killed by Lu Kang.

Widely admired, he became a magistrate of Kuaiji under Sun Quan.

Local leader, captured and killed by Fu Xie.

* Also named Bu Yi

Son of Bu Zhi, became General who Consoles the Army.

Served Sun Quan. Accurately predicted Guan Yu’s invasion of Jing.

A Lord of the Xianbei. Allied with and then killed by Ke Bineng.

Attacked Bu Chan of Xi Ling, traitor to Wu, who turned from the country in 272.

Warned his cousin Cai Yong that fleeing Dong Zhuo would fail due to Yong’s fame.

Cai Mao’s brother. Surrendered to Wu before Chibi, but executed by Zhou Yu.

Officer of Zhuge Ke, he defected to Wei with his entire company at Xincheng.

Killed by Zhou Yu’s plot while serving Cao Cao. Brother of Liu Biao’s wife.

Cai Yong’s daughter. Captured by the Xiongnu, but bought back by Cao Cao.

* Better known as the poetess Cai Wenji. An alternate style, Zhaoji (昭姬), is used in Lie Nu Hou Zhuan, while Wenji (文姬) is most commonly used (including in the Hou Han shu).

Sent to take Ru Nan from Liu Bei and Liu Pi but failed and was killed.

Filed complaints against the uncultured Lü Meng. Later recommended by Meng for a job.

Advised Emperor Ling’s court. Hated the eunuchs. Died honoring Dong Zhuo.

* In some Wade-Giles translations of the novel Cai Yong is incorrectly listed as Ch’ai Yung.

Cai Mao’s cousin. Surrendered to Wu before Chibi, but was killed by Gan Ning.

Governor of Dunhuang, his handling of foreign affairs gave him a great reputation.

Served Wei. Cao Cao’s first son. Died to save his father.

Served Wei. Cao Cao’s nephew. Died in the battle against Zhang Xiu.

* Called ‘Cao Amin’ for some reason in the online version of the novel.

Beaten and later slain by Zhang Fei, he was a reason Lü Bu attacked Xuzhou.

Cao Zhi wrote a poem about him. Cao Biao would later be found guilty of treason.

Such a good painter, his pictures seemed to come alive.

Founder of Wei. Built the foundation of what would become the Jin Dynasty.

* In Sanguozhi Chen Shou references him with the honorary title, Wu Di (武帝), or ‘Martial Emperor’. Cao Cao appears in other sources under this name. Cao Cao’s infant name was A-Man (阿瞞).

Cao Cao’s third son. Possessed and adult’s intelligence at age 5, but died ...

Cao Ren’s younger brother. Defeated by Zhou Yu in the southern cities.

Brother of Cao Cao. Killed by Zhang Kai with his father Cao Song.

Cao Rui’s crown prince. Became Emperor at age eight. Deposed by Sima Shi.

Son of Cao Hong. Inherited his father’s fief and title.

Son of Cao Cao, contemplated revolt against Cao Rui.

Noted for his scholarship and quiet conduct. Wrote essays when young.

* Called Cao Kun in the ZZTJ.

Friend of Tao Qian, he killed many innocent people and disturbed the province.

Served Wei. One of Cao Cao’s cousins and a vital element of his army.

Son of Cao Xu. Last Emperor of the Wei Dynasty. Abdicated to Sima Yan.

* Originally named Cao Huang (曹璜). An Emperor’s given name was ineffable. As such, it was stricken from use (sometimes changing city names and re-writing literature). Cao Huang changed his name to Huan to lessen the impact of this practice (learn more).

Maintained Cao Yu’s line. When Cao Cao died, he went hunting until reigned in.

Died early and was later made a Prince.

The Chief of the Ten Regular Attendants under Emperors Huan and Ling of Han.

First son of Cao Rui. Prince of Qinghe. Died the year he was born.

Transferred to the line of his uncle, had a child.

Wei Duke, had son.

Arrogant, vicious and sinful, he had to wait a long time to be King, had large family.

Grandson of Cao Pi. Was made Emperor after Cao Fang’s abdication by Sima Shi.

Second son of Cao Rui. Prince of Fanyang. Died young.

Cao Cao’s second son and successor. Deposed Emperor Xian. First Wei Emperor.

Helped defeat the Turbans, a generous offical who was much admired.

Cao Cao’s cousin. Served as Minister of War for Cao Cao.

Served under Cao Zhang and then later against Wu. Became a Minister.

Emperor Ming of Wei. Managed to demote Sima Yi. Wasted country resources.

Cao Rui’s daughter and fourth child. Died in infancy. SGZ: Empress Zhen, Yang Fu.

Regent of Cao Fang. Underestimated Sima Yi, was stripped of power, and executed.

Served Wei. The Prince of Xiang Shang. Died at a young age.

Adopted son of Cao Teng and father of Cao Cao. Also called Xiahou Song.

* Occasionally listed as, and once named, Xiahou Song (夏侯嵩). Pronunciation of Jugao as a style name cannot be added until we have Han Zi for this.

Son of Cao Ren. Succeeded his father’s fief and later became a general of Wei.

Adopted Cao Song (formerly Xiahou), father of Cao Cao, into the Cao family. Eunuch.

Younger brother of Cao Shuang. Executed by Sima Yi after he outsmarted Shuang.

Slain by Xiahou Dun in battle, who lost an eye to the archery of this man.

Fourth son of Cao Cao from second concubine Lady Bian.

A younger cousin of Cao Cao. Was defeated by Zhou Fang.

Cao Zhen’s third son. Younger brother of Cao Shuang. Executed by Sima Yi.

Third son of Cao Rui. Posthumously Prince Ai of Anping. Died the year after he was born.

Prefect of Wuling. Forged a decree to Sun Jian calling for Wang Rui’s execution.

General of Cao Ren. Killed by Pang De, who also took his horse.

Son of Cao Cao. Refused to be Regent to Cao Fang due to his modest nature.

Cao Cao’s second son. Fond of martial arts. Died not long after Cao Cao.

Served Wei. Adopted into Cao family. Managed affairs after Cao Pi’s death.

* Cao Zhen’s original family name was Qin. He was adopted into the Cao clan.

Adopted into the Cao Shao line but died without issue.

Cao Cao’s third son and originally favored as heir. Famous Poet.

Relative of Cao Zhen. Appointed as vanguard against Zhuge Liang. Killed by Wei Yan.

Tried to taunt Yuan Shang into a duel but got Lü Kuang instead and was soon killed.

Eunuch and favourite of Sun Hao, he was killed and eaten by palace officials.

Escort for the captured Wooden Horses but was killed by Wang Ping.

One of the Eight Paragons of Jiangxia. From Nanyang.

Well known bell maker, argued with Du Kui over a pair of them. Cao Cao made him a horse ...

Led an attack on Ruxu but was ambushed and killed by Zhu Huan.

Advised Cao Pi to not lead the army against Su Bo and Tian Yin but to leave it to a vassal.

Helped Dong Cheng block Cao Hong from reaching Emperor Xian.

One of the Taishan Mountain Bandits. Persuaded to join Cao Cao by Zhang Liao.

Served Cao Cao. Provisional Protector/Imperial Inspector of Xuzhou.

General; sent to get Sun Ce’s family and bring them to Wu.

Tried to ravage and kill Lady Lu Rong.

Celebrated throughout the west, honest and maintained strict conduct.

* Also known as Chen Shi (陳實).

Chen Wu’s son. Advised Sun Deng with Zhuge Ke, Zhang Xiu, and Gu Tan.

Hill bandit defeated in 200 by Cao Cao, thanks to Liu Ye’s advice.

Rose in revolt against Liu Yan with Ren Qi.

Son of Chen Qiu, became an administrator under Cao Cao.

Loyal Minister that, due to slander by the eunuchs, was arrested and died in jail.

Served Liu Bei since he held Yizhou. Held office just under Zhao Yun.

Spied on Lü Bu with his father, Gui, for Cao Cao. Joined Liu Bei, then surrendered ...

Advisor to Sun Ce, along with fellow countrymen Zhang Hong and Qin Song.

Served Emperor Ling of Han as Imperial Guardian. Died opposing the eunuchs.

Captured by Xie Jing and Li Yi, he surrendered to Wu.

Friend of Li Tong, helped him kill Zhou Zhi. Killed by his in-law Chen He.

Talented advisor who served, and died with, Lü Bu. Helped Cao Cao in the novel.

Father of Chen Deng. Served Cao Cao and Liu Bei spying on Lü Bu, then under Cao.

Killed Chen Gong, the husband of his sister but was defeated by Li Tong.

Van leader with Xue Li under Liu Yao. Shot by Jiang Qin when ambushed by Sun Ce.

Served Shu. Chen Zhen’s son.

Served Yuan Shu guarding Shouchun, but died after his defeat there by Cao Cao.

A highly respected minister, opposed Dong Zhuo’s plan to move the capital.

Known as a righteous, happy yet calm person. Highly respected governor.

Chief Controller, led Huang Zu’s navy but was killed by Lü Meng.

General of Sima Zhao. Participated in Sima Zhao’s campaign against Zhuge Dan.

Serves Yuan Shu, then later leaves to join the Mt. Songshan Bandits with Lei Bo.

* Chen Jian in To Esablish Peace

Served under Emperor Ling, then under Yuan Shao. A superior writer.

Officer of Chen Yu, he was killed by Lü Fan.

A key Wei officer in the suppression of Zhuge Dan. Brigadier General of Jin.

* Appears in some sources under the name Chen Xuan (陳鶱).

Abused his power, insulted Ling Tong and Ling Cao at banquet, later killed.

Served Cao Rui. Captain under Sima Yi in his campaign against Gongsun Yuan.

Served Wei. Imperial Censor under Cao Cao. Supreme Commander under Cao Pi.

* Sometimes his style is referenced incorrectly as ‘Zhangwen’.

Embarrassed Yuan Shao by rebuking him over Zang Hong’s revolt and was executed.

Served Wu and compiled Precepts.

Rode out aid the exhausted Zhang Hu but was shot in the face by Sun Jian.

* Also known as Chen Zuo.

Rumored father of Chen Shou. Traded for Xiahou Shang at Hanzhong. Executed.

Served Shu and later Jin. Author of the highly-respected Three Kingdoms history, Sanguozhi.

Began pillaging the people of Jiangxia. Zhang Fei killed him in one blow.

Defended Wei against Jiang Wei. Wept at Cao Mao’s death, and died soon after.

Served Han as High Minister. Advisor to Li Ying. Mocked in jest by young Kong Rong.

Served Sun Ce as Commandant. Surrounded at He Fei and fought to his death.

One of the Eight Paragons of Jiangxia. From Runan.

An officer of Yan Baihu. Defeated by Lü Fan.

Officer of Zhao Fan. Fought with Zhao Yun, but was later executed by the General.

* In Destiny of an Emperor 2 his name is incorrectly mistranslated as Chen Shu.

Tried to destroy Sun Ce by getting lords in the south to ally against him.

Officer of Yang Hu, advised against drinking wine sent by Lu Kang.

Vanguard of Cao Zhen’s army and is slain by Ma Dai.

Local official, was sent as emissary to Wu, swearing oath of alliance with Sun Quan.

Advisor to Sun Quan. Sent as diplomat, with Zhang Fei’s head, to Liu Bei at Yi Ling.

Served Han Sui as a strategist. Suggested hiding among the Qiang. Submitted to Cao Cao.

Son of Cheng Yu, who served Wei.

One of the Ten Regular Attendants. Killed by Yuan Shao and Cao Cao.

General noted for his courage under Lü Bu. In novel, killed by Yue Jin.

Son of Cheng Yu, who served Wei.

Served three generations of the Sun family. From Tuyin in Youbeiping.

* Incorrectly referred to as ‘Chen Pu’ once in some Brewitt-Taylor translations.

Served Wei. Son of Cheng Yu. Advised Xiahou Mao against Zhao Yun.

One of Han Sui’s Eight Knights. Attacked Chang’an with Ma Chao. Killed by ...

One of Han Sui’s Eight Knights. Died fighting Cao Cao at Wei Nan.

Served Wei as an advisor. From Dong’e in Dongjun.

* Cheng (程) Li (立) was his original name, he dreamed about the mount Tai Shan when he was young, holding the sun (日) with both hands. Hence Cao Cao changed his name to Yu (昱) [Cheng Yu]. As you can see the word of Yu is composed with the word ‘sun’ (日) and the word ‘stand’ Li (立), together they form the word of Yu (昱).

Served Yellow Scarves as a chieftain. Killed by Guan Yu.

Served Han as Minister of Ritual. Killed by Li Jue and Guo Si’s troops.

Served Han as Changshui Commandant. Friend of Dong Cheng. Executed by Cao Cao.

Han Court Counsellor. Helped Ma Teng and Han Sui. Killed by Li Jue and Guo Si.

Tribal chief, swore fealty to Cao Cao rather then help the Yuan sons.

* The characters of 烏桓 (wuhuan) are the same as those used for the Wuhuan tribe, thus ‘Chu of Wuhuan’ in many respected sources.

Served Yuan Shao. Mutilated by Cao Cao after failing Yuan Shao at Guan Du.

* James, I’ve no record that jien is pronounced “de” anywhere, and according to Lady Wu, it’s definately Jien3, hence I recorded Jien3.

Complained to Sun Quan that Lu Xun was unnecessarily disrupting the people. Later was ...

Commandant of the Capital Gates. Cui Yi’s brother. Killed by Li Jue and Guo Si’s ...

* Referenced incorrectly as ‘Sui Yi’ in Brewitt-Taylor’s translation and other sources.

Cui Yan’s younger cousin, discussed the scholars of Ji province with Chen Qun.

Scholar who served Yuan Shao then Cao Cao, who executed him for his opposition.

Served Han under Emperor Ling. Cui Lie’s brother.

* Referenced incorrectly as ‘Sui Lie’ in Brewitt-Taylor’s translation and other sources.

Served Guo Si. Killed by Xu Huang after taunting Yang Feng.

One of Zhuge Liang’s close childhood friends. Friend of Xu Shu as well. From Boling.

Elder of Wu’s Qiao Sisters. Sister to Xiao Qiao. Married to Sun Ce.

* Da (大), in this context, translates to ‘Big’, thus ‘Elder’. Rather than refer to her as the ‘Older Qiao’, the name Da Qiao has become a popular alternative. Da Qiao and Xiao Qiao were names first used by Koei in Dynasty Warriors 3 when the characters were introduced. [Note that Da4 and Xiao3 can still be used in context in modern times when used in families, also that it’s usually the surname used after the “Da/Xiao” part] for example someone called Qiao Zhi Lian, and their sister Qiao Zhi Li, may be called in families Da/ Xiao Qiao!]

Served as assistant general to Zhang He during battle against Zhuge Liang.

Younger brother of Zhurong. Participated in the battle against Zhuge Liang.

* Sometimes appears as Chief or King Dai Lai (esp. in Brewitt-Taylor).

Served as advisor to Deng Ai. Spread false rumours about Jiang Wei.

Served Wei. Campaigned against Shu with Zhong Hui and brilliantly struck Chengdu.

Served Liu Shan. Surrended to Deng Ai on behalf of Liu Shan.

Served Yellow Scarves under Cheng Yuanzhi. Killed by Zhang Fei.

Shu officer. Died in the year following Kongming’s occupation of Hanzhong.

Meng Da’s nephew. Under orders from Sima Yi, he betrayed Meng Da.

Served under Liu Cong with Liu Xian. Surrendered to Cao Cao after Cong’s death.

Served Zhuge Liang. Was responsible for restoration of alliance with Wu.

Served Wei. Deng Ai’s talented son. Died attempting to aid his father.

* Referenced incorrectly as ‘Deng Zong’ in some online historical sources.

Served Wei. Dian Wei’s son, became a member of Cao Cao’s bodyguard.

Served Wei. One of Cao Cao’s trusted guards. Dian Man’s father.

* We originally listed Dian Wei’s style as Ziman (子曼). As we are no longer able to locate the source, and a few possible causes for error have turned up, we no longer have reason to believe he had the name.

Wang Yun’s adopted daughter. Helped to kill Dong Zhuo. Fictional.

* Also known as Sable Cicada. [Are there Han Zi for this? I can pronounce it if need be -Tongy]

Magistrate of Weinan. Set free animals at Tong Gate to confuse Ma Chao’s army.

Famous Wu officer. Assassinated Sun Chen with Zhang Bu.

Served Sun Xiu under Ding Feng with Sun Yi. Dispatched to aid Zhuge Zhan.

* Translated incorrectly as ‘Ding Fung’ in the Brewitt-Taylor edition.

Served Han as Imperial Secretary. Opposed Dong Zhuo’s change of Emperors.

Shu officer. Died in the year following Kongming’s occupation of Hanzhong.

Supporter of Cao Shuang. Executed by Sima Yi.

Brother of Ding Yi (丁儀). Supporter of Cao Zhi. Executed with his brother ...

* Not to be confused with Ding Yì (丁儀). Sometimes incorrectly translated (perhaps in the name of disambiguation) as Ding Yin.

Brother of Ding Yi (丁廙). Supporter of Cao Zhi. Executed with his brother ...

* Not to be confused with Ding Yí (丁廙).

Served Han as Imperial Inspector of Jingzhou. Lü Bu’s adoptive father.

Objected to Pang De as leader for battle against Guan Yu.

Served Han as General of Cavalry and Chariots. Plots to assassinate Cao Cao.

Served Han as General of the Flying Cavalry. Lady Dong’s brother.

* Is also known as Dong Zhong in the ZZTJ.

Governor of Yizhou city. Suggested asking Zhang Lu for aid against Liu Bei.

Privy Counsellor under Dong Zhuo. Dong Zhuo’s nephew. Killed by Huangfu Song.

Served Shu. As an ambassador to Wu, advised Fei Yi on how to reply to Sun Quan.

Brought troops to defend Saber Pass from Deng Ai and Zhong Hui.

Served Dong Zhuo as Lord of Hu. Dong Zhuo’s brother. Killed by Huangfu Song.

Historically killed two generals, drowned with his ship, refusing pleas to leave it.

Served Shu as a High Minister during Liu Shan’s reign.

Served Han then Wei. Advised Cao Cao to move the capital to Xuchang.

Siezed control of Luo Yang and the Han government before being killed by Lü Bu.

Fought against Zhao Yun and Wei Yan. Captured by Zhang Ni.

* In DW3 he was written as Dong Tu Ne

Served Emperor Ling of Han as Regent-Marshal. Died opposing the eunuchs.

Judged the best administrator in the empire, kept the people of He Dong loyal to Wei.

Gentleman of the Court Music. Reprimanded Liu Biao for creating an orchestra for his court

Served Shu as a High Minister during Liu Shan’s reign. A teacher of Qiao Zhou.

Faked illness, even faked being deaf, to avoid serving Liu Bei.

Served Jin to unification. The Field Marshal that led the invasion of Wu.

One of the Ten Regular Attendants. Killed by Min Gong searching for Emperor Ling.

Supplied Emperor Xian’s court despite being attacked. Destroyed Li Jue.

General under Gao Ding. Captured by Shu forces.

Emperor Huan of the Han. Destroyed the Liang family, but empowered the eunuchs.

* In Chinese the name of the emperor comes before the use of the word emperor hence Huan (the name) Di (emperor).

Emperor Ling of Han (AD 156–189). Ruled through the Yellow Turban Rebellion.

* In Chinese the name of the emperor comes before the use of the word emperor hence Ling (the name) Di (emperor).

Emperor Shao of Han (AD 189). Deposed and poisoned by Dong Zhuo.

Son of Emperor Ling. Reigned AD 189–220. Forced to abdicate by Cao Pi.

* In Chinese the name of the emperor comes before the use of the word emperor hence Xian (the name) Di (emperor). In this case, Emperor Xian also has a style name attached to his normal name, therefore if you were addressing him as emperor you would say Xian Di, if you knew his name and were close you may use Liu Xie, or if you wanted his style name you’d call him Liu Bohe.

Wife of Cao Cao and mother of Cao Pi. Made empress dowager when Cao Pi became emperor.

Second daughter of Cao Cao. Emperor Xian’s empress after death of Empress Fu.

* Also known as Empress Cao, Empress Xianmu (獻穆皇后) and Duchess Shanyang.

Wife of Emperor Xian. From Langya. Daughter of Fu Wan. Executed by Cao Cao.

* Commonly referenced simply as ‘Empress Fu’.

Concubine and later Empress of Liu Bei. She was a native of Pei.

One of Cao Pi’s wives, said to have spread doubts about Cao Rui’s birth.

Emperor Shao’s mother. He Jin’s half-sister. Died of grief or through suicide.

Consort and later Empress of Liu Bei. From Chenliu. Wu Yi’s sister.

* Empress Mu (穆皇后) is her traditional name. Informally, you will find her referenced as Empress Wu (吳皇后).

Daughter of Zhang Qi. Empress to Cao Fang. Ordered executed by Sima Shi.

Zhang Fei’s daughter. Empress Zhang married to Liu Shan. Zhang Xingcai in Koei games.

* ‘Empress Zhang’ or ‘Lady Zhang’ in the novel and other historic sources, she has been given a fictional personality by Koei under the name ‘Zhang Xingcai’ or simply ‘Xing Cai’. Both names refer to the same person, but the story given her in Koei games is fictional. I’ve recorded this as the English translation presents itself (so, Huanghou Zhang (empress Zhang) and Xing1cai3 as her given name)

Formerly Yuan Xi’s wife. Later married to Cao Pi. Became Empress.

* Empress Zhen is frequently called Zhen Ji, as she is named by Koei. Referenced elsewhere as Zhen Luo (甄洛) or Empress Wenzhao (文昭皇后). I’ve recorded this as Huang2hou4 Zhen1 (Empress Zhen), with Ji1 as her given name. To say her name as Koei suggests, use Zhen (surname) and Ji1 (given name) together.

Served Shu. Son of Fa Zheng.

Grandfather of Fa Zheng. Held high civil rank. Read the five classics at a young age.

Served Liu Zhang then Liu Bei. Was integral to the foundation of Shu.

Appointed a prefect of Luoyang when Cao Cao moved the capital to Xuchang.

The third part in Li Jue and Guo Si’s government. A brave general, killed by Li Jue.

Secretary under Kongming then Jiang Wei. Went with Liu Shan when Shu fell.

One of the Eight Paragons of Jiangxia. From Bohai.

Served Liu Yao. Died after Sun Ce shouted at him in battle.

One of the Eight Paragons of Jiangxia. From Runan.

A famous officer from Henei, he served Wang Kuang. Killed by Lü Bu.

Served Shu. Son of Fei Yi, and his heir. Older brother to Fei Gong.

Served Shu. Son of Fei Yi. Younger brother of Fei Cheng.

Served Liu Zhang, but surrendered to Liu Bei. Made a secretary in Cheng Du.

Officer of Wei. Reached rank of Grand Commander, but died in battle.

Shu official. Took over affairs of state after Jiang Wan’s death.

Served the Shanyue. Later submitted to Wei, and rebelled against Sun Quan.

Jin officer under Sima Yan. Opposed Yang Hu’s proposal to attack Wu.

Father of Yuan Shu’s wife, a Han offical willing to slander those that excluded him.

Vassal of Yuan Shao. Supported Yuan Shang as Shao’s successor.

* Also seen him called Peng Ji in c. H. Brewitt-Taylor translation of the novel and Pang Ji in the ZZTJ.

Served Yuan Shang. Punished for intoxication. Betrayed to Wei. Killed by Shen Pei.

Officer of Shu. Died fighting at the battle of Yiling.

One of the Ten Regular Attendants. An agent of Zhang Jue of the Yellow Scarves.

Chair of the Secretariat, he opposed Sima Shi’s invasion of Wu.

Fu Tong’s son serving Shu. Captured Li Peng and Wang Zhen. Died in battle.

Persuaded by Lü Meng to betray Guan Yu. Killed by Guan Xing after trying to return ...

* Just known as Shi Ren in ZZTJ and GOS.

Central military advisor for the Shu forces. Died during the battle of Yiling.

* Called Fu Rong by SGZ.

The first of three noble emperors, the San Huang, in Chinese mythology.

Advised Liu Cong to surrender.

* Sometimes appears as ‘Fu Xuan’ in Brewitt-Taylor translations.

Son of Gan Ning. Exiled from Wu some time after his father’s death for causing trouble.

A Taoist priest. In the novel, sent to execution by Sun Ce and said to have cursed him ...

* Gan Ji frequently referenced as ‘Yu Ji’, especially in games. Historically, ‘Gan Ji’ (干吉) is correct, and it is thought Luo Guanzhong may have confused the character for his family name and thus entered him as ‘Yu Ji’ (于吉). Notice the similarity between Gan ‘干’ and Yu ‘于’. I have recorded here in Chinese “Gan4 Ji2”, and “Yu2 Ji2” for reference second.

Known to be brave and strong. Served Huang Zu, then Wu. Died of illness.

Shu vassal that revolted with the southern Man region.

Nephew of Yuan Shao. Defeated Li Dian and Yue Jin at Huguan Pass.

Originally a talented officer of Yuan Shao. Defected with Zhang He to Wei.

Officer of Liu Zhang. Executed after an attempt to assassinate Liu Bei.

Minister of the Interior. Given provisional command of the army to seize Cao Shuang’s ...

Yellow Scarf officer. Fought with Liu Bei at Qu Yang, but was slain by Zhang Fei.

Defeated Xiahou Dun. Caught and executed by Cao Cao at Xia Pi.

Officer of Shu. Participated in many of Zhuge Liang’s northern campaigns.

One of the founders of modern Daoism. Survived drowning apparently thanks to his advanced ...

Launched a coup against Cao Cao. Wounded Wang Bi. Executed after his failure.

Joined Liu Bei. Former Yellow Scarve. Killed by Xiahou Yuan battling at Ru Nan.

Imperial Protector of Qingzhou. Attacked by the Yellow Scarves. Supported by Liu Bei.

Advised Jin Xuan to surrender. When Jin Xuan returned defeated, Gong Zhi shot him.

Governor of Liaodong. Often called ’Gongsun Du the Warlike.’

Cousin of Gongsun Zan. Given the seal to the Prefecture of Bo Hai by Yuan Shao.

Studied under Zheng Xuan with his friend Cui Yan. He died young.

Advised Kang to kill Yuan Xi and Shang. Impotent and weak, he was deposed by Gongsun Yuan.

Sent as hostage to Wei, warned of the likelihood of war. Executed when war did happen.

Son of Gongsun Du, Governor of Liaodong. Took over his father’s position.

Sent to get help from Zhang Yan and succeeded, later killed by the Xiongnu.

Originally subject to Wei. Declared himself King of Yan, but was executed by Sima Yi.

Assassinated by Yuan Shao after a diplomatic mission. Served as envoy to Yuan Shu.

Magistrate of Bei Ping. Fought Yuan Shao. Committed suicide with his family.

Drunkard officer under Li Yan. Beaten for arriving late with supplies, and fled to Wei.

Gu Yong’s son. Advised Sun Deng with Zhuge Ke, Zhang Xiu, and Chen Biao.

Studied under Cai Yong. Convinced to join Wu by Zhang Hong. Became Prime Minister.

Father of Guan Ping, housed Guan Yu while Sun Qian went to Yuan Shao.

Commanded the religious bandit group which, after he died, passed to Guo Shi and Zhou ...

Yellow Scarve. Dueled Guan Yu, and was cut down after only a few bouts.

Adviser to Gongsun Zan. Died fighting Yuan Shao’s army at Bei Ping.

A soothsayer able to foresee the coming deaths of others.

Former friend of Hua Xin. Tail of “The Dragon”, a group of scholars. Became ...

Brother of Guan Ping. Was a student when Guan Yu came to the farm.

* Appears as ‘Guan Neng’ in some Brewitt-Taylor translations.

Served Shu. Guan Yu’s son (adopted in novel). Executed with Guan Yu by Sun Quan.

Son of Guan Yu. Younger brother to Guan Ping and Guan Xing. Fictional.

Son of Guan Xing. Succeeded his father’s position as Marquis of Han Shou.

Asked by Yuan Tan to provide aid on advice of Wang Xiu. Pardoned by Cao Cao in AD 205.

Son of Guan Yu. Served in Zhuge Liang’s northern campaigns.

Son of Guan Xing. Died fighting Wei troops during Zhong Hui’s rebellion.

Sworn brother of Liu Bei and Zhang Fei. First of the Five Tiger Generals.

* Originally styled Changsheng (長生). He is frequently referenced by the honorary title, Guan Gong (關公), or ‘Lord Guan’. Guan Yu appears as Guan Gong or Lord Guan in most novel translations, many historic texts, and modern conversation outside the Three Kingdoms community, and on most merchandise. In religion he is called Saintly Emperor Guan (關聖帝君) or in Buddhism, Sangharama Bodhisattva (伽藍菩薩) (more).

Son of Guanqiu Jian, he advised his father to rebel.

Officer of Wei. Revolted against Sima Shi when he deposed Cao Fang.

* Sometimes mistranslated in Koei games as Wuqiu Jian.

Younger brother of Guanqiu Jian.

Served Wei and fought extensively against Shu. Brother of Guo Pei. Father of Guo Tong.

Served Cao Cao as a trusted adviser during the formative years of Wei.

Originally an officer of Wu, Guo Ma revolted in Nanhai. Eventually defeated by Tao Huang.

One of the Ten Regular Attendants. Killed by Yuan Shao and Cao Cao.

* In the notes section of To Esablish Peace they have two names for him from different sources: 1. from HHJ25 says Guo Mai and 2. from Jiuzhou chunqiu says Lang Sheng

With Zhou Chao, Ravaged Lingling, Guiyang, and Changsha until destroyed by Sun Jian.

Served Dong Zhuo. Later took control of the imperial court with Li Jue.

* Guo Si is sometimes called Guo Duo, a name that is listed as an alternate personal name in a few different sources.

Vassal of Yuan Shao. Supported Yuan Tan as Shao’s successor.

Son of Guo Jia, became Imperial Tutor. Well educated.

Described by Zhuge Liang as loyal and honest, advised Liu Shan on palace matters.

Yuan Shang general. Zhong Yao’s sister’s son. Slain by Pang De at Pingyang.

Veteran general in service to the Sun family. Served three generations.

Served Wei. Father to Han Ying, Yao, Qiong, and Qi. Died at Changshan facing Zhao Yun.

Surrendered to Yuan Shao but was abused. Fled to Zhang Miao and later committed suicide.

Governor of Luo Yang, killed by Guan Yu while guarding the passes.

* Translated in Brewitt-Taylor editions of the novel, and in Koei games, as Han Qu.

Rescued Xiahou Dun from being held hostage. Supported the farm reforms.

Sent by Cao Rui to tell Cao Zhen not to give battle against Zhuge Liang.

A tactician of Liu Biao, he served as one of Biao’s ministers.

Worked with Ma Chao, before defecting to Cao Cao. Lost his hand to Ma Chao.

White Wave Rebel. Helped Emperor Xian. Served Yuan Shu, Lü Bu. Killed by Bei’s ...

Magistrate of Chang Sha. Wei Yan killed him when surrendering to Liu Bei.

Sent by Yuan Shu to Lü Bu as a messenger for marriage, and later executed.

Yellow Scarf officer. Fought with Zhu Jun and Liu Bei at Wan, but was killed.

Served under Lü Bu. Helped fight Cao Cao at Puyang in AD 164.

A talented officer of Wei. Successfully defended against Zhuge Liang at Chencang.

Son of He Kui, became Minister over the Masses.

Grand Administrator in the Han courts, but was assassinated by the eunuchs.

Served Wu. Son of He Qi. Strict but kind. Died young.

Masters of Writing. Claimed Yuan Shu lacked support if he declared himself Emperor.

Nicknamed ‘The Shooting Devil’ in novel. Yellow Scarves commander. Executed ...

Empress He’s older half-brother. Later assassinated by Dong Zhuo.

* Was born Zhu Miao.

Served Wu, first under Sun Ce. Became governor of Xuzhou. Father of He Da.

Rescued Mao Jie from jail but unable to restore his rank.

* Also known as He Qia

Grandson of He Qi. Son of He Jing. Unrecorded in history aside from his name.

He Kui’s great-grandfather.

The grandson of He Jin, he served Wei. Was a trusted friend of Cao Shuang.

Yellow Scarves commander. Captured Runan after the Yellow Scarves rebellion.

Recognised Cao Cao and Xun Yu as men who could deal with the troubles.

* Historic name is ‘He Yong", name used in some Brewitt-Taylor editions.

Father of Empress He, became General of Chariots and Cavalry.

Grandson of He Qi. Son of He Da. Sun Hao’s Minister of the Interior.

Queen Himiko was the female ruler of pre-Japan’s Yamatai region. Contacted Wei in ...

* Sometime also called Pimiku or Pimiko. Precise pronunciation of her name is unknown as the kanji of her name were written prior to mid-20th century kanji reforms. Himiko may be a Chinese corruption of himemiko (princess priestess or lady shaman), which translates to ‘Sun Child’.

Cavalry commander under Lü Bu. Defected to Cao Cao.

One of the Ten Regular Attendants. Tried to make off with Emperor Bian.

One of Han Sui’s Eight Knights. Surrendered to Cao Cao along with Han Sui

Son of Hu Hua. Helped Guan Yu during his 1,000 li journey from Cao Cao.

Advisor to Niu Fu. He betrayed him and sided with Lü Bu, who executed him.

* Hu Che’er is frequently confused with Hu Juer of Zhang Xiu, but they are, indeed, separate people. Hu Che’er’s name is sometimes typed with or without an apostrophe (Che’er or Cheer), and at times with a hypen instead (Che-er). To complicate matters further, sometimes his name is mistranslated as ‘Chi’er’, with all the according grammatical variations. The Chinese character 赤is actually pronounced Chi4, so the correct spelling of this name should be Hu Chi’er.

Persuaded Sun Hao not to commit suicide but to surrender to Jin instead.

* Also appears sometimes as Hu Zhong.

Killed Zhuge Dan of Wu. Advised Du Yu to wait before attacking Jian Ye.

Father of Hu Ban. Retired officer of the court under Emperor Huan. Met Guan Yu.

Based in Hanshou, went to Cheng Du to get help to repel Wei’s invasion.

Served Zhang Xiu. Stole Dian Wei’s weapons as part of Jia Xu’s plan to defeat ...

* Ju1 is the former pronunciation of 車, which is now pronounced Che1. We hold true to the standard set by Moss Roberts and others, using the old pronunciation for an old historical figure. Besides, it helps to alleviate confusion between him and Hu Che’er of Niu Fu.

Took part in invasion of Shu, got former a vassal to warn his son about Zhong Hui’s ...

Privy counselor to Emperor Xian. Tried to calm an angry Huangfu Li to protect him.

Son of Hu Lie, his army killed Zhong Hui and defeated Jiang Wei’s revolt.

He led 5,000 men against Sun Jian but was killed by Cheng Pu after a few bouts.

Governor of Dongwan, took part in Cao Xiu’s invasion of Wu.

Led the van against Gongsun Yuan then led the van in an invasion of Wu’s Dongxing.

Told Sun Hao not to attack but to gain the love of the people. Left court bemoaning Wu’s ...

* Incorrectly translated in the Brewitt-Taylor edition as Hua Jiao

A famous doctor from the Three Kingdoms period. Killed trying to avoid treating Cao Cao.

Head of “The Dragon”, a group of three scholars. Promoted Emperor Xian’s ...

Brave general in service to Dong Zhuo. Died in battle with Sun Jian.

* Usually Hua is pronounced Hua2, but in the case of a Surname, is pronounced Hua4, hence Hua4 in the audio file.

Known as “Bag of Wisdom”, his advice was not heeded by Cao Shuang. Jailed ...

Served Wu, Wei. Negotiated the return of Sun Jian’s body. Involved with Xian’s ...

* Translated incorrectly as Huan Ji in some sources, including several Brewitt-Taylor editions.

Father of Zhuge Liang’s wife. A prominent scholar of the Later Han Dynasty.

* Incorrectly referenced as Huang Chenyan (承 [Cheng2] as ‘Chen’) in many sites, biographies, and in some Brewitt-Taylor translations.

Son of Huang Quan, who served Liu Zhang then Shu. Killed by his soldiers.

Veteran general in Wu. Came up with the “Bitter Meat Plan” for Chibi.

Eunuch in service to Liu Shan. His advice helped to destroy Shu.

Served Liu Zhang and later Liu Bei. Surrendered to Wei out of necessity.

Yellow Scarves commander. Served with He Yi and He Man. Executed by Cao Cao.

* In the novel, Sanguo yanyi, the Chinese characters used for Huang Shao’s name are huang2 shao4 黃劭. In Sanguozhi, the Chinese characters are huang2 shao4 黃邵. We have chosen to use the historic rendering.

Defeated at Shaxian, then lost at Xiakou, friend of Mi Heng. Fate unsure.

Served Shu. Huang Zhong’s son, died young without children.

Son of Huang Quan, who served Liu Zhang then Shu. Died without issue.

Zhuge Liang’s wife. Huang Chengyan’s daughter. Was very smart, but not beautiful.

Joined Liu Bei after Han Xuan’s defeat. One of the Five Tiger Generals.

Served under Liu Biao. Later killed by Gan Ning at Xia Kou.

Officer of Wei and, later, Jin. Joined Zhong Hui in his conquest of Hanzhong.

Served Emperor Xian. Charged with making peace between Li Jue and Guo Si.

Imperial Commander under Han. Fought heavily against the Yellow Turban Rebellion.

Sent by Dong Zhuo to pursuade Yuan Shao to lay down his arms. Executed by Wang Kuang.

* Hou Han shu records his style as Jiyou. SGZ: Yuan Shao.

Had a few hundred followers, he died young and his brother inherited his troops.

Huo Hu, self-proclaimed master of powders, joins Liu Bei in Capcom’s Destiny of ...

* Huo Hu 火虎 literally translates as Fire Tiger. As such, it was probably intended to be a title rather than a name. Furthermore, Huo 火 is not a proper surname. In Japanese, Huo Hu is pronounced Ka Ku. Discussion. Also, Huo is actually pronounced Huo3 in Chinese, but because Hu3 is after it, it changes Huo3 to Huo2.

Held Jiameng against Liu Zhang’s generals before his counter attack defeated them..

Son of Huo Jun, was concerned about lack of defences at Cheng Du.

Served under Yuan Shu. A fierce warrior who was killed by Zhang Fei.

Son of Ji Ping. Joined Geng Ji’s coup to avenge his father but was killed in the ...

* Ji Miao sometimes appears as Ji Mao. The correct translation of 邈 is Miao.

Son of Ji Ping. Fled the capital but returned secretly. Died in Geng Ji’s coup.

Court physician from Luoyang. Forced to commit suicide by Cao Cao.

* Also referenced by the name Chi T’ai in the Brewitt-Taylor translation. Called Ji Ben in SGZ

Suggested usurpation of the throne to Sima Yan and opposed invasion of Wu.

Officer of Gongsun Yuan. Was executed by Yuan for opposing his declaration of independence.

Officer of Wu. Guarded Sun Quan at the battle of Hefei.

Served as strategist to Cao Xiu, seeing through Zhou Fang’s plot.

Skillful advisor. Served Dong Zhuo, Li Jue, Guo Si, Zhang Xiu, then Cao Cao.

* Jia Xu is pronounced Jia2 Xu3 because of the 3rd tone preceeding the second in his normal given name. His name and style name should be pronounced and said as “Jia3 Wen2 He2”, not “Jia2 Wen2 He2”

One of the Ten Regular Attendants. Killed by fellow eunuch Guo Sheng.

* The character 碩 can also be translated as Shi and in some academic sources this is considered to be the standard translation (e.g. anything by Rafe de Crespigny). We are using Jian Shuo because that is the most commonly used Romanization.

Originally served Tao Qian. Persuaded Liu Zhang to surrender to Liu Bei.

* Jian Yong’s family name may have originally been ‘Geng’ (耿), but in the Youzhou dialect ‘Geng’ it was pronounced ‘Jian’, so he changed it.

Advised Zhuge Dan to force a battle to escape but was rejected. Surrendered to Wei.

Served Shu as a general under Liu Shan. Later surrendered to Zhong Hui.

Friend of Zhou Yu, he was sent to spy on Wu but was tricked, helping to cause Wei’s ...

Bandit who was defeated and killed by Li Tong.

Advised against moving the capital when Guan Yu attacked. Helped Sima Yi deal with Cao ...

Led the volunteer forces that joined Sun Ce in the battle of Qu’e.

Jiang Wei highly prized his talent, was disgruntled and defected in Wei’s invasion.

Served Shu starting with the Yi invasion. Trusted and influential. Died as Regent.

Served Shu as Minister of War, eventually inheriting Zhuge Liang’s responsibilities.

Sent by Liu Shan to order Jiang Wei to surrender.

Cousin of Yang Fu. Helped to drive out Ma Chao, but Ma Chao killed his mother.

Officer of Yuan Shao. Comforted Yuan Shao after his defeat at Guandu.

Served Yuan Xi with Zhang Nan. Betrayed to Cao Cao. Killed by Han Dang at Chi Bi.

Head of a powerful family in Runan. Treated Bu Zhi poorly when he came for aid.

* Jiao Jiao, as Magistrate of Zhengqiang, also became known as Jiao Zhengqiang (as such you may see him referenced by this name). The name Qiao has also been associated with him and we are attempting to source it.

Advisor of Zhuge Dun, slipped over the walls and surrendered to Wei.

Imperial Protector of Yangzhou. Executed after declining office from Yuan Shu.

Served as Governor of Wuling. Defeated by Zhang Fei.

* Called Jin Shun in Liu Bei’s SGZ.

Descendant of Jin Midi. Advised Geng Ji on killing Wang Bi. Died fighting in the coup.

* May also have been Jin Wei, son of Jin Shang.

An officer of Meng Huo, he died fighting the Shu army during their attack.

* Mistranslated in Brewit-Taylor as Jinhua Sanjie.

Maintained Handan. Defeated by Zhang Liao and shot while fleeing.

* Appears in some Koei games, and a few other sources, as Ju Hu.

Suggested attacking Cao Cao to Yuan Shao but was ignored and imprisoned.

Delivered Huang Gai’s false letter of defection to Cao Cao.

Fictional. King of Western Qiang. Ally of Cao Rui.

* Frequently written ‘King Cheli Ji’.

Younger brother of Meng Huo. Said to be the wisest man in all of Nanman.

Unifier of the Xianbei tribe. Fought often with Wei until he was assassinated.

* You may also see him as Kebinang, Ke Binang, Kebe Neng, Kebe Nang, etc.

Ruled Nanman after Shamoke’s death. Captured seven times by Kongming.

* In pronunciation, Meng is his surname, Huo his given name. Da means “big/ large” and Wang means King, for your information, Wang2 is only one word for King, Emperors have different titles, usually Huang2 Di4.

A Nanman chieftan. Initially drove back Zhuge Liang’s armies with his magic.

Originally a tribal leader, he helped Liu Bei at Yi Ling but died fighting Wu.

Ruled the cave dwelling Wuguo Kingdom in south China. Twelve spans tall.

One of the lords that assembled against Dong Zhuo. Descended from Confucius.

Great-great-grandfather of Kong Rong, who served Wei.

One of the defenders of the Passes killed by Guan Yu.

One of the Eight Paragons of Jiangxia. From the fief of Lu.

Father of Kong Rong and Kong Bao. Steele was set up on his death.

Known for his eloquent way of speaking, joined alliance against Dong Zhou,

* Sometimes you can find his name incorrectly translated as Kong You2.

Adviser of Liu Biao. Came up with the plan that resulted in Sun Jian’s death.

Governor of Fangling. Killed by Meng Da’s troops. Supposedly related to Kuai Yue.

Younger brother of Kuai Liang. Became a vassal of Wei when Cao Cao took Jing.

Mother of Bao Chu. She lived more than 100 years.

Yuan Shao’s wife. Mother of Yuan Shang.

Consort of Liu Bei. Mi Zhu’s sister. Took her own life so Zhao Yun could save Liu ...

Wife of Sun Quan, the Lord of Wu. Was a native of Juzhang in Kuaiji.

Sun Quan’s sister. Married to Liu Bei by Sun Quan, but later returned to Wu.

* Sun Shangxiang is Lady Sun’s name in most Koei Games. Sun Ren is incorrect. As is Sun Li, which you may come across. Her actual name is unknown. [This is the only audio file which I have used the style name first instead of the given name first, the reason being that most people know her as Sun Shang Xiang first rather than Sun Fei -Tongy]

Daughter of Sun Ce. Wife of Lu Xun. Her marriage bonded the Lu and Sun families.

* Sun Shi in Koei’s Romance of the Three Kingdoms.

Second only to Madam Bu, Sun Luban slandered her to death.

* Lady Wang of Langya. Not to be confused with Lady Wang of Nanyang.

Wife of Sun Quan, the Lord of Wu. Mother of Sun Xiu. Was a native of Nanyang.

* Lady Wang of Nanyang. Not to be confused with Lady Wang of Langya.

Mother of Sun Quan and Sun Ce. Wife to Sun Jian. Endorsed marriage of lady Sun.

Wife of Sun Quan, the Lord of Wu. Was a native of Fuchun in Wu Commandary.

Wife of King Meng Huo. Said to be descended from the Goddess of Fire.

* Zhu4rong2 is her name, but Fei1 means literally “imperial concubine”

Former wife of Zhang Ji. Caught Cao Cao’s fancy while staying with Zhang Xiu.

* Appears as ‘Lady Zhou’ in Koei games, and in the Brewitt-Taylor translation. Lady Zou’s name is strange in meaning. Zou1 is a surname as expected, but Shi4 is a clan or maiden name.

Given the rank of Minister by Zhuge Liang. Tested Fei Yi over a game of Weiqi.

* Called Liu Min in poisonpie’s novel listing.

Serves Yuan Shu, then later leaves to join the Mt. Songshan Bandits with Chen Lan.

* Also known as Lei Pu and possibly the same as Lei Xu.

Officer of Liu Zhang and, later, Liu Bei. Killed by Zhang He at Ba Xi.

Fought Wei Yan and Huang Zhong, he was captured twice. He was executed the second time.

* Sometimes erroneously referred to as Ling Bao.

Served Wei. Fought along with Cao Chun during the Yellow Turban Rebellion.

Served Cao Fang. Killed by Sima Shi for plotting against him with Xiahou Xuan and Zhang ...

Served Yuan Shu guarding Shouchun, but died after his defeat there by Cao Cao.

* Referenced incorrectly as ‘Li Deng’ in Brewitt-Taylor’s translation and other sources.

Served Lü Bu. Killed by Xu Chu after neglecting his post in Yanzhou.

* Referenced incorrectly as ‘Li Fang’ in Brewitt-Taylor’s translation and other sources.

Chief Secretary. Sent by Liu Shan to check on the dying Zhuge Liang.

Secretary to Yuan Shang, then served under Cao Pi.

Begged Liu Zhang not to let Liu Bei in, persuaded Ma Chao to surrender to Liu Bei.

Son of Li Tong who inherited his rank.

Served Dong Zhuo. Later took control of the imperial court with Guo Si.

One of Han Sui’s Eight Knights. Accidentally killed by Yu Jin’s arrow.

Officer of Shu. Died defending Mianzhu during Deng Ai’s attack on the city.

A colleague of Yin Mo. Studied under Song Zhong and Sima Hui in Nanyang.

Served Dong Zhuo as an advisor. Died with his lord’s ambitions.

Member of Cao Shuang’s faction, he was sent to check on Sima Yi’s health.

Using Red Hare and other gifts he persuaded Lü Bu to kill Ding Yuan and join Dong ...

An officer of Wei. Saved Cao Cao’s rearguard in the retreat from Zhang Xiu.

Nephew of Li Jue. Helped Li Jue smuggle out the Emperor. Killed by Xu Chu.

Officer of Shu. Achieved merit in Jiang Wei’s first northern campaign.

Son of Li Tong who was stationed at Fancheng, where he achieved some merit.

A talented officer who originally served Liu Zhang, but later joined Liu Bei.

* Li Yan changed his name to Li Ping after rising in Shu authority.

General of Sun Huan. Slain by Guan Xing in the novel.

Fortune Teller who warned Liu Bei what would happen should he attack Wu.

* Known as Li Yi in the novel.

Li Hui’s son.

* There are two ways to display 遺 in Pinyin: Yi and Wei. We use Yi2.

Governor of Henan. Visited and impressed by a young Kong Rong.

Fond of practical jokes, admired by Liu Xuan but not given important tasks. Skilled scholar

Served Yuan Shu guarding Shouchun, but died after his defeat there by Cao Cao.

Led a rebellion in Jiaozhi. Was defeated and killed by Zhu Jun.

* Long may not have been his given name. It might have been his nickname: “Dragon Liang”

Advised Gongsun Du against attacking Ye while Cao Cao was on campaign elsewhere.

Had arguments with Yuan Shao and held hostage by Li Jue. Held eunuch rank yet was a man.

* Dr. Rafe de Crespigny notes his personal name as either 邵 or 紹

Inspector of Bing province, he pacified the Shanyu.

One of Han Sui’s Eight Knights. Killed by Ma Chao in an attempt to protect Sui.

Originally of Wei, he submitted to Zhuge Liang and was made Governor of Tianshui.

Officer in service of Shu. Served through the full span of the Shu Kingdom.

* Also known as Liao Chun (廖淳).

Arrogant officer who neglected his duties, was demoted by Zhuge Liang.

Served Wu. Was killed in one of Gan Ning’s arrow attacks fighting Huang Zu.

Served Wu. Resented Gan Ning for killing his father, Ling Cao, but later forgave him.

Rescued Shu’s economy after Liu Bei’s troops had plundered the treasury.

First Emperor of Shu and sworn brother of Guan Yu and Zhang Fei.

* Liu Bei is commonly referenced by the name, Xian Zhu (先主), ‘First Ruler’ or ‘First Soverign’. Chen Shou, in the Sanguozhi, refers to Liu Bei by this title to indicate the illegitimacy of his dynasty in the eyes of Jin. Sun Quan and his clan are placed on an even lower pedestal.

Inspector of Jing province under the Han. Opposed the Sun family militarily.

Liu Shan’s fifth son. Rather than surrender to Wei, he committed suicide.

* Also known as Liu Chan in some versions of the novel.

Guarded the gates of the palace. Executed by Sun Chen for taking part in Sun Liang’s ...

Inherited Liu Biao’s kingdom upon his death, then surrendered it to Cao Cao.

* His name is frequently written ‘Liu Zong’, but this is incorrect.

Governor of Yan. Attacked the Qingzhou Yellow Scarves, but was killed.

Governor of Lingling. He surrendered to Liu Bei after his son was defeated.

Han Left Imperial Corps Commander. Helped Ma Teng. Killed by Li Jue and Guo Si.

Liu Bei’s adopted son. Executed after the death of Guan Yu at Zhuge Liang’s ...

His farming and defence improvements in Yangzhou allowed Wei to keep control of the area.

Sent to hold Luocheng, he advised visiting a local sage. Cut down by Zhang Yi.

* Sometimes appears in games as Liu Kui.

Shu officer. Died in the year following Kongming’s occupation of Hanzhong.

Liu Bei’s father. Son of Liu Xiong, said to be descended from Emperor Jing of Han.

* His given name was originally Shan (山) and later Yi (義).

Attacked Mian Zhu while Liu Bei welcomed Ma Chao. Killed by Zhao Yun.

Third son of Liu Bei. Married to Ma Chao’s daughter.

General under Zhuge Ke, defended against Wei.

Participated in Liu Bei’s attack on Wu, but was defeated and surrendered.

After rebelling with the Yellow Scarves, moved to Runan. Later joined Liu Bei.

Officer of Wu. Was executed by Sun Hao for objecting to his cruelty.

Eldest son of Liu Biao and legitimate heir of Jing. Became close friends with Liu Bei.

Liu Bei’s son and the second Emperor of Shu. Destroyed Shu through ineptitude.

* Also known by his infant name, A-Dou (阿斗). See Liu Shan’s Comprehensive Officer Biography for more information on his name.

Sent by Cao Rui to save Jiangxia from Wu.

Liu Bei’s ancestor. Prince of Jing of Zhongshan. Son of Emperor Jing of Han.

Predicted Shu would fall but also that neither Deng Ai nor Zhong Hui would return.

Liu Du’s son. Defended Lingling with Xingdao Rong against Liu Bei, but failed.

* His name is incorrectly translated as ‘Liu Xiang’ in some Brewitt-Taylor editions.

Served under Liu Cong with Deng Yi. Surrendered to Cao Cao after Cong’s death.

* His name is incorrectly translated as ‘Liu Xin’ in some Brewitt-Taylor editions.

Liu Bei’s grandfather. Said to be descended from Emperor Jing of Han.

Son of Liu Shan, and his crown prince. Died during Zhong Hui’s rebellion.

* Called Liu Rui in Brewitt Taylor translation of the novel.

Raised a force against Yuan Tan at Tayin.

Prefect of Lu Jiang under Yuan Shu. He was tricked into abandoning his city by Sun Ce ...

Grand Administrator of Dong commandery. Yuan Shao sent Yan Liang to attack him.

* Appears in Brewitt-Taylor translations as Liu Yue.

Liu Zhang’s father. Magistrate in the Yi territory after fighting Yellow Scarves.

Former Administrator of Yi Province. Executed after accusing Liu Shan of seducing his ...

* Liu Yan’s style, Weishi, is also translated as Weishuo. Either may turn up in references.

Imperial Inspector of Yangzhou. Liu Dai’s brother. Defeated by Sun Ce, then died ...

* Referenced incorrectly as ‘Liu Yong’ in many Koei games, along with a few other video games. Historical sources, and nearly all novel translations, use ‘Liu Yao’ instead.

With other officials, went to Emperor Xian to petition his abdication to Cao Pi.

Among the officials that petitioned Emperor Xian to abdicate to Cao Pi.

Governor of You Province during the Later Han. Quelled Zhang Ju’s rebellion.

Liu Bei’s uncle. Recognized Liu Bei’s ambition, and worked to maintain the ...

Father of Liu Lue. Marched to meet Wei’s invasion on Zhuge Luo’s orders.

Son of Liu Yan. Governed Ba-shu before Liu Bei took his kingdom out from under his feet.

Sent by Cao Cao to reinforce Zhao Yan, who was having trouble with mutineers.

Liu Yuanqi’s brother

Executed for rebuking Sun Hao about his tyranny.

Friend of Cao Song. Killed by the fleeing Cao Cao.

Said to be the finest warrior of the Three Kingdoms era. Executed by Cao Cao.

Father of Lü Yi (Jiyang). He served Liu Yan and followed him into Yi Province.

General of Wu. Executed the last vestiges of the Shi clan in Jiao province.

Was an aid to Yuan Shu, but left for Sun Ce. Suggested Lady Sun’s marriage.

Dismissed fears that Liu Cong’s surrender was a trap.

* ‘Lou’ and ‘Lu’ are both accepted ways of writing 婁.

During his youth, he was said to have stolen an orange from Yuan Shu to give to his mother.

The second son of Lu Xun and Wu Grand Admiral. Died in battle with Jin forces.

Second son of Lü Fan and an officer of Wu. Killed by Sun Chen.

Together with Wan Yu, shared the responsibility of Prime Minister under Sun Hao.

* Listed incorrectly as ‘Lu Kuai’ in some Brewitt-Taylor translations.

Served Shu with Wang Kang. Was Kongming’s guide while battling against the Man.

Lu Xun’s second son. Known to be as capable a commander as his father.

Served Yuan Shang. Defected to Yuan Tan then Cao Cao. Attacking Liu Bei, killed by Zhao ...

Served Han as Court Steward. Killed by Li Jue and Guo Si’s troops.

Served Wu. Originally a skilled warrior, turned out to be a scholar as well.

* The Lu surname is pronounced Lu2 because of the preceeding Meng, which is 3rd tone, the same rule applies when pronouncing the style name because Zi3 is also third tone.

Served Cao Cao, and later Cao Pi, as Military Aide.

The son of Lu Su. Praised as a capable military commander.

Brilliant and insightful Wu commander. Was ambassador to Shu.

* When saying Lu Su’s surname and style name together the surname should be pronounced Lu2 instead of Lu3 because of the tone preceeding it.

Officer of Yuan Shao. Guarded Wuchao as a lieutenant of Chunyu Qiong.

Younger brother of Lü Kuang, whom he followed everywhere.

* For some reason in To Esablish Peace his name is Gao Xiang

Officer of later-Shu. Defeated Zhong Hui at Nanzheng, but was later killed by Xun Kai.

Famous and brilliant Wu commander that defeated Liu Bei at Yi Ling.

* Originally named Lu Yi (陸議).

Served Shu as Grand Administrator of Hanzhong during Zhuge Liang’s time.

* Some Brewitt-Taylor translations incorrectly list Lü Yi as ‘Lu Yin’. Some books, historical or simplified, including some Chinese Moss Roberts translations, list Lü Yi’s name as 呂義 or its simplified variant 呂义. They are presented as the same person because the two names are both used in reference to the same person, a Lü Yi who was Grand Administrator of Hanzhong during Zhuge Liang’s time, and because there is no reference to another Lü Yi in Shu.

Lost his family in civil war, he rose up through the ranks to become an Excellency.

Imperial Corps Commander in service of Han. Was Liu Bei’s teacher and friend.

He was beheaded for criticizing Gongsun Yuan’s plan to revolt.

Better known as Luo Guanzhong. Credited for having authored the Sanguo yanyi.

* In discussion and reference his style name is nearly always used, hence ‘Luo Guanzhong’.

Vassal of Sun Quan, famed for being a poor yet honourable man, loyal to his step mother.

Luo Meng’s son. Served in Shu under Liu Shan. Did not support Huang Hao.

Son of Ma Liang.

Served Shu after fleeing from the north. Third of the Five Tiger Generals.

Ma Chao’s cousin. He surrendered to Liu Bei with Ma Chao.

Master of Works for Cao Rui. Advised the Emperor to drink Celestial Elixir.

Administered Jing after Liu Bei took Shu. Nicknamed ‘White Eyebrows’.

Fought the Xianbei and defeated the rebel Tufa Shujineng.

Surrendered Jiang You castle prompting his wife to commit suicide.

Sent as envoy to stop the war between Yuan Shao and Gongsun Zan.

Ma Liang’s younger brother. Executed by Zhuge Liang after his failure at Jie Ting.

Governed Xi Liang. Descendant of the famous warrior Ma Yuan. Ma Chao’s father.

Killed in a volley of arrows as Cao Cao attacks the Ma’s outside Xu Chang.

Served under Han Sui. Tried to protect Han Sui from Ma Chao, but failed.

Second son of Ma Teng. Executed by Cao Cao on his way to Xuchang.

Son of Ma Zhong (Dexin). His family continued service in Jin after Shu’s surrender.

Served Yuan Shang, and later Cao Cao. Killed by Gan Ning.

Han Privy Counsellor. Helped Ma Teng and Han Sui. Killed by Li Jue and Guo Si.

Shu officer. Died in the year following Kongming’s occupation of Hanzhong.

Follower of Zhang Jue and the Yellow Scarves. Torn asunder by chariots for treason.

Fictional character created by Koei. Daughter of Ma Teng. Married to Zhao Yun.

* Sometimes appears incorrectly as Ma Yunli.

Captured Guan Yu and Guan Ping. Executed to satiate Liu Bei in the novel.

Served Shu notably during the northern and southern campaigns.

* Also known as Hu Du (狐篤).

Was defeated by Shu and fled to Hu, drives Jiang Wei into Shu by his paranoia.

Served Cao Cao as Military Aide. Helped to repel Shu’s fifth northern campaign.

Second in command to the Nanman’s armies. Killed by Ma Dai.

Served as Military Aide to Cao Cao. Later Staff Supervisor, then Naval Commander.

Made General, plotted to raid Tao Huang but was discovered and executed.

Father of Mao Zonggang. One of two authors behind the Mao edition of Sanguo yanyi.

Son of Mao Lun. One of two authors behind the Mao edition of Sanguo yanyi.

Refused aid to Guan Yu. Defeated by Sima Yi. In novel, kills Xu Huang.

Raised concerns over Liu Xuan’s education, an arrogant but bright scholar.

Friend of Xu Shu and Zhuge Liang. Joined Wei. Became Inspector of Liang Province.

Meng Huo’s brother. Captured by Zhuge Liang.

Officer of Sun Chen.

* Originally named Meng Ren (孟仁).

Mi Zhu’s brother. Served Shu then Wu. Caused Guan Yu’s demise.

Reputable scholar. Infuriated Cao Cao’s officers with his audacious ways.

* Called Ni Heng in the ZZTJ.

Served Shu. Mi Fang’s brother. Died shortly after Mi Fang’s betrayal.

Han commander in the Henan district. Killed eunuch Duan Gui. Helped Emperor Shao.

General of Governor Zhang Yang. Killed by Lü Bu in a duel.

Plotted to save Emperor Xian with Empress Fu and Fu Wan. Executed by Cao Cao.

God in Koei’s Three Kingdoms. Reference to Star God/Lunar House Nandou (in Sagittarius).

Officer of later-Shu. Offered Jiang Wei a plan that defeated Deng Ai’s invading ...

Fought against Lü Bu and Li Su, after Dong Zhuo’s death. Killed by Hu Che’er.

* In Koei’s Dynasty Warriors 2-4 his name was presented as ‘Niou Fu’.

Helped defeat Mei Cheng and Chen Lan at Heavenly Pillar in 203.

Subordinate of Cao Ren. Attacked Zhou Yu’s camp at Nanjun, but was defeated and ...

The Chinese goddess. Created the first humans from the yellow earth.

Officer of Han Fu. Wielded a giant axe and fought with Hua Xiong, but was killed.

Began his career under Liu Biao then Liu Bei. After Guan Yu’s death, served in Wu.

Killed Dan Meng following his brother’s death.

Snubbed Dan Meng’s father-in-law at a banquet and was put to death.

Served Wu. Led the forces which captured Guan Yu and his son, Guan Ping.

Served Ma Chao, Zhang Lu, then Cao Cao. Fought against Guan Yu at Fan Cheng.

A famed scholar. Uncle of Pang Tong.

* Sima Hui called him Pang Gong as a nickname and therefore his name is sometimes mistranslated as such.

Son of Pang Tong, became Governor of Fu.

Son of Pang Degong.

Pang De’s son. Had Guan Yu’s clan exterminated after Shu’s surrender.

Pang Tong’s brother. Fought in Yiling. Surrendered to Wei with Huang Quan.

Sheltered Lü Bu and his family in Chang’an. Executed by Li Jue and Guo Si.

Friend of Sima Hui’s and Shu’s “Fledgling Phoenix.” Killed by ...

A friend of Liu Yan. Collected his grandchildren and brought them to Shu.

Fillial man, helped avenge grandfather and tried to avenge master.

Refused service with Liu Biao, he dealt with the Shanyu without an army.

Annotated Chen Shou’s Sanguozhi with numerous and extensive footnotes.

Advisor to Sima Zhao. Advised against making Sima You heir.

Former Yellow Scarve killed by Zhao Yun during an attempt to steal his horse.

Friend of Meng Da, plotted revolt against Liu Bei. Repented but still executed.

Monk. Warned Guan Yu of Bian Xi’s plot. Later helped Guan Yu’s spirit to find ...

* Pujing 普淨, a religious name, translates to Universal Purity. In the Brewitt-Taylor translation Pujing appears as Pu Jing and his name is translated as Transverse Peace. Other translations are possible.

Supported Sun Hao after Sun Xiu died, helping to elevate him to Emperor.

Served Wei. District Governor of Jincheng before helping Deng Ai’s invasion of Shu.

Forged decree against Dong Zhuo. Was killed by his enemy Liu Dai.

Officer of Yuan Shu. Fought with Cao Cao’s forces, but was killed by Xiahou Dun.

Recognised Cao Cao’s talent and predicted Han would collapse. Noble offical.

Historian and teacher, advised Liu Shan to surrender. Opposed Jiang Wei and Huang Hao.

Served under Sima Yi. Killed in a trap set by Zhuge Liang

Rebuked Jian Yong for his arrogance, thrown in jail for opposing the invasion of Wu.

Served Wei under Xiahou Dun. In novel, killed by Guan Yu leaving Cao Cao.

Servant of Dong Cheng. Punished for talking with Yun Ying. Betrayed him to Cao Cao.

* His name is incorrectly translated as ‘Quin Quington’ in some Brewitt-Taylor editions. Another calls him Qui Lici.

Served Sun Ce as an advisor, but died young. Usually appeared around Zhang Zhao.

Advisor to Deng Ai, calms he down and advises to try and surprise Zhuge Zhan.

Commander of Zhong Hui, helped warn Wei forces of Zhong Hui’s revolt.

Bandit who was defeated and killed by Li Tong.

Defeated Han Fu, Yufulou and destroyed Gongsun Zan. Became arrogant and was executed.

Son of Quan Rou and son-in-law of Sun Quan. Served Wu as general and advisor.

* His name is frequently written ‘Quan Zong’, but this is incorrect.

Defended Shou Chun during Zhuge Dan’s rebellion, but surrendered to Wei.

Brother-in-law of Sun Liang. Ordered to kill Sun Chen by Sun Liang, but was executed.

Son of Quan Cong who defected to Wei.

Father of Quan Ji. Was killed after his wife revealed his son’s plot against Sun ...

Quan Cong’s son. Sent to aid Zhuge Dan’s rebellion, but surrendered to Wei.

Conspired with Geng Ji and Wei Huang to abduct the Han Emperor.

Quan Xu’s (perhaps Quan Duan’s) son. Quan Zong’s grandson. Quan Yi’s ...

Looked after military stores with Mao Jie.

Officer under Sun Ce who participated in the Jiangdong campaigns. Died in the late 190’s.

Succeeded his brother’s position and was made Marquis of Liyang.

An officer of Sun Jian and Sun Ce. A man from Danyang.

Sent to aid Tao Qian against Cao Cao but defeated at Pingyuan.

Advisor of Sima Zhao’s. Warned Sima Zhao about trusting Zhong Hui.

Bandit who was defeated and killed by Li Tong.

* Shen 沈 can also be translated as Chen, but this translation is not used in surnames. That said, you will still find him under the name Chen Cheng.

Brother of Shen Yi. Governor of Shangyong. Surrendered from Wei to Shu to Wei.

Served Yuan Shao with loyalty, but after his death, sided with his youngest son, Shang.

Nephew of Shen Pei. Betrayed Jizhou after the family of his friend, Xin Pi, was executed.

Brother of Shen Dan. Friend of Meng Da. Surrendered from Wei to Shu then again to Wei.

General of the Left under Sun Hao who was slain during Jin’s conquest of Wu.

* Also called Shen Rong in the online Brewitt-Taylor edition.

Served Wu. Made war with Wei following the subjugation of Shu in 264.

* Sometimes he also appears as Cheng Man.

Army Inspector. Later promoted Commander of the Flying Cavalry.

General of Xu Huang, captured messenger which gave them vital information.

Imperial Guard under Sun Xiu who reported Sun Chen’s rebellion.

Old friend of Zhuge Liang. Joined Cao Cao with Xu Shu and worked on agriculture.

Grand Administrator of Jiao Zhi. Paid regular tribute to Sun Quan.

Joined Deng Ai’s attack on the Riverlands. Was made Imperial Protector of Yizhou.

Served Wei loyally to the end, weeping over Cao Mao’s corpse and refusing Jin princedom.

Authored the Warring States to Song Dynasty historical text, Zizhi tongjian.

* Also known as Sushui Xiansheng (涑水先生). Alternative style name (or hao 號) Yusou (taken late in his life). Posthumously given the honorary title (Shi or 謚) Wenzheng (文正), thus Sima Wenzhenggong (司馬文正公).

Named ‘Water Mirror’ by Pang Degong. Former teacher of Zhuge Liang and Pang ...

Humane offical, his governing was popular with the people.

Sima Yi’s son. After Yi’s death, held real authority in Wei. Instrumental ...

Fought Shu with Deng Ai, ambushed and killed Xiahou Ba.

Installed as the first Emperor of the Jin Dynasty.

* Known formally as Emperor Wu of Jin.

A skilled advisor of the Wei kingdom. His efforts laid the foundation of Jin.

* Si Ma, in this case is the double barreled surname, Yi is the given name.

Second son of Sima Zhao. Known as a kind and warm-natured man.

Son of Sima Yi. Father of Sima Yan. Controlled the Wei army after his brother, Shi’s, ...

Wei civil officer who served three generations of the Cao family.

Led the force to which Sun Hao offered his seal and surrendered.

Proposed to Yang Feng that they should betray Li Jue. Overheard and killed by Li Jue.

* Also called Song Ye.

Served Wei. Friend of Cui Yan who died young.

Served Wu. In the novel, is killed by Li Dian at He Fei, but historically fights at Yi ...

Song Ren and his brother, Song Yong, join Liu Bei in Capcom’s Destiny of an Emperor.

Served Lü Bu, but joined Cao Cao after Hou Cheng was punished. Killed by Yan Liang.

Song Yong and his brother, Song Ren, join Liu Bei in Capcom’s Destiny of an Emperor.

Scholar under Liu Biao with Qimu Kai. Sent by Liu Cong to surrender to Cao Cao.

* Song Zhong’s name may have been written Song Zong 宋宗.

Convinced Gan Ning to leave Huang Zu and join Sun Quan.

Horse trader from Zhongshan with Zhang Shiping. Supplied Liu Bei’s first armed force.

Vanguard commander of Guo Huai (who served Cao Zhen). Killed by Zhao Zilong.

Defended Ji when Yuan Shang went to help his brother against Cao Cao.

Considered Wei’s best frontier General, fiercely honest. Died after argument with ...

* Called Sun Tse in Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms.

Served Zhang Yang. Killed Yang Chou who killed Zhang Yang. Turned to Yuan Shao.

* You will also find him referenced as Gui Gu and Kui Gu. In Moss Roberts’ translation he isn’t mentioned by name. Brewitt-Taylor references him as Kui Gu. Koei, until recently, referenced him as Gui Gu. Bo 白 in his style is frequently translated as Bai, thus Baitu. Sidenote: his style, Botu (白兔) literally translates to ‘White Rabbit’.

He fought bitterly with his once close brother, Sun He, for succession. Forced into suicide.

Inherited Sun Jian’s troops and served Yuan Shu, then Sun Ce. Died of illness after ...

Sun Jian’s oldest son. Built the foundation of the Wu kingdom.

Executed a number of Wu officials and abused his authority, deposed Sun Liang.

* Sometimes ‘綝’ is incorrectly translated as lin2, thus ‘Sun Lin’.

Set to be Quan’s successor, but died young. Kind and sought out goodness.

Sun Hao saw him as a threat and made up crimes against him in order to execute him.

Second son of Sun Qiang. Imprisoned after trying to surrender to Cao Cao.

Old general of Sun Yi, avenged the death of his master.

Contemplated a coup against Sun Quan but decided against.

* Called Sun Hao in SGZ. Not to be confused with Sun Hao, Emperor of Wu.

Last Emperor of Wu. Destroyed the country through tyranical rule and wasteful projects.

* Called “Peng Zu” by Sun Quan after his birth.

Investigated Sun Yi’s death but was assassinated. Was a member of the Yu clan for ...

Heir to Sun Quan but quarrelled with former friend Sun Ba. Dismissed by his father.

Captured three Wei generals at Shiyang. Encouraged scholarship in his lands.

Part of invasion of Jing. Trapped at Yiling, he holds out until Lu Xun achieves victory.

Officer of Wu. Took over Lu Kang’s position when Kang was removed from office.

Father of Sun Ce, Sun Quan, and the kingdom of Wu.

Held off Cao Cao’s forces at Ru Xu Kou. A generous and honourable man

Raised up the troops that would be Jian’s personal guard. Helped defeat Wang Lang.

Joined Teng Yin to try and assassinate Zhuge Ke, later controlled the court.

Marries daughter of Cao Ren, dies aged twenty without having held office.

The fifth son of Sun Jian. Led a command at Dongkou but accidentally burned his own camp.

* Also known as Sun Ren (孫仁). Had his surname changed to Ding (丁) by Sun Quan while imprisoned after he ignored Lü Fan’s orders defending against Cao Xiu.

Fought against Shu under Sima Yi and Cao Zhen. Became an Excellency.

Become Emperor, but is dethroned by Sun Chen after failed attempt to remove Regent.

Lover of Sun Jun. Caused deaths of Lady Wang, Princess Zhu and Sun He.

* Also known as Princess Quan. Dahu means ‘Big Tiger’.

Served Liu Bei. From Beihai. At death ranked General Who Upholds Loyalty.

The twin brother of Sun Jian. Father of Sun Ben and Sun Fu.

Sun Jian’s second son. Sun Ce’s brother. Long-lived first Emperor of Wu.

Sun Ce’s posthumous son. Died young, some criticize Quan’s treatment of Shao.

Became Prime Minister of Wu in AD 222. Formerly served Kong Rong, then Liu Yao.

Disobeyed Xu Sheng to fool opposing Wei forces. Maintained strong defense against Wei.

* Sun Shao, before being adopted by Sun Ce, was known as Yu Shao (俞韶).

A general during the late Wu period.

Son of Sun Xiu, and intended heir. Puyang Xiang and Zhang Bu enthroned Sun Hao.

* The character ‘Wan1’ in Sun Wan’s did not exist in Unicode for quite some time, but it is now listed. ’&#168128’ is the character, but odds are you can’t see it. 上雨下單, the name we are currently using, is simply an explanation of the character, which has has 雨 on the top and 單 on the bottom. 上 and 下 mean up and down respectively.

In command of navy, lured out by Du Yu. Met the attack of Zhou Zhi but was killed.

Surrendered to Jin and served as Cavalry General. Wept at the fall of Wu.

Overthrew Sun Chen but neglected state affairs. Wish for heirship ignored.

Was sent to aid Jiang Wei during the fall of Shu but was too late.

* Sun Yi’s name is mistranslated in Brewitt-Taylor translations as Sun Yin.

Once a rival to Sun Quan. Assassinated by Bian Hong and others at a banquet.

Served Wu. Sun Jing’s second son and cousin to Sun Quan.

Served Wu during Jin’s invasion. Was captured by Jin forces and executed.

Fought with Zhu Jun and Liu Bei at Wan, but was killed by Liu Bei.

Served the Wuhuan with Tadun. Aided Yuan Shang. Executed by Gongsun Kang.

A Wuhuan chief. Slain in battle with Zhang Liao’s troops.

* Novel calls him Mao Dun.

Served Liu Yong then Wu. Helped save Kong Rong from the Yellow Scarves.

Held various posts in Wu. In novel, looked after by Quan after Ci’s death.

* Also known as Heng in the novel.

One of the Eight Paragons of Jiangxia. From Shanyang.

General of Sun Huan. Fights at Yi Ling, wounds Zhang Bao’s horse.

General of Jin who participated in the conquest of Wu.

Follower of Zhang Jue. Betrayed his plans to the Han, and got Ma Yuanyi beheaded.

Served Wu then surrendered to Wei. Collected ships for Zhong Hui.

Served Wu until Sun Hao submitted. Joined Jin and died not much later.

A general of Wu. During Jin’s invasion, sent to meet the invading Jin forces.

Inspector of Xuzhou. Fought violently with Cao Cao. Died of illness.

Late era General of Wu who governed Guangzhou.

Minister of Wu. Argued to Sun Jun that Zhuge Ke should be put to death.

Acted as guide against Wuhuan for Wei, refused reward as he felt he had failed Liu Yu.

Served Yuan Shao, who ignored his advice. Killed himself after being slandered by Feng Ji.

Appointed Lieutenant Governor of Qingzhou by Gongsun Zan. Fought against Cao Cao.

Slew Deng Ai and his son in revenge for Deng Ai nearly executing him.

General of Wei under Cao Rui who was dispatched to Xiangyang to counter Wu’s invasion.

* Also referred to erroneously as Tian Du.

Officer of Zhong Hui in Wei’s later days.

Advised Puyang Xing to make Sun Hao Emperor after Sun Xiu’s death.

* Also called Wanyu Su

Fictional lieutenant under Guo Huai in AD 228. Defeated and spared by Zhao Yun.

One of the great literary figures of the time. Urged Liu Cong to surrender to Wei.

Compiled treatises on government and military matters. Leading general against Wu.

Member of Li Jue’s Tiger Army. Wouldn’t arrest Huangfu Li for ethical reasons.

* Incorrectly translated as ‘Wang Chan’ in some Brewitt-Taylor editions.

Minister of Wu who was executed by Sun Chen.

* Appears as Wang Chun in both the Moss Roberts and Brewitt-Taylor translations of the novel.

Accused Prince Li of treason after receiving no bribe. Accused Empress Song of witchcraft.

Warned Guan Yu about Lü Meng, Pang Jun and an ambush but was ignored.

Part of the ‘Jade Girdle’ plot to kill Cao Cao. Courtier of Dong Cheng. Executed ...

* Wang Fu appears as Wang Zifu (王子服) in the novel, SGZ Shu, and other sources. This appears to be an error. Rafe de Crespigny wrote the following in To Establish Peace I: “The main text of SGZ 32 gives the personal name of Wang Fu as, but Xiandi qijuzhu, quoted by PC, and the parallel texts HHS 9, 381, and HHS 72/62, 2343, all omit the character zi. It is presumably dittography from the name of Wu Zilan immediately preceding.”

Came up with a plan to trick Jiang Wei but it failed, died valiantly.

Defender of Yuecheng, surrendered on the loss of Hanzhong.

Warned that Sun Hao’s army was formidable and that they should wait a year.

Fought against Wu and Guanqiu Jian, fighting in three duels and advising to win hearts.

Struggled against Jiang Wei. Supported Cao Mao when Mao tried to remove Sima Zhao.

Commander of the force that conqured Wu.

Defended Yongchang against Yong Kai’s attack, credited success to Lu Kai.

Took heavy losses against Dong Zhou. Despised material things but could be violent.

Originally the prefect of Huiji, he later joined Wei. Debated with Zhuge Liang.

* Originally called Wang Yan

Minister of Liu Zhang. Strongly advised Zhang to not allow Liu Bei into Yi.

Shu governor who did well economically. He warned Zhuge Liang of the risk of malaria.

A famed man from Taiyuan who refused service and reformed others.

Plotted against Sima Yi but plan was leaked and he was forced into suicide.

Officer of Zhong Hui during the conquest of Shu.

A military commander, he was forced into withdrawing after Tian Yu shamed him.

Served Wei but later surrendered to Shu. Served in the northern campaigns.

* Also known as He Ping (何平).

Served Han as Commandant of the Exemplary Cavalry. Killed by Li Jue and Guo Si’s ...

Served Wei. District Governor of Tian Shui before helping Deng Ai’s invasion of Shu.

* Shi 碩 in Kongshi can also be translated as Shuo.

A child prodigy, one of the seven men of the bamboo grove, noted for his meanness.

Governor of Jingzhou. Tried to have Cao Yin killed, but was killed first by Sun Jian.

Served Shu. Wang Lian’s son.

Compiled Wei-shu, the offical history of Wei. In the novel, betrays Cao Mao.

* 沈 can also be pronounced Chen, and his name is sometimes translated as such.

Served Cao Rui. Defeated Zhang Ni, and was later killed by Wei Yan.

The son of Wang Lang. Aided the Sima’s in creating Jin. Father of Sima Zhao’s ...

Civil officer, advised Sima Zhao to pray to the fountain so he could feed the troops.

Served Liu Biao and Liu Cong loyally. Died protecting Cong from Cao Cao.

Convinced Sima Zhao to name Sima Yan heir, along with Jia Chong, Pei Xiu and others.

Served Yuan Tan loyally. Joined Cao Cao after Yuan Tan’s death in AD 205.