Romance of the Three Kingdoms X: Officer Biographies
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Presenting a collection of in-game officer biographies from Koei’s Romance of the Three Kingdoms X. We felt it would be fun to put this project together as these biographies, which usually lean toward historical accuracy, can be very helpful when you are trying to remember who an officer is, or when you just need basic information about them. This is a public development project featured at Scholars of Shen Zhou.
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Kingdom of Wei
(Rulers: Cao Cao, Cao Pi, Cao Rui, Cao Fang, Cao Mao)
Bao Xin; Lived AD 152–192 He advised Yuan Shao and Wang Yun to ostracize Dong Zhuo. He participated in the Anti-Dong Zhuo Coalition. He later fought with Cao Cao against the Yellow Turbans in Qing province and died in battle.
Bian Xi; Lived AD ?–200 Served Cao Cao and guarded Yi Shui Gate. He attempted to kill Guan Yu during the Thousand League Journey, but Pu Jing informed Guan Yu about the planned attack. Later he was killed by Guan Yu.
Cai He; Lived ?–208 Cousin of Cai Mao. Surrendered to Wu with Cai Zhong just before the Battle of Chi Bi. However, Zhou Yu saw that his surrender was false, and used him to spread disinformation among his true allies in Wei.
Cai Mao (Degui); Lived AD ?–208 Officer under Liu Biao. Member of a powerful family in Jing; younger brother of Liu Biao’s second wife. Attempted to kill Liu Bei, who was a threat to the succession of Liu Zong. A skilled naval commander.
Cai Zhong; Lived AD ?–208 This cousin of Cai Mao surrendered to Wu along with Cai He in a ploy. However, Zhou Yu saw through this false surrender, and he was killed by Gan Ning after being forced to lead the army to Cao Cao’s camp.
Cao Ang (Zixiu); Lived AD ?–197 Oldest son of Cao Cao. Gave his own horse to Cao Cao when Zhang Xiu attacked in the night and Cao Cao’s horse was lost in the confusion. His father’s life was saved, but he himself could not escape and fell in battle.
Cao Cao (Mengde); Lived AD 155–220 King of Wei. Proved his ability as a commander of cavalry in the suppression of the Yellow Turbans. After Dong Zhuo’s death, wandered the land to help build the foundation of the Wei kingdom. Posthumously named Emperor Wei Wu.
Cao Chong (Cangshu); Lived AD 195–208 The son of Cao Cao. Known for his intelligence from an early age, he was favored by his father. When he died at the age of 13, Cao Cao was mortified, and said to Cao Pi, “I am sad, but you can be happy.”
Cao Chun (Zihe); Lived AD 170–210 The younger brother of Cao Ren. He led Cao Cao’s elite unit, the Wildcat Riders. He set out to help Cao Ren defend the Nan Territory, but was defeated by Wu general Zhou Yu.
Cao Fang (Lanqing); Lived C. 231/3–274 Adopted son of Cao Rui. Took the throne at the young age of eight. Ordered Xiahou Xuan to assassinate Sima Shi but his plot was discovered. Sima Shi then removed him from the throne by demoting him to King of Qi.
Cao Hong (Zilian); Lived AD 169–232 Officer of Wei and Cao Cao’s cousin. Joined Cao Cao’s army at it’s inception with Cao Ren. Participated as the central figure in battles across the land. Acted as guard general and cavalry general after the succession of Cao Pi.
Cao Huan (Jingming); Lived AD 246–303 Son of Wei’s King of Yan, Cao Yu. Last emperor of Wei. Ascended to the throne with Sima Zhao’s blessing, but was forced to secede by King of Jin Sima Yan. Demoted to King of Chen Liu.
Cao Mao (Yanshi); Lived AD 241–260 Grandchild of Cao Pi. Placed on the throne by Sima Shi after the dethronement of Cao Fang. Fearing domination by the Sima clan, he led his personal army in an attempt to slay Sima Zhao, but was killed by Chen Ji.
Cao Pi (Zihuan); Lived AD 187–226 First emperor of Wei and second son of Cao Cao. Stole the title of emperor by forcing Xian into abdication. Attacked both Shu and Wu, but conquered neither. Renamed Emperor Wei Wen.
Cao Ren (Zixiao); Lived AD 168–223 Officer of Wei and Cao Cao’s cousin. Well practiced in the arts of war, especially archery and horsemanship. Defended Jing after the battle of Chi Bi. Acted as grand marshal during the reign of Cao Pi.
Cao Rui (Yuanzhong); Lived AD 206–239 Second Emperor of Wei. Relying on Sima Yi and Cao Zhen, fought with Shu and Wu. Relieved at the death of Zhuge Liang, spent his later years indulging in luxury and the building of palaces, thus causing the decline of Wei. Renamed Emperor Wei Ming.
Cao Shuang (Zhaobo); Lived AD ?–249 Officer of Wei and oldest son of Cao Cao. Ordered to advise Cao Fang along with Sima [Yi]. Appointed Sima [Yi] to the post of grand teacher and seized power for himself, but Sima [Yi] struck back killing three whole branches of his family.
Cao Xi; Lived AD ?–249 Cao Zhen’s second son and the younger brother of Cao Shuang. He entreated the arrogant older brother to beware of Sima Yi. He and his brother were laater executed during Sima Yi’s coup.
Cao Xiong; Lived AD ?–220 Fifth son of Cao Cao by Mistress Bian. A sickly man who was unable to attend Cao Cao’s funeral due to illness. When he was censured by Cao Pi for his absence, he killed himself in fear of worse punishment.
Cao Xiu (Wenlie); Lived AD ?–228 Officer of Wei and relative of Cao Cao. Acted as guardian of the south and conqueror of the east under the reign of Cao Pi. Suffered a great loss in the campaign against Wu due to a strategy of Zhou Fang’s and died from shame.
Cao Xun; Lived AD ?–249 Cao Zhen’s third son. He was appointed as a general by his older brother Cao Shuang, who had taken Sima Yi’s military authority. Executed after Sima Yi staged a revolt and regained power.
Cao Yu (Pengzu); Lived 197–? This King of Yan was the son of Cao Pi (Historically, he was actually Cao Cao’s son). He became Grand General and was ordered by Cao Rui to advise Cao Fang, but firmly refused the heavy responsibility.
Cao Zhang (Ziwen); Lived AD ?–223 Third son of Cao Cao. A courageous distinguished officer, was said ablte to kill wild beasts with his bare hands. Also called Yellow Beard. Saved his father’s life when pursued by the enemy during the struggle for Han Zhong.
Cao Zhen (Zidan); Lived AD 185–231 Officer of Wei and relative of Cao Cao. Entrusted with affairs following the death of Cao Pi. As grand viceroy, defended against the northern campaign of Shu but was defeated by the strategy of Zhuge Liang. Died of rage when Zhuge Liang sent him an insulting letter.
Cao Zhi (Zijian); Lived AD 192–232 Cao Cao’s fourth son. Fought with Cao Pi for succession. Skilled with words, he wrote many great poems. Considered China’s second best poet behind Du Fu.
Che Zhou; Lived AD 164–199 Served Cao Cao as Brigadier General. After the Lü Bu Campaign, he ruled over Xu in place of Liu Bei. After Liu Bei came back, he was ordered by Cao Cao to assassinate Liu Bei but was killed by Guan Yu.
Chen Deng (Yuanlong); Lifespan Unknown Son of Chen Gui. Joined Liu Bie [Liu Bei] when Liu Bei received Xu from Tao Qian. When Liu Bei suffered a great loss to Cao Cao, he surrendered and attained the rank of prefect.
Chen Gong (Gongtai); Lived AD 154–198 Overseer of Zhang Mou in late Han. Accompanied Cao Cao after Cao Cao failed to assassinate Dong Zhou [Dong Zhuo], but left him after witnessing his heartlessness. Later served as adviser under Lü Bu, but was captured and requested the death penalty.
Chen Jiao (Jibi); Lived AD 170–237 Minister of Wei. Defended Nan in Jing with Cao Ren but was defeated by a strategy of Zhuge Liang’s. Later became minister of letters and contributed to Cao Pi’s ascension to the imperial throne. Was promoted to interior minister during the reign of Emperor Ming (Cao Rui).
Chen Lan; Lived AD ?–209 Officer under Yuan Shu. Acted as vice commander in the attack on Xu. When Yuan Shu groundlessly declared himself emperor, he abandoned his lord and he and Lei Bo became brigands. Later came back to pillage Yuan Shu’s remaining valuables after Yuan Shu had been defeated.
Chen Lin (Kongzhang); Lived ?–217 One of Jian An’s 7 Teachers and Yuan Shao’s secretary. He authored the declaration for Cao Cao’s execution. Later he was captured by Cao Cao, but appointed to a good post because of his skills.
Chen Qun; Lifespan Unknown Minister of Wei. Established the Nine Class System for civil service nomination. Became guardian of the military following the death of Cao Pi and advised Cao Rui along with Sima Hui and Cao Zhen.
Cheng Wu; Lived C. 201–? Cheng Yu’s child. Served Xiahou Mao when fighting the Shu army, and had Xiahou Mao surround and attack Zhao Yun and catch him unaware. He advised catching Zhao Yun in an ambush.
Cheng Yin; Lived ?–211 One of Han Sui’s 8 Knights. He assaulted Chang An along with Ma Chao’s army. He later died in battle with his colleague Zhang Heng while fighting Cao Cao’s forces at Wei Nan.
Cheng Yu (Zhongde); Lived AD 142–221 Adviser under Cao Cao, formerly named Li. Reformed his ways after dreaming that he was upholding the sun. Became a strategist for Cao Cao at the recommendation of Xun Yu. A tall man of great ability.
Dai Ling; Lifespan Unknown An officer of Wei. As Zhang He’s second in command, he was ordered by Sima Yi to attack Zhuge Liang’s camp. He was surrounded, but was rescued by Zhang He, He was later captured by Zhuge Liang.
Deng Xian; Lifespan Unknown Meng Da’s nephew. He followed Meng Dai [Meng Da] and changed rulers to Liu Bei, then Cao Pi. Later when Meng Da staged a coup, he abandoned Meng Da and surrendered to Sima Yi.
Dian Man; Lifespan Unknown This Cao Cao vassal was Dian Wei’s son. After his father Dian Wei was attacked and killed by Zhang Xiu’s forces, he was promoted by Cao Cao, and served as Cao Cao’s close adviser.
Dian Wei; Lived AD 160–197 Officer under Cao Cao. A giant of a man known for his heroc deeds. During Zhang Xiu’s night attack on Wan Castle, met the enemy unarmed, giving his life so Cao Cao could escape.
Ding Yi (Jingli); Lived AD ?–220 Cao Zhi’s close advisor, renowned as a man of culture. After Cao Cao’s death, when an envoy came to inquire why Cao Zhi had not attended the funeral, Ding Yi was killed for contempt.
Dong Cheng; Lived AD ?–200 Emperor Xian’s father-in-law. He received a jeweled leather belt from Emperor Xian with a message to execute Cao Cao, and began pondering how to carry out the orders but was found out and executed.
Dong Zhao (Gongren); Lived AD 156–236 Minister of the late Han. Suggested to Cao Cao and Emperor Xian that the capitol be relocated to Xu Chang. Wrote the proposal under which Cao Cao was made duke of Wei.
Fei Yao; Lived ?–229 He followed Cao Zhen in fighting against the Second Northern Campaign. He suspected Jiang Wei’s defection and went to battle in place of Cao Zhen, but was surrounded and committed suicide.
Fu Xun (Gongti); Lived AD C. 163–? A vassal of Liu Biao. He advised Liu Zong, who had succeeded Liu Biao, to submit to Cao Cao. As a result Cao Cao granted him an important post.
Gao Gan (Yuancai); Lived AD ?–206 Nephew of Yuan Shao. Protector of Bing Province. He took to the field to rescue Yuan Shao, who had lost at Guan Du. He fought valiantly against Li Dian and Yue Jin, but was defeated.
Gao Lan; Lived AD ?–201 Officer under Yuan Shao. Fought against Cao Cao’s skilled officer Xu Zhu in the battle of Guan Du. Later joined Cao Cao with his colleague Zhang He. Attacked Liu Bei’s army at Run Nan and killed Liu Pi.
Gao Rou (Wenhui); Lived AD 174–261 Gao Gan’s younger cousin, and Wei’s Minister of Interior. When Sima Yi rose in revolt, he became Grand General in place of Cao Shuang, and occupied Cao Shuang’s camp.
Gongsun Yuan; Lived AD ?–238 King of Yan and son of Gongsun Kang. Took advantage of the struggle between Wei and Wu to declare his kingship and revolt against Wei. Defeated by an army under Sima Yi and refused the chance to surrender. Attempted to flee but was caught and cut down.
Guan Yu (Yunchang); Lived AD 162–219 Head of the Five Tiger Generals of Shu. Swore brotherhood with Liu Bei and Zhang Fei. Exceptionally strong, he was said to be the equal of 10,000 men. He protected Jing after Liu Bei conquered Shu, but was caught and killled by the Wu forces.
Guanqiu Dian (Zibang); Lifespan Unknown Wu Qiujian’s eldest son. When Cao Fang was forced to retreat by Sima Shi, he prompted a rebellion against his father. Before raising an army, he escaped from Luo Yang, but was subsequently murdered.
Guanqiu Jian (Zhonggong); Lived AD ?–256 Officer of Wei. Opposed Sima Shi’s dethronement of Cao Fang. Caused a revolt with Yang Protector Wen Qin but was subjugated. Ran to seek aid from Song Bai, the overseer of Shen, but Song Bai deceived him and he was killed.
Guanqiu Xiu; Lifespan Unknown Wu Qiujian’s younger brother. He was involved in Wu Qiujian’s revolt, but when Wen Qin was defeated, he fled together with Wu Qiujian to Wu.
Guo Huai (Boji); Lived AD 187–255 Officer of Wei. Led armies under Cao Zhen and Sima Yi. Later appointed protector of Yong. Pursued Xiahou Ba, who revolted against Wei. Rescued Sima Zhao at Mt. Tie Long.
Guo Jia (Fengxiao); Lived AD 170–207 Minister under Cao Cao. Gained trust for his ingenuity and wisdom. Overcame with illness during the suppression of Nei Bei and died at age 38. After wards, Cao Cao often exclaimed, “If only Guo Jia were alive!”
Guo Yi (Boyi); Lifespan Unknown Son Guo Jia. After Guo Jia died, he was taken into Cao Cao’s home. Later he became a Wei Imperial Tutor. He was well educated, but was reported to change matters when dealing with different people.
Han De; Lived AD ?–227 When Zhuge Liang began his Northern Campaign, this Wei officer was called by Xiahou Mao to serve on the front lines of the Wei army. He was killed together with his 4 sons by Zhao Yun.
Han Fu (Wenjie); Lived AD 149–191 Governor of Ji in late Han. Led an army as part of the coalition against Dong Zhuo. After the coalition’s dissolution, lost Ji to Yuan Shao. Abandoning his family, sought refuge under Zhang Miao.
Han Hao (Yuansi); Lived AD 164–219 Cao Cao’s officer. He formerly served Yuan Shu, but was talked into serving Cao Cao by Xiahou Dun. He taught Cao Cao the importance of colonizing captured regions.
Han Sui (Wenyue); Lived AD C. 144–215 Portector of Bing in the late Han. When his sworn brother Ma Teng was killed by Cao Cao, he raised an army with Ma Teng’s son Ma Chao. However, he was tricked into surrendering to Cao Cao, and later had his left arm cut off by Ma Chao.
Han Xuan; Lived AD 163–C. 209 Short-tempered prefect of Chang Sha. Accused his officer Huang Zhong of treason for missing a chance to slay Guan Yu and sentenced him to death. However, he was killed by Wei Yan before he could carry out the execution.
Hao Zhao (Bodao); Lived Unknown– Officer of Wei. Promoted to guardian of the west at the recommendation of Sima Yi and defended Chen Cang Castle. Skilled at the defensive battles, repelled and army of 300,000 led by Zhuge Liang with only 3,000 men of his own in under 20 days.
He Yan (Pingshu); Lived AD ?–249 He was trusted friend of Cao Shuang. He became a minister after Cao Rui’s death, but was killed during Sima Yi’s coup d’etat. According to historical records, he was a grandson of He Jin.
Hou Cheng; Lived 158–? He was caned fro breaking the law against drinking alcohol amidst a siege. He lost faith in Lü Bu for this outrage, and decided to defect aling with Wei Xu and Song Xian. He stole Red Hare and fled to Cao Cao.
Hou Xuan; Lifespan Unlisted An officer of Han Sui. When Ma Chao raised an army, he fought against Cao Cao together with Han Sui. At the time when Han Sui fell out with Ma Chao, he surrendered to Cao Cao with han Sui.
Hu Fen (Xuanwei); Lived ?–288 Officer of Jin. Subdued the revolt of Zhuge Dan. Marched against Wu as subduer of the south. Opposed Du Yu’s sudden command to attack, but was refuted with the arguement that “Momentum must not be wasted.”
Hu Lie (Wuxuan); Lifespan Unlisted This Wei officer was Hu Zhen’s son. He participated in Zhong Hui’s campaign against Shu. After Shu fell, he was imprisoned by Zhong Hui, who was plotting rebellion. However, he contacted his son u Yuan and had Zhong Hui killed.
Hu Zhi (Wende); Lived AD ?–250 A Wei officer. Prefect of Dong Guan. When Zhou Fang of Wu surrendered under false pretenses in 228, he served together with Man Chong under Jia Kui, making preparations in Wei.
Hu Zun; Lifespan Unlisted Officer of Weu. Led the vanguard during the subjugation of Gongsun Yuan. Led an army against Guanqiu Jian’s rebellion along with Deng Ai and Wang Ji. Defeated Guanqiu Jian and settled Huainan.
Hua Xin (Ziyu); Lived AD 157–231 Adviser under Cao Cao. Originally a minister of the Han court who switched to serving Sun Ce and then Cao Cao. In the novel, he pressured Emperor Xian to abdicate the throne to Cao Pi, but his role in official history is completely differen. Was Wei’s minster of letters.
Huan Fan (Yuanze); Lived AD ?–249 He was taken into Cao Shuang’s confidence, and earned the nickname “Font of Wisdom.” He counseled Cao Shuang to fight rather than surrender to Sima Yi, but his consel fell on deaf ears.
Huan Jie (Boxu); Lifespan Unlisted High minister of Wei. Formerly served Sun Jian and acted as envoy when the hosted Huang Zu was exhanged for the return of Sun Jian’s corpse. Later invited by Cao Cao to serve Wei, and acted with Hua Xin to pressure Emperor Xian into abdication.
Huang Quan (Gongheng); Lifespan Unlisted Officer who served both Shu and Wei. Under Liu Bei, he led the Shu navy against Wu but was isolated when the army’s main unit fell and was forced to submit to Wei. Despite switching sides, however, he was always loyal to Liu Bei.
Jia Chong (Gonglü); Lived AD 217–282 Minister of Wei and Jin and son of Jia Kui. A confidant of Sima Zhao who directed the assassination of Emperor Cao Mao. After Zhong Hui’s rebellion, went to Shu to suppress disorder in Cheng Du. Played a passive role in the subjugation of Wu.
Jia Fan; Lifespan Unlisted He incurred his lord, Gongsun Yuan’s wrath and was executed after advising against pretending to be the King of Yan. Folowing Gongsun Yuan’s assassination, Sima Yi conferred court rank to his descendants.
Jia Kui (Liangdao); Lived AD 174–C. 228 Minister of Wei. Warned that Cao Zhang would challenge Cao Pi’s inheritance of his father’s title. Advised Cao Xiu in battle against Wu and saw through Zhou Fang’s false defection.
Jia Xu (Wenhe); Lived AD 147–224 Minsiter of Wei. Served Li Jue but felt neglected and joined Zhang Xiu. Brilliant strategist who defeated Cao Cao’s army numerous times, but laate submitted to Cao Cao along with Zhang Xiu. Grand commander of Wei.
Jiang Ban; Lifespan Unlisted An officer of Zhuge Dan. When Zhuge Dan instigated a revolt at Shou Chun, he advocated a rapid battle with Sima Zhao who surrounded them. When his advice was disregarded, he surrendered.
Jiang Gan (Ziyi); Lifespan Unlisted Set out to convince his friend Zhou Yu to surrender to Cao Cao, but succumbed to Zhou Yu’s ploy. In actual history he was so taken aback with Zhou Yu’s loyalty that he returned without having even tried.
Jiang Ji (Zitong); Lifespan Unlisted When Cao Cao thought about transfering the capital in fear of Guan Yu’s invasion, he advised against it. He participated in the Wu campaign. He was promoted when Cao Fang became emperor.
Jiang Shu; Lifespan Unknown Under the orders of Jiang Wei, he joined Fu Qian in defending the Yang Ping Gate during the Wei Campaign. He surrendered when Zhong Hui’s army attacked, handing over the outpost to Zhong Hui.
Jiang Wei (Boyue); Lived AD 202–264 Officer of Shu. Originally served Wei but surrendered to Shu during the first northern campaign. Entrusted with the strategies of the dying Zhuge Liang. Attacked the north nine times until Shu’s strength was completely used up.
Jiao Yi; Lifespan Unlisted An officer of Zhuge Dan. With Jiang Ban, he served Zhuge Dan when he rebelled against Sima Zhao. When fighting against Sima Zhao, he argued for a quick engagement but was ignored and surrendered.
Jin Xuan (Yuanji); Lived AD ?–208 Prefect of Wu Ling. When Zhang Fei attacked Wu Ling, ignored Gong Zhi’s suggestion to surrender and marched. When he returned to the castle defeated, Gong Zhi shot and killed him.
Jin Yi (Deyi); Lived ?–218 Son of Jin Xuan. Minister who served the imperial court for multiple generations, beginning in early Han. Detested Cao Cao and plotted a rebellion along with Geng Ji. However, he was attacked by Cao Cao when the plot was leaked and his entire family was killed.
Kong Rong (Wenju); Lived AD 153–208 Prefect of Bei Hai in late Han. Twentieth generation descendant of Confucius. One of the Jian An Seven. Joined the coalition against Dong Zhuo and later served Cao Cao, but was executed for protesting the subjugation of Shu.
Kuai Yue (Yidu); Lifespan Unlisted Minister of Liu Biao. Younger brother of Kuai Liang. Recommended surrender when Lia Biao’s successor Liu Zong was attacked by Cao Cao. Cao Cao praised him, saying, “I would rather obtain Kuai Yue than the province of Jing.”
Li Dian (Mancheng); Lived AD 182–217 Officer under Cao Cao. A brave veteran who served Cao Cao since he first raised his army. An intellectual with a calm but cautious personality. Occasionally suppressed his colleagues when they acted out. Protected He Fei with Jiang Liao [Zhang Liao] and Yue Jin.
Li Feng; Lived AD ?–254 In 254 this Wei officer talked with Cao Fang, Xiahou Xuan, and Zhang Ji about executing Sima Shi, but the plot was exposed when a secret note of Cao Fang’s was discovered. All three families were exectued.
Li Kan; Lived AD ?–211 An officer of Han Sui. When Han Sui and Ma Chao split, he was assaulted by Cao Cao’s army and suffered a huge defeat. He was hit by one of Yu Jin’s arrows that was meant for Ma Chao, and died.
Li Sheng (Gongzhao); Lifespan Unlisted He was appointed to an important post under Cao Shuang. He was tricked by Sima Yi into believing Yi was sick, whcih led Cao Shuang to be off guard. He was executed in Sima Yi’s coup d’ etat.
Li Tong (Wenda); Lived AD C. 168–C. 209 An officer of Cao Cao. He served Cao Cao at the time Cao Cao was engaging Zhang Xiu and Liu Biao. In the novel, he fought with Ma Chao who was going after Ma Teng, but was defeated.
Liang Xi (Ziyu); Lifespan Unlisted Protector of Bing in Wei. Achieved compliance from the Huns to settle the frontier and launched the agricultural sericulture (silk worm) industry. Judged most valuable citizen and later promoted to grand culitvator.
Liang Xu; Lifespan Unlisted Wei minister of Tian Shui and Jiang Wei’s friend. He surrendered to the Shu army and was appointed prefect of Tian Shui.
Liu Ba (Zichu); Lived AD 173–222 He formerly served Liu Zhang. Out of loyalty to Liu Zhang, he did not go to Liu Bei to surrender. However, he later joined Liu Bei after he visited him in person. He also served in the Northern Campaign.
Liu Bei (Xuande); Lived AD 161–223 First emperor of Shu. Said to be a descenant of Liu Sheng, prince of Zhong Shan in early Han. First raised an army to help surprises [suppress] the yellow turbans and eventually settled one of the three kingdoms of the period. Renamed Emperor Xiao Lie.
Liu Du; Lived 168–? Prefect of Ling Ling. Sent his son Liu Xian and Xing Daorong against and attack by Liu Bei. Surrendered when Liu Xian was defeated. Was then transferred as prefect of Liu Ren.
Liu Fu (Yuanying); Lived AD ?–208 Protector of Yang in Wei. Turned He Fei into a stronghold by enacting colonization, irrigation, and the building of schools. In the novel, was killed by Cao Cao in a drunken rage for discrediting a poem that Cao Cao wrote before the battle of Chi Bi as inauspicious. This incident, however, is not recorded in official history.
Liu Shan (Gongsi); Lived AD 207–271 Weak-willed second emperor of Shu. Indulged only in pleasure in his later years, and favored the eunuch Huang Hao. Solely responsible for the downfual of Shu, his childhood name later became a synonym for “fool”.
Liu Shao (Kongcai); Lifespan Unlisted This Wei officer defend [defended] Jang Xia during Zhuge Liang’s Fifth Northern Campaign. Acting under Cao Rui’s orders, he outwitted Lu Xun’s plan, forestalling Wu’s army and causing Sun Quan to retreat.
Liu Xun (Zitai); Lifespan Unlisted Oldest son of Liu Zhang. Gained permission from his father to attack Liu Bei in Cheng Du but was defeated. According to official history, he held off attacks from Liu Bei’s army for almost a year.
Liu Ye (Ziyang); Lived AD 171–232 Minister of Wei. Served under recommendation of Guo Jia. In the battle against Yuan Shao, he beat back the enemy’s tower attack. Served the Cao for three generations and contributed many strategies.
Lou Gui (Zibo); Lifespan Unlisted A hermit of Mt. Zhongman also known as Mengmei. Advised Cao Cao to build a castle of ice in defense against Ma Chao’s attack at Wei Shui. Official history lists him as a brilliant strategist praised by Cao Cao but put to death for speaking rudely.
Lü Kuang; Lived AD ?–207 Officer under Yuan Shang and older brother of Lü Xiang. Received the seal of a general after submitting to Yuan Tan but sent it to Cao Cao and defected. Attacked Xin Ye with his brother but was slain by Zhao Yun.
Lü Qian (Zike); Lifespan Unlisted An officer of Cao Cao. He was nominated by Liu Ye to Cao Cao’s service along with Man Chong. He participated in numerous battles, mainly protecting the back of Cao Cao’s army.
Lü Xiang; Lived AD ?–207 Lü Kuang’s younger brother. He always did everything together with his older brother. After surrendering to Cao Cao, he fought Liu Bei in Xin Ye while serving Cao Ren, but was killed by Zhang Fei.
Ma Jun (Deheng); Lifespan Unlisted This Wei officer oversaw the construction of Chong Hua’s palace under Cao Rui’s orders. He had a gift for inventing weapons and contraptions.
Ma Teng (Shoucheng); Lived AD ?–212 Prefect of Xi Liang in the late Han. A descendant of the famed Ma Yuan. Joined Dong Cheng’s assassination plot against Cao Cao. Hoped to carry out the plot when later invited to the capital by Cao Cao, but was found out and executed.
Ma Tie; Lived AD ?–212 Ma Teng’s third son. He joined his older brother Ma Xiu in following his father Ma Teng to Xu Chang. When his rebellion with Huang Kui was exposed, he was surrounded by Wei forces and died resisting.
Ma Xiu; Lived AD ?–212 Ma Teng’s second son. He followed his father to Xu Chang, who had been summoned by Cao Cao. However, his plan of rebellion was exposed leading to his capture and execution under Cao Cao.
Ma Zun; Lifespan Unlisted Prefect of Tian Shui. He was able to repel the Shu army through Jiang Wei’s strategy. However, he was forced to flee to Hu because Jiang Wei betrayed him under Zhuge Liang’s plot.
Man Chong (Boning); Lived AD ?–242 Minister of Wei. When Fan Castle was surrounded by Guan Yu, he recommended fighting to the death to Cao Ren and then successfully drove Guan Yu away. Also successfully checked Wu when they tried to take advantage of Shu’s northern campaign with an attack of their own.
Mao Jie (Xiaoxian); Lived AD 161–216 Minister under Cao Cao. Joined Cao Cao under recommendation from Man Chong. A skilled handler of domestic policies, he promoted the prioritization of agriculture. While stationed at Jing, he was chosen with Yu Jin as naval viceroy after the execution of Cai Mao.
Meng Da (Ziqing); Lived AD ?–228 Officer who served under Liu Zhang, Liu Bei, and Cao Pi. Assisted Liu Bei’s conquest of Shu, but surrendered to Cao Pi after his refusal of assistance that caused the death of Guan Yu. Tried to return to Shu after Cao Pi’s death but was cut down by Sima Hui.
Niu Jin; Lifespan Unlisted Officer under Cao Ren. In the battle against Wu, chased Gan Ning back to Yi Ling castle, but was surrounded and defeated by reinforcements under Zhou Yu. Regrouped and tried a night attack against Zhou Yu’s camp but was beaten again and suffered a great loss.
Pang De (Lingming); Lived AD ?–219 Officer of Wei. Served under Ma Chao, but severed ties when he became ill while Ma Chao was under Zhang Lu. Later served Cao Cao and fought a fierce battle with Guan Yu.
Pang Hui; Lifespan Unlisted Son of Pang De. He wept when his father left to fight Guan Yu. Later he joined Zhong Hui as Hui’s vassal when Hui campaigned against Shu.
Qian Hong; Lived AD 218–271 This Wei prefect of Long Xi participated in Deng Ai’s Shu Campaign. He defeated Zhuge Zhan’s troops with an ambush unit at the Battle of Mian Zhu Castle. He was appointed all the territories in Yi after Shu was suppressed.
Qin Lang (Yuanming); Lifespan Unlisted This Wei officer made a night attack on Zhuge Liang’s camp at the Wu Zhang Plains but was killed.
Qiu Ben; Lifespan Unlisted In the battle at Mian Zhu Gate, he recommended surrendering to Zhuge Zhan. Upon Zhuge Zhan’s refusal, he suggested a suprise attack to overwhelm the enemy.
Qiu Jian; Lifespan Unlisted This Wei officer was a trusted friend of Zhong Hui. He formerly served Hu Lie. He informed Hu Lie’s son, Hu Yuan, of the crisis when Zhong Hui had confined Hu Lie and others in order to carry out a rebellion.
Quan Duan; Lifespan Unlisted Quan Zong’s son and the older brother of Quan Yi. Ordered to defend Shou Chun, when Sun Chen responded to Zhuge Dan’s uprising. However, he surrendered with Quan Yi at the advice of Quan We.
Quan Yi; Lifespan Unlisted He was the son of Wu’s Quan Zong. He was sent by Sun Chen as reinforcements during Zhuge Dan’s revolt. He surrendered to Sima Zhao along with Quan Wei when Sun Chen retreated to Jian Ye.
Shao Ti (Yuanbo); Lifespan Unlisted This Wei officer advised Sima Zhao against giving military authority to the ambitious Zhong Hui. Zhong Hui was ordered to lead the campaign against Shu only to find out that Sima Zhao was aware of his ambitions.
Shen Dan (Yiju); Lived AD 188?–258? Wei officer and prefect of Shang Yong. Surrendered to Shu after Cao Cao abandoned Han Zhong. Served under Meng Da, and concinced him to surrender to Wei. Later killed Meng Da when Meng Da tried to return to Shu.
Shen Yi; Lifespan Unknown Shen Dan’s younger brother. Surrendered to Wei along with Meng Da, and became prefect of Jin Cheng. Later Meng Da wanted to return to Shu, so Shen Yi and his brother informed Sima Yi and killed Meng Da.
Shi Bao (Zhongrong); Lived AD ?–272 This officer served both Wei and Jin. He led an ambush unit in the campaign against Zhuge Dan, who had rebelled against Wei. Later he was appointed Cavalier General by Sima Yan of Jin.
Shi Zuan; Lifespan Unlisted An officer of Wei. He also led the advance forces with Deng Zhong during Deng Ai’s Shu campaign. He was appointed protector of Yi after Shu was suppressed.
Sima Fu (Shuda); Lived AD 180–272 Sima Yi’s younger brother. He remained loyal to Wei throughout his life. He shed tears at Cao Mao’s death, and continued to serve Wei’s Cao Huan even after Cao Huan was usurped by Sima Yan.
Sima Lang (Boda); Lived AD 171–217 Sima Yi’s older brother. Sima Yi and all seven of his brothers were renowned for their brilliance. According to history, he became as famous as Xun Shuang, Minister of Interior in late Han.
Sima Shi (Ziyuan); Lived AD ?–255 Minister of Wei and Sima Yi’s first son. Became grand general after his father’s death, often flaunting his authority. Banished Cao Fang, provoking a revolt by Guan Qiu Jian. Died from complications of a swollen eye. Posthumously named Emperor Jing Di.
Sima Wang (Zichu); Lived AD 205–271 Sima Fu’s son, but was adopted by Sima Lang. He fought against Shu as a member of Deng Ai’s men. He was appointed Minister of Interior when Sima Yan became king. He was known to be a greedy officer.
Sima Yan (Anshi); Lived AD 236–290 First emperor of Jin and oldest son of Sima Zhao. Forced the abdication of Wei Emperor Cao Huan and took his place. Attacked Wu at the recommendation of Yang Hu and Du Yu, forcing Emperor Sun Hao to submit and reuniting the land. Named Emperor Jin Wu.
Sima Yi (Zhongda); Lived AD 179–251 Minister of Wei. Served the fourth generation of the Cao clan and founded the Jin dynasty. Passed through Shu’s defenses and claimed victory over the kingdom. Fought with Cao Shuang and took control of Wei. Posthumously named Emperor Xuan.
Sima You (Dayou); Lived AD ?–C. 283 Second son of Sima Zhao. Became heir to his uncle Sima Shi, who was childless. Person of mild-mannered character who expected to be appointed as a king, but was passed over because of his young age.
Sima Zhao (Zishang); Lived AD 211–265 Minister of Wei and Sima Yi’s second son. Flaunted his authortu along with his older brother Sima Shi. Succeeded to the position of grand general following his brother’s death. Conquered Shu in year 263 to become king of Jin but died of illness. Posthumously named Emperor Wen.
Song Xian; Lived ?–200 He joined Hou Cheng and Wei Xu in surrendering to Cao Cao after witnessing Hou Cheng get beaten for a trivial offense. He was later killed by Yan Liang during a battle against Yuan Shao’s army.
Su You; Lifespan Unknown An officer of Yuan Shang. He defended the Ji Province with Shen Pei. As Cao Cao closed in on Ji Province, he was about to surrender but fled when Shen Pei realized what he was up to.
Sun Li (Deda); Lived AD ?–250 An officer of Wei. He is attributed for slaying a tiger that leaped at Cao Rui while hunting on Mt. Da Shi. He campaigned against Shu under Cao Zhen and Sima Yi.
Tang Zi; Lifespan Unlisted An officer of Wu. He was sent as reinforcements when Zhuge Dan revolted against the Sima family. He joined Wei after being defeated and captured. He later rose to an important position in the Wei army.
Tian Chou (Zitai); Lived AD C. 169–214 He was summoned by Cao Cao, who was seeking someone familiar with the northern territories, and guided Cao Cao to Wuwan. His service and loyalty to the Yuan family earned him a promotion.
Tian Yu (Guorang); Lived AD ?–C. 250 This Wei officer joined Xiang Yang under Cao Rui’s orders when the Wu army invaded north in combined effort with Zhuge Liang’s Fifth Northern Campaign. Lu Xun retreated after his ploy fell.
Wang Can (Zhongxuan); Lived AD 177–217 Minister under Liu Biao. After Liu Biao’s death, he and Kuai Yue suggested to Liu Zong that they surrender to Cao Cao. Under Cao Cao, he later hearned an official title. Was a skilled writer and one of the Jian An Seven.
Wang Chang (Wenshu); Lived AD ?–259 He led tens of thousands of men in an invasion of the southern district of Wu. However, he decided it wasn’t opportune to attack Ding Feng and withdrew his forces.
Wang Hun (Xuanchong); Lifespan Unlisted Advised Sima Yan, who had received advice to attack Wu, to wait one year for the kingdom of Wu to collapse on its own accord. When the Wu campaign began, he led the army as First East Grand General.
Wang Ji (Boxing); Lived AD 190–261 Officer of Wei. Subdued the revolt of Guanqiu (Wuqiu) Jian. Led the vanguard against Zhuge Dan’s revolt, defeating Zhu Yi and Tang Zi and killing Yu Quan. Said to be a master of divinations. Became guardian of the south.
Wang Jing (Yanwei); Lived AD ?–260 Protector of Yong. He lost to Jiang Wei’s army, but was rescued by Chen Tai and Deng Ai. He later became a minster, but was executed with his mother when Cao Mao raised an army to execute Sima Zhao.
Wang Lang (Yingxing); Lived ?–228 Minsiter of Wei. Previously a prefect under Hui Ji in late Han. Later served under Cao Cao and, with Hua Xin, pressured abdication on Emperor Xian. Was beated so badly in a debate with Zhuge Liang at Wei Shui, that he died from the humiliation.
Wang Ling (Yanyun); Lived AD ?–251 This Wei officer was Wang Yun’s nephew. He only appears on historical records. He followed Zhang Liao in attacking Sun Quan’s army. He staged a coup d’etat, which was quelled by Sima Yi and committed suicide.
Wang Ping (Zijun); Lived AD ?–248 Officer of Shu and former general of Wei. Surrendered to Shu when he was faced by Xu Huang at the battle of Han Zhong. Participated in the southern and northern campaigns and acted as Ma Su’s second at Jie Ting, where he fought hard and bravely in the ultimately lost battle.
Wang Qi (Kongshi); Lifespan Unknown Minister of Wei and prefect of Tian Shui. Ordered by Deng Ai to join the subjugation of Shu. Defeated Zhuge Zhan at the battle of Mian Zhu and took Mian Zhu Castle. Returned to his home in Tian Shui after the fall of Shu.
Wang Shuang (Ziquan); Lived AD ?–229 Skilled officer under Cao Zhen. Fought using a sixty-pound poleaxe and a shooting star. Fought with Shu at Chen Cang, where he inflicted a fatal wound on Zhang Yi with an arrow. Continued his pursuit but was cut down by Wei Yan.
Wang Su (Ziyong); Lived AD 195–256 The son of Wang Lang. During the Wu Qiu Jian uprising, he advised Sima Shi to lower the rebel’s moral by treating their families courteously. He entreated Cao Mao to allow Sima Zhao to succeed.
Wang Tao; Lifespan Unlisted Minsiter of records under Sima Zhao. Met Jiang Wei in battle at Mt. Tie Long. When water became scarce, he suggested praying for a spring, in accordance with late Han tradition.
Wang Xiang (Xiuzheng); Lived AD 180–268 Grand commander of Wei. He and many other Wei officials saw off Deng Ai and Zhong Hui on their way to attack Shu. Encouraged Sima Zhao to select his oldest son, Sima Yan, as his heir in order to avoid infighting amongst his children.
Wang Xiu (Shuzhi); Lived AD ?–C. 216 Served Yuan Tan as a minister of Qing. After Yuan Tan was beheaded, he defied Cao Cao’s orders and showed his gried over Yuan Tan’s death. Impressed with his faithfulness, Cao Cao promoted him.
Wang Zhong; Lifespan Unlisted This officer of Cao Cao headed out with Liu Dai to attack Liu Bei, but was captured by Guan Yu. After his release he was almost executed by Cao Cao, but was saved by Kong Rong’s intervention.
Wei Guan (Boyu); Lived AD 220–291 Served as inspector for Zhong Hui’s force. He captured Deng Ai and his son after the fall of Shu. When Zhong Hui rebelled, he killed Zhong Hui and Jiang Wei, and had Tian Xu kill Deng Ai and his son.
Wei Xu; Lived ?–200 Joined Hou Cheng and Song Xian in betraying Lü Bu and surrendering to Cao Cao. He challenged Yan Liang to a duel at the Battle of Bai Ma, but was quickly slain.
Wen Hui (Manji); Lifespan Unlisted Administer of Wei. After successful performance as a local official in late Han, returned to the capital and became prime minister or records. Cao Cao took notice of his service and promoted him to many other important positions, including protector of Yang.
Wen Pin (Zhongye); Lifespan Unlisted Officer under Liu Biao. Surrendered to Cao Cao with Liu Zong, but failed to report for duty out of shame. Cao Cao sympathized with him and made him prefect of Xia Kou.
Wen Qin (Zhongruo); Lived AD ?–257 Officer of Wei and protector of Yang. Enraged at Sima Shi’s wanton displacement of Emperor Cao Fang, raised a revolt with Guanqiu Jian. Was defeated and fled to Wu, but was killed by a suspicious Zhuge Dan.
Wen Yang; Lifespan Unknown Son of Wen Qin. His real name was When Shu [Wen Shu], but he carried “Yang” from his childhood name into adulthood. A skilled officer often compared to Zhao Yun. Assisted Guanqiu Jian’s revolt against Sima Shi. After his father’s death he joined Wei.
Wu Zhi (Jizhong); Lived AD ?–230 Adviser to Cao Pi, who was vying with Cao Zhi for a higher position. He hid in a silk hamper to sneak into Cao Zhi’s estate, but word of this got out so he refilled the hamper with silk and averted disaster.
Xi Zhicai; Lifespan Unlisted He served Cao Cao at the recommendation of Xun Yu. He was a brilliant tactician and played an important role though he died young. Xun Yu recommended Guo Jia to succeed Xi. He was a historical figure.
Xiahou Ba (Zhongquan); Lived AD ?–262 Officer who served Wei and Shu. First son of Xiahou Yuan. Fled to Shu in fear of his own life when Cao Shuang was executed by Sima Yi. Later served the army during Jiang Wei’s northern campaigns.
Xiahou De; Lived AD ?–218 Nephew of Xiahou Dun, and older brother of Xiahou Shang. Defended Mt. Tian Dang. Struck by a fire attack and—while distracted attempting to extinguish the flames—slain by Shu general Yan Yan.
Xiahou Dun (Yuanrang); Lived AD ?–220 Officer of Wei and relative of Cao Cao. Lost his left eye to one of Cao Xing’s arrows in the battle with Lü Bu, but afterwar went on the lead armies troughout the land. As though to follow his lord and relative, died of illness shortly after Cao Cao’s death.
Xiahou En; Lived AD 167–208 A close associate of Cao Cao. He took care of Cao Cao’s famous blade. He was killed by Zhao Yun when he tried to pillage Chang Ban Po, and the sword was taken from him.
Xiahou He (Yiquan); Lifespan Unlisted Officer of Wei and fourth son of Xiahou Yuan. An eloquent speaker well versed in the Art of War. Marched into battle under Sima Yi and face off against the army of Shu, led by Zhuge Liang.
Xiahou Hui (Zhiquan); Lifespan Unlisted Officer of Wei and Xiahou Yuan’s third son. Famous for his literary genius from a young age. Marched into battle with his younger brother Xiahou He and contributed among the front lines in battle against the army of Shu.
Xiahou Mao (Zixiu); Lifespan Unlisted Officer of Wei. Son of Xiahou Yuan, adopted by Xiahou Dun (though he was Xiahou Dun’s real child according to official history). Met the attacking Shu forces in battle but was defeated. Fled to Hu, from where he never returned.
Xiahou Shang (Boren); Lived AD ?–225 Officer Shang of Wei and nephew of Xiahou Dun. Taken prisoner at the battle of Mt. Ding Jun but was returned to Wei in exchange for Chen Shi. Later attacked Wu under Cao Zhen but was defeated by Lu Xun.
Xiahou Wei (Jiquan); Lifespan Unlisted Officer under Wei and second son of Xiahou Yuan. Under recommendation by Sima Yi, participated in battle against Shu as vanguard with his older brother Xiahou Ba. Later marched in the subjugation of Gongsun Yuan.
Xiahou Xuan (Taichu); Lived AD ?–254 Minister of Wei and son of Xiahou Shang. Along with Li Feng, was ordered by Wei Emperor Cao Fang to assassinate Sima Shi. However, the plot was quickly discovered and he was executed by having his body cut in half across the lower abdomen.
Xiahou Yuan (Miaocai); Lived AD ?–219 Officer of Wei and Xiahou Dun’s cousin. A commander of Cao Cao’s army from it’s inception. Though especially skilled at surprise attacks, he was tricked by Fa Zheng of Shu at Mt. Ding Jun and slain by Huang Zhong.
Xin Chang (Taiyong); Lifespan Unlisted The child of Xin Pi, and Cao Shuang’s tactician. When Sima Yi started a rebellion, he hurried to serve Cao Shuang. These decisions were respected, and he was given back his old post.
Xin Pi (Zuozhi); Lived 171–? Minister of Wei and younger brother of Xin Ping. Served the Yuan family and advised Yuan Tan, but joined Cao Cao after the Yuans were wiped out. Delivered an imperial edict to the Wei army when it faced Zhuge Liang at the Wu Zhang Plains to stop them from advancing.
Xu Chu (Zhongkang); Lived AD 170–2? Officer of Wei. Was hired as a bodyguard by Cao Cao, who was impressed by his ability in a fight with Dian Wei and Hu Jiao. Though careless in everyday life, was a courageous warrior in battle, thus earning the nickname “Foolish Tiger.”
Xu Huang (Gongming); Lived AD 169–227 Officer of Wei. Served under Yang Feng but was convinced by Man Chong to submit to Cao Cao. His intelligence gave him a pivotal role in many battles. Wei’s subduer of the south.
Xu Miao (Jingshan); Lived AD 172–249 He was protector of Liang during the First Northen Campaign. An avid drinker, he once broke the prohibition law, but cleverly managed to explain his way out of it. He was a historical figure.
Xu Shu (Yuanzhi); Lived C. 170–C. 232-4 Pupil of Sima Hui. Master of fencing. Acted as strategist under Liu Bei but submitted to serving Cao Cao after the latter kidnapped his mother. Recommended that Liu Bei employ Zhuge Liang.
Xu Yi; Lived ?–263 Wei officer and son of Xu Zhu. Became Zhong Hui’s vassal during the Shu Campaign. Was placed in charge of road maintenance and then beheaded after Zhong Hui lost his footing when walking on one of the roads.
Xu You (Ziyuan); Lived AD ?–204 Staff officer under Yuan Shao. Formerly a friend of Cao Cao’s, he surrendered during the battle of Guan Du and told Cao Cao about the supply base at Wu Chao. Cao Cao’s army, which was on the verge of defeat, used this information to score a stunning victory instead.
Xu Zhi; Lifespan Unlisted He was a master at using the great axe. He was praised by Sima Shi for his bravery. He fought against Liao Hua and Zhang Yi and forced them to retreat. He fought Jiang Wei at Mt. Tie Long, but was killed.
Xun Yi (Jingqian); Lifespan Unlisted The son of Xun Yu. He appeased Chen Tai, who had been refusing to help after Sima Zhao murdered Cao Mao in 260. He later suggested to Sima Zhao that he adopt his nephew.
Xun You (Gongda); Lived AD 157–214 Minister under Cao Cao and nephew of Xun Yu. Skilled in the art of war, he acted as an adviser on many battlefields. He and Cheng Yu were both appointed as advisers for the battle of Chi Bi.
Xun Yu (Wenruo); Lived AD 163–212 Minister under Cao Cao. A wise man whom Cao Cao called “My own Zhang Liang,” in reference to a famed strategist of early Han. Opposed the establishment of Wei and died of illness-or possibly suicide-shortly after.
Yan Pu; Lived AD ?–C. 230 Minister and adviser under Zhang Lu. Warned Zhang Lu against slaying Pang De based on slander spread by Yang Song. Was made a lorde after Zhang Lu submitted to Cao Cao.
Yan Rou; Lifespan Unlisted This Wei officer was captured by Wuwan as a child. He usurped Wuwan’s position with the help of Xian Bei. He later joined Cao Cao and campaigned against Wuwan. He was a historical figure.
Yan Xing (Yanming); Lifespan Unlisted Son-in-law of Han Sui. A skilled officer who cornered Ma Chao during the battle with Ma Teng. Advised Han Sui to join Cao Cao, but Han Sui had already allied with Ma Chao and drove him away. He then ran off to join Cao Cao alone.
Yang Fu (Yishan); Lived AD ?–C. 235 This tactician of Liang revolted against Ma Chao, and drove Ma Chao out with the help of Xiahou Yuan. He advised retreat when Cao Zhen’s invasion of Shu encountered trouble at Chang Yu.
Yang Xiu (Dezu); Lived AD 175–219 Minister under Cao Cao and son of Yang Biao. Possessed talent, but was neglected by Cao Cao. Said to have been disliked because he was a nephew of Yuan Shu and because he influenced Cao Zhi.
Yang Yi (Weigong); Lived AD ?–235 Minister of Shu. Participated in the northern campaign. Did not get along well with Wei Yan, and was one of the reasons for Wei Yan’s revolt for directly opposing him after Zhuge Liang’s death. Was ultimately expelled from court for complaining about his rank.
Yang Zuo; Lifespan Unlisted He led a front of 80,000 troops along with Bei Yan. He engaged Sima Yi in a protracted battle, but was lured out by Sima Yi and defeated. After his failure against Sima Yi, he fled from place to place.
Yin Damu; Lifespan Unlisted This Wei vassal earned the trust of Grand General Cao Shuang. When Wen Qin and Wu Qiujian revolted, he acted as an emissary to try and stop his friend Wen Qin, but was unable to and returned in tears.
Yin Shang; Lifespan Unlisted Minister of Tian Shui. During the first Northern Campaign, he surrendered because his friend Jiang Wei surrendered to Shu. He later became Capital Minister.
Yu Jin (Wenze); Lived AD ?–221 Distinguished officer under Cao Cao. Followed Cao Cao since he first raised his army, and participated in numerous battles. Ranked alongside the great Zhang Liao and Xu Huang, but surrendered to Guan Yu in the battle of Fan Castle. Scorned by Cao Pi and died of his own resentment.
Yue Chen; Lived AD ?–257 Son of Yue Jin. He actively campaigned against Shu. During Zhuge Dan’s insurrection, he was attacked and killed by Zhuge Dan for accepting a secret letter from Jia Chong.
Yue Jin (Wenqian); Lived AD 159–218 Distinguished officer under Cao Cao. Followed Cao Cao since he first raised his army, and participated in numerous battles. Praised as an equal of the famed warriors Zhang Liao, Yu Jin, Xu Huang, and Zhang He.
Zang Ba (Xuangao); Lived AD C. 162–C. 230 Servant of Tao Qian who participated in subduing the Yellow Turbans. Later fought in numerous batlles under Lü Bu. In the battle against Cao Cao, he presented a strong resistance with the help of a gang of brigands. Submitted to Cao Cao after Lü Bu’s defeat and death.
Zhang Chunhua; Lived AD 189–247 The wife of Sima Yi and mother to Shi and Zhao. She became the first Empress of Jin. When Sima Yi was ill, she went to visit him. When refused entrance, she refused to eat. After her sons had also refused to eat, Sima Yi apologized.
Zhang He (Junyi); Lived AD 167–231 Officer of Wei. Served under Yuan Shao, but a plot of Guo Tu’s force him and Gao Lan to submit to Cao Cao. Acted mostly in the campaign against Shu, aand surrounded and eliminated Ma Su at the battle of Jie Ting.
Zhang Hong (Zigang); Lived AD 153–212 Minister of Wu. A strategist known as one of “the two Zhangs” along with Zhang Zhao. Employed at Zhou Yu’s recommendation and participated in the battles of Chi Bi and He Fei. At his death, he advised to transfer the capital to Jian Ye.
Zhang Hu; Lifespan Unlisted This Wei officer was the son of the famous general Zhang Liao. He attacked Qi Shan’s Shu forces by night, but was defeated. He participated in the Gongsun Yuan campaign under Sima Yi.
Zhang Liao (Wenyuan); Lived AD 169–222 Officer of Wei. Fought throughout the land under Lü Bu and served Cao Cao after Lü Bu’s death. In defense of He Fei, held off a Wu army of 100,000 with only 800 men of his own.
Zhang Lu (Gongqi); Lived AD ?–216 Founder of the Five Pecks of Rice movement. Raised a force throughout China’ central region. Fought Cao Cao and lost, but was allowed to live for having not burned Cao Cao’s storehouses. Surrendered and became the guardian of the south.
Zhang Miao (Mengzhuo); Lived AD 155–195 Prefect of Chen Liu. Led an army during the subjugation of Dong Zhuo. Was a close friend of Cao Cao’s, but rebelled against him at the siggestion of Chen Gong. Captured Yan with the help of Lü Bu, but was ultimately defeated.
Zhang Qiu; Lifespan Unlisted This Wei officer fought at He Fei under Cao Rui against the Wu army., which was acting on concert with Zhuge Liang’s Fifth Northern Campaign. He attacked Zhuge Jin’s fleet with fire and repelled them.
Zhang Shao; Lifespan Unlisted Zhang Fei’s second son. He and Qiao Zhou handed the imperial seal to Deng Ai when Shu surrendered. He followed Liu Chan in his move to Luo Yang after Zhong Hui’s death, and was praised by Lie Hou.
Zhang Te (Zichan); Lifespan Unlisted This Wei general defended He Fei Xin Castle. When the castle was surrounded by Wu troops and about to fall, he faked surrender and continued his resistance until the Wu army retreated.
Zhang Xiu; Lived AD ?–207 Nephew of Zhang Ji. Folowing Zhang Ji’s death, he led his uncles army and cooperated with Liu Biao. Fought against Cao Cao and scored many victories with the help of his strategist Jia Xu. Later joined Cao Cao at Jia Xu’s advice and became a valued officer.
Zhang Yan (Zijie); Lifespan Unlisted The leader of the Black Mountains. He led an army of 100,000 troops and surrendered to Cao Cao. Cao Cao appointed him as 2nd North General and ordered him to secure his northern position.
Zhang Yun; Lived AD ?–208 Close friend of Cai Mao. He surrendered along with Cai Mao to Cao Cao, and became vice admiral of Cao Cao’s navy. He was suspected of rebellion as part of a scheme of Zhou Yu’s, and was executed with Cai Mao.
Zhao Fan; Lifespan Unlisted Prefect of Gui Yang. Surrendered to Zhao Yun, who attacked Gui Yang after the battle of Chi Bi. Unintentionally sparked Zhao Yun’s rage by suggesting Zhao Yun marry his older brother’s widow.
Zhong Hui (Shiji); Lived AD 207–264 Officer of Wei. Youngest son of Zhong Yao. A confidant of Sima Shi and Sima Zhao who attacked and conquered Shu with Deng Ai. Plotted with Jiang Wei to declare independence but failed and was slain by Wei soldiers.
Zhong Yao (Yuanchang); Lived AD 151–230 Minister of Wei and [father of Zhong Hui]. Entrusted to guard Chang An but lost it to a fierce attack by Ma Chao. Promoted to grand teacher after Cao Rui took the throne.
Zhong Yu (Zhishu); Lifespan Unlisted Elder brother of Zhong Hui. At the age of eight, he and Zhong Hui met Cao Pi. Hi whole face was covered in sweat and he explained, “Whenever I am frightened, I cannot stop sweating.”
Zhou Tai; Lived AD ?–261 This Wei vassal served as protector of Yan. He was in charge of the army’s right flank against Zhuge Dan. Following Zhong Hui’s plan, he lured out the enemy then ambushed Shi Bao, securing victory.
Zhou Xin (Daming); Lived AD 159–197 Officer to Wang Lang. He helped Wang Lang fight Taishi Ci, but was attacked from the rear and fled into a castle. He then went out to pursue General Yan, fell into a trap and was killed.
Zhu Ling (Wenbo); Lifespan Unlisted Cao Cao’s officer. Followed Liu Bei on an inspecting mission during the Yuan Shu Campaign, but failed and returned to his own camp. It’s said he was constantly despised by Cao Cao.
Zhuge Dan (Gongxiu); Lived AD ?–258 Guardian of the east of Wei and cousin of Zhuge Liang. Opposed Sima Zhao’s dominance and caused a revolt with help from Wu, but failed and was killed aling with hundreds of his followers.
Zhuge Xu; Lived ?–273 This protector of Yong participated in Deng Ai’s campaign against Shu. He tried to cut off Jiang Wei’s retreat, but failed. He was almost executed before he was turned over to Sima Zhao.
Kingdom of Shu
(Rulers: Liu Bei, Liu Shan)
Cao Bao; Lived AD ?–196 A vassal of Tao Qian. When Cao Cao invaded Xu, he met Xiahou Dun for a duel but was forced to retreat by a powerful gale. Later he served Liu Bei, but was killed fighting Zhang Fei.
Chen Dao (Shuzhi); Lived 175–? Joined Liu Bei at Yu, and fought in numerous battles across the land. He was second only to Zhao Yun in his reputation as a fierce and loyal warrior. He was a historical figure.
Chen Deng (Yuanlong); Lifespan Unknown Son of Chen Gui. Joined Liu Bie [Liu Bei] when Liu Bei received Xu from Tao Qian. When Liu Bei suffered a great loss to Cao Cao, he surrendered and attained the rank of prefect.
Chen Gui (Hanyu); Lifespan Unknown Father of Chen Deng. His loyalty guided him to plot with Cao Cao and betray Lü Bu. He and his son Chen Deng manipulated Lü Bu, contributing to Liu Bei and Cao Cao’s victory.
Chen Shi; Lived C. 181–? He was taken prisoner at Mt. Ding Jun, but was exchanged for Xiahou Shang and returned to his camp. He was blamed for the defeat of the Third Northern Campaign and beheaded.
Chen Zhen (Xiaoqi); Lived AD 175–235 Minister Under [under] Liu Bei. Originally served Yuan Shao. Delivered Liu Bei’s letter to Guan Yu when Liu Bei was serving Yuan Shao. Was called to serve Liu Bei when Liu Bei became governor of Jing.
Deng Zhi (Bomiao); Lived AD ?–251 Minister of Shu. After Liu Bei’s death, he traveled to Wu as an envoy and successfully sealed an alliance. Led the vanguard in the northern campaign along with Zhao Yun. Famous for both his bravery and wit
Dong He (Youzai); Lived AD ?–221 This vassal of Liu Bei formerly served Liu Zhang. He advised Liu Zhang to seek reinforcements from Zhang Lu when Liu Bei’s army invaded. After Liu Bei invaded Shu, he was made minister.
Dong Yun (Xiuzhao); Lived ?–246 Minister of Shu. One of the four prime ministers along with Zhuge Liang, Jiang Wan, and Fei Yi. A modest and fair man who also administered audiences with the throne. While he was alive, even the eunuch Huang Hao—who eventually cauesd the fall of Shu—was kept under control.
Fa Zheng (Xiaozhi); Lived AD 174–219 Minister under Liu Bei. Originally served Liu Zhang. Planned Liu Bei’s conquest of Shu with Zhang Song. An accomplished schemer, he acted as staff adviser in the battle of Han Zhong. It is said that had Fa Zheng lived, Liu Bei would not have failed at Yi Ling.
Fan Jian (Changyuan); Lived AD C. 225–? This Shu vassal participated as a civil official in the Southern and Northern Campaigns. He was sent along with Liu Chan to Kuo Yang after Shu collapsed. He was appointed officer by Sima Zhao.
Fei Shi (Gongju); Lived 176–? Minister of Shu. Originally served Liu Biao, but joined Lu Bei [Liu Bei] after he claimed Shu. Traveled to Jing to report Guan Yu’s appointment as one of the Five Tiger Generals. Watched over Cheng Du during Shu’s first northern campaign.
Fei Yi (Wenwei); Lived AD ?–253 Minister of Shu. Remained in Cheng Du with Jiang Wan during the northern campaign. He and Jiang Wan also directed domestic affairs following Zhuge Liang’s death, when he was appointed as minister of letters.
Feng Xi (Xiuyuan); Lived ?–222 Served Shu as colonel in Guan Yu’s [Liu Bei’s] Battle for Revenge. He surrounded Wu general Sun Huan’s forces, but was defeated by Lu Xun’s fire attack. He died in battle with his colleague Zhang Nan.
Fu Qian; Lived AD ?–263 He was Fu Tong’s son. He was accredited for killing Li Peng and Wang Zhen in battle. He defended against invading Wei troops at Yang Ping Gate, but Colonel Jiang Shu surrendered. He died in combat.
Fu Shiren (Junyi); Lived ?–222 He was posted at Gong An and guarded Guan Yu’s troops from the rear, but was attacked and defeated by the Wu army. He tried to submit to Shu again at Yi Ling, but was denied and executed.
Fu Tong; Lived AD ?–222 He fought ferociously against Wu’s hordes, and in his final moments screamed “Han’s mighty general shall never submit to the dogs of Wu!” whereupon he coughed up blood and died a warrior’s death.
Gao Ding (Yuan); Lived AD ?–225 Prefect of Yue Jun. He revolted along with Yong Kai, but fell prey to Zhuge Liang’s rumors designed to alienate him from Yong Kai, and surrendered. He was made prefect for killing Yong Kai and Zhu Bao.
Gao Xiang; Lived AD C. 194–? He participated in Zhuge Liang’s Northern Campaign/ In a scheme of Zhuge Liang’s, he allowed the Wei army to capture the wooden ox, which he used to transfer supplies, on purpose.
Gong Du; Lived ?–201 Officer of the Yellow Turbans. After the Yellow Turbans’ defeat, led a gnag of bandits in Ru Nan. Cooperated with Liu Bei and Yuan Shao at the battle of Guan Du by attacking the rear of Cao Cao’s army. Was struck down by Xiahou Yuan.
Gong Zhi; Lifespan Unknown Prefect of Wu Ling under Jin Xuan. Recommended surrender when Zhang Fei invaded, but his advice was ignored. When Jin Xuan returned to the castle after defeat by Zhang Fei, Gong Zhi took Jin Xuan’s head and surrendered. Remained prefect of Wu Ling.
Guan Ping; Lived AD 182–219 Officer under Liu Bei. Second son of Guan Ding, adopted by Guan Yu. Defended Jing with his father after Liu Bei conquered Shu. Captured and executed by the Wu army at Mai Castle. No record of his adoption exists in authorized history.
Guan Suo; Lifespan Unknown Officer of Shu and third son of Guan Yu. Injured during the fall of Jing, but escaped to Bao Jia Zhuang, where he recovered. Returned to Shu and led the vanguard in the southern campaign, successfully capturing Meng Huo.
Guan Tong; Lifespan Unknown Guan Xing’s son and Guan Yu’s grandson. He succeeded his father in service to the Empire. He later married a daughter of the Imperial Court. He was a historical figure.
Guan Xing (Anguo); Lived AD 193–2? Officer of Shu and second son of Guan Yu. Avenged his father’s death as part of the army raised by Liu Bei to subdue Wu. Swore brotherhood with Zhang Fei’s son Zhang Bao, fighting alongside him in the northern campaign.
Guan Yi; Lived ?–264 Guan Xing’s child. He succeeded the family because Guan Tong, the rightful heir, was childless. He was killed by a Wei soldier duriing Zhong Hhui’s revolt. He was the Marquis of Han Shou Ting.
Guan Yu (Yunchang); Lived AD 162–219 Head of the Five Tiger Generals of Shu. Swore brotherhood with Liu Bei and Zhang Fei. Exceptionally strong, he was said to be the equal of 10,000 men. He protected Jing after Liu Bei conquered Shu, but was caught and killled by the Wu forces.
Guo Youzhi (Yanchang); Lived AD C. 190–? Minister of Shu. In Zhuge Liang’s proclamation before the northern campaign, he was listed as loyal and faithful along with Dong Yun and Fei Yi. Entrusted with all the matters of the imperial court.
Han Xuan; Lived AD 163–C. 209 Short-tempered prefect of Chang Sha. Accused his officer Huang Zhong of treason for missing a chance to slay Guan Yu and sentenced him to death. However, he was killed by Wei Yan before he could carry out the execution.
Hu Ban; Lifespan Unknown Minister of Wang Zhi. He was ordered to burn the fleeing Guan Yu to death but he broke his orders and let Guan Yu escape. He later called on Guan Yu and went Jing to serve Liu Bei.
Hu Ji (Weidu); Lifespan Unknown This Shu officer participated in Zhuge Liang’s First Northern Campaign. He acted as a rear guard in Jiang Wei’s Northern Campaing of 258, defending Han Shou Castle.
Huang Chong; Lived C. 222–263 Son of Huang Quan. When Huang Quan yielded to Wei, he remained with Shu. At the time Deng Ai invaded Shu, he defended Mian Zhu Guan with Zhuge Zhan, but died in battle.
Huang Hao; Lived AD ?–264 Eunuch of Shu. Beloved by Liu Chan, he quickly seized power at court. Tried to demote Jiang Wei in favor of his confidant, Yan Yu. After the fall of sShu, he was executed for the crime of corrupting the court.
Huang Quan (Gongheng); Lifespan Unlisted Officer who served both Shu and Wei. Under Liu Bei, he led the Shu navy against Wu but was isolated when the army’s main unit fell and was forced to submit to Wei. Despite switching sides, however, he was always loyal to Liu Bei.
Huang Zhong (Hansheng); Lived AD ?–220 Officer of Shu. Served Liu Biao and Han Xuan. Under Han Xuan, led a fierce battle against Guan Yu. Submitted to Liu Bei and acted as leader of an army. Following establishment of Shu, became on of the Five Toget Generals.
Huo Jun (Zhongmiao); Lived AD 178–217 An officer of Liu Biao. He served Liu Bei when Liu Bei ruled over Jing. He defended Jia Meng Guan along with Meng Da. He was the father of the Shu officer Huo Yi.
Huo Yi (Shaoxian); Lifespan Unlisted Son of Huo Jun. When hearing that Cheng Du had surrendered, he put on some mourning attire and wept. He continued resisting at Jiang Ning, but later surrendered after securing the safety of Liu Chan.
Jian Yong (Xianhe); Lifespan Unlisted A minister under Liu Bei who hailed from the same region. Served Liu Bei from the raising of his army, and acted as envoy and adviser. After Liu Bei entered Shu he was appointed as “general of great virtue.” Was said to be of indifferent character.
Jiang Bin; Lifespan Unknown An officer of Shu. After participating in Jiang Wei’s Norther Campaign, he defended Han Castle. He capitulated after hearing that Zhong Hui’s invading force had taken Han Zhong
Jiang Shu; Lifespan Unknown Under the orders of Jiang Wei, he joined Fu Qian in defending the Yang Ping Gate during the Wei Campaign. He surrendered when Zhong Hui’s army attacked, handing over the outpost to Zhong Hui.
Jiang Wan (Gongyan); Lived AD ?–245 Minster of Shu. Joined Liu Bei at Jing and proved brilliant at domestic policy. Supported the armies rear in the campaign to the north. Became a grand general after Zhuge Liang’s death and took charge of Shu’s domestic affairs.
Jiang Wei (Boyue); Lived AD 202–264 Officer of Shu. Originally served Wei but surrendered to Shu during the first northern campaign. Entrusted with the strategies of the dying Zhuge Liang. Attacked the north nine times until Shu’s strength was completely used up.
King Shamoke; Lived ?–222 King of Wuqi-man. Had reddish hair and blue eyes. Helped Liu Bei attack Wu and shot Gan Ning dead with an arrow. Was then routed by a fire attack and pursued by Zhou Tai, who caught him and cut him down.
Lei Tong; Lived AD ?–218 Officer under Liu Zhang. Helped Wu Yi defend against Liu Bei’s army but was surrounded and submitted. Fought hard against Wei Officer Zhang He to defend Ba Xi but was killed in an ambush when attempting to retreat.
Leng Bao; Lifespan Unlisted He fought Wei Yan and Huang Zhong of Liu Bei’s forces along with Deng Xian. He was captured, but escaped after pretending allegiance to Liu Bei. When he was caught a second time he was executed.
Li Hui (De’ang); Lifespan Unlisted Minister of Shu. Foresaw the defeat of Liu Zhang and submitted to Liu Bei. When Ma Chao came to Liu Zhang’s aid, pursuaded him to join Liu Bei. Served in the southern and northern campaigns.
Li Yan (Zhengfang); Lived AD 185–234 Officer of Shu. Served under Liu Zhang but submitted to Liu Bei when he conquered Shu. Praised by Zhuge Liang as equal to Lu Xun, but saw his career ruined when he failed to deliver supplies during the northern campaign.
Liang Xu; Lifespan Unlisted Wei minister of Tian Shui and Jiang Wei’s friend. He surrendered to the Shu army and was appointed prefect of Tian Shui.
Liao Hua (Yuanjian); Lived C. 185–264 Officer of Shu and former Yellow Turban. Offered his services to Guan Yu but was turned away. He served later under Liu Bei, fighting several battles. Saw both the rise and fall of the Shu kingdom.
Liao Li (Gongyuan); Lifespan Unlisted Minister of Shu who served various posts including prefect. Later appointed guardian of Chang Shui, but was exiled for poor performance of duty. Cried when he learned of the death of Zhuge Liang.
Liu Ba (Zichu); Lived AD 173–222 He formerly served Liu Zhang. Out of loyalty to Liu Zhang, he did not go to Liu Bei to surrender. However, he later joined Liu Bei after he visited him in person. He also served in the Northern Campaign.
Liu Bei (Xuande); Lived AD 161–223 First emperor of Shu. Said to be a descenant of Liu Sheng, prince of Zhong Shan in early Han. First raised an army to help surprises [suppress] the yellow turbans and eventually settled one of the three kingdoms of the period. Renamed Emperor Xiao Lie.
Liu Chen; Lived ?–263 He opposed the plans of Qiao Zhou to surrender and was thrown out of court. Ashamed of the surrender of his kingdom, he commited suicide with his wife and children.
Liu Du; Lived 168–? Prefect of Ling Ling. Sent his son Liu Xian and Xing Daorong against and attack by Liu Bei. Surrendered when Liu Xian was defeated. Was then transferred as prefect of Liu Ren.
Liu Feng; Lived AD 192–220 Adopted son of Liu Bei. Was in charge of defenses at Shang Yong but refused Guan Yu’s request for assistance in the battle that claimed the lives of both Guan Yu and his son. Executed in Cheng Du by an enraged Liu Bei.
Liu Qi; Lived AD ?–209 First son of Liu Biao. His life was threatened by his stepmother, who favored his younger brother Liu Zong as heir. Zhuge Liang advised him to take on the post of administrator of Jiang Xia, which saved his life. Eventually became the protector of Jing province.
Liu Shan (Gongsi); Lived AD 207–271 Weak-willed second emperor of Shu. Indulged only in pleasure in his later years, and favored the eunuch Huang Hao. Solely responsible for the downfual of Shu, his childhood name later became a synonym for “fool”.
Liu Xian; Lifespan Unknown Liu Du’s son. He fought against Liu Bei’s army, but was taken alive by Zhang Fei and released on the condition he convince his father to surrender. He fulfilled his promise, and was allowed to serve Liu Bei.
Liu Xuan (Wenheng); Lived AD 224–264 Liu Chan’s eldest son. In 238, he became the crown prince. After the fall of Shu, he was caught up in Zhong Hui’s revolt and was killed.
Liu Xun; Lifespan Unlisted Oldest son of Liu Zhang. Gained permission from his father to attack Liu Bei in Cheng Du but was defeated. According to official history, he held off attacks from Liu Bei’s army for almost a year.
Liu Zhang (Jiyu); Lived AD ?–219 Governor of Yi in late Han. Son of Liu Yan. Hosted Liu Bei in preparation for an invasion by Zhang Lu, but was instead attacked by Liu Bei. He chose to surrender rather than make his people suffer through a war.
Lü Kai (Jiping); Lived AD 194–241 Minister of Shu and controller of Yong Chang. Defended Yong Chang from attack by Yong Kai. Presented Zhuge Liang with a map he had prepared of the Nanman land for use in the southern campaign and acted as guide during the march.
Ma Chao (Mengqi); Lived AD 176–222 Oldest son of Ma Teng. Led the army of [Xi Liang] in a surprise attack on Cao Cao to avenge his father’s murder but failed. He later submitted to Liu Bei and became one of the Five Tiger Generals.
Ma Dai; Lifespan Unknown Officer of Shu. Submitted to Liu Bei with his cousin Ma Chao. Led an army in campaigns to the north and south. Following Zhuge Liang’s death, quelled the rebellion of Wei Yan. Shu’s subduer of the north.
Ma Liang (Jichang); Lived AD 186–222 Minister of Shu. An intelligent youth also known as Bai Mei. Served Liu Bei with his younger brother Ma Su. Assisted in domestic affairs under Guan Yu in Jing. At the battle of Yi Ling, sent a map of the layout of camp to Zhuge Liang.
Ma Su (Youchang); Lived AD 190–228 Officer of Shu and younger brother of Ma Liang. Criticized by Liu Bei as incapable of handling important tasks. Acted as staff adviser in the southern campaign. Suffered a great loss when he disobeyed orders during the first attack on the north and was executed.
Meng Da (Ziqing); Lived AD ?–228 Officer who served under Liu Zhang, Liu Bei, and Cao Pi. Assisted Liu Bei’s conquest of Shu, but surrendered to Cao Pi after his refusal of assistance that caused the death of Guan Yu. Tried to return to Shu after Cao Pi’s death but was cut down by Sima Hui.
Mi Fang (Zifang); Lived AD 169–221 Officer under Liu Bei and younger brother of Mi Zhu. Protected Nan in Jing under Guan Yu. However, he was persuaded by his colleague to betray Guan Yu and submit to Wu. Later tried to return to Shu but was executed.
Mi Zhu (Zizhong); Lived AD 165–220 Minister under Liu Bei who originated as a wealthy merchant of Xu. Was an attendant to government inspections under Tao Qian, but follwing Tao Qian’s death he became one of Liu Bei’s advisers. After Liu Bei entered Shu, he was appointed general of maintaining order, a position higher even than Zhuge Liang’s.
Ning Sui; Lifespan Unlisted Jiang Wei’s Adjutant General. He advised Jiang Wei how to proceed, when he was cornered, having had his path of retreat cut of by Zhuge Xu. With this advice, the Shu army attacked the Yong Province
Pan Jun (Chengming); Lived AD ?–240 He was skilled in domestic affairs, but criticized for seeking only his own profit and for being untrustworthy. He surrendered when the Wu army invaded Jing during Guan Yu’s assault.
Pang Tong (Shiyuan); Lived AD 179–213 Adviser under Liu Bei. A colleague of Zhuge Liang also known as “Phoenix Fledgling.” Appointed supreme commander of tactics, but suffered an unfortunate death when shot by an arrow during battle.
Pang Xi; Lifespan Unlisted A vassal of Liu Zhang. He helped Zhang Lu as prefect of Han Zhong. He was selected to serve as a minister after Liu Bei invaded Shu.
Qiao Zhou (Yunnan); Lived AD C. 201–270 Minister of Shu who formerly served Liu Zhang. A gifted astrologer who often read the stars to guide Zhuge Liang’s dispatch of troops. Served in the court from the time Liu Bei became emperor to the fall of Shu.
Qin Mi (Zichi); Lived AD ?–226 He despised the arrogance of Jian Yong, Liu Bei’s emissary. Though he served Liu Bei, he was thrown in prison for criticizing the campaign against Wu. He later defeated Zhang Wen in a debate at a feast.
Shen Dan (Yiju); Lived AD 188?–258? Wei officer and prefect of Shang Yong. Surrendered to Shu after Cao Cao abandoned Han Zhong. Served under Meng Da, and concinced him to surrender to Wei. Later killed Meng Da when Meng Da tried to return to Shu.
Shen Yi; Lifespan Unknown Shen Dan’s younger brother. Surrendered to Wei along with Meng Da, and became prefect of Jin Cheng. Later Meng Da wanted to return to Shu, so Shen Yi and his brother informed Sima Yi and killed Meng Da.
Su Fei; Lifespan Unlisted He helped plan the transfer of Gan Ning, who wasn’t being taken seriously because of his past as a pirate. He was later captured by Sun Quan’s army, but was saved by Gan Ning, who had joined Sun Quan.
Sun Qian (Gongyou); Lifespan Unlisted Minster under Liu Bei. After Tao Qian’s death, he served Liu Bei as an adviser. A skilled diplomat, he also provided much help during Liu Bei’s rogue years. After Liu Bei entered Shu, his salary was second only to Mi Zhu.
Tian Yu (Guorang); Lived AD ?–C. 250 This Wei officer joined Xiang Yang under Cao Rui’s orders when the Wu army invaded north in combined effort with Zhuge Liang’s Fifth Northern Campaign. Lu Xun retreated after his ploy fell.
Wang Fu (Guoshan); Lived AD ?–222 When Guan Yu attacked Xiang Yang, he feared for the safety of Jing and warned Guan Yu. He defended Mai Castle after Guan Yu escaped and committed suicide upon learning that Guan Yu had been killed.
Wang Kang; Lifespan Unlisted Served Shu as prefect of Yong Chang. He was attacked by Yong Kai for not going along with Meng Huo’s scheme to revolt against Shu. He withstood the attack along with Lu Kai until Zhuge Liang’s arrival.
Wang Ping (Zijun); Lived AD ?–248 Officer of Shu and former general of Wei. Surrendered to Shu when he was faced by Xu Huang at the battle of Han Zhong. Participated in the southern and northern campaigns and acted as Ma Su’s second at Jie Ting, where he fought hard and bravely in the ultimately lost battle.
Wei Yan (Wenchang); Lived AD ?–234 Officer of Shu. Joined Liu Bei after serving Liu Biao, where his skills were second only the the Five Tiger Generals. Following Zhuge Liang’s death, came into conflict with Yang Yi, and was cut down by Ma Dai according to Zhuge Liang’s posthumous orders.
Wu Ban (Yuanxiong); Lived AD 171–234 Officer of Shu and relative of Wu Yi. Formerly served Liu Zhang. Led the vanguard in the campaign against Wu, winning many battles and surrounding Sun Huan at Yi Ling. In the northern campaign, he shot and killed both Zhang Hu and Yue Chen.
Wu Lan; Lived AD ?–218 Officer under Liu Bei. Originally served Liu Zhang but joined Liu Bei when Liu Bei entered Shu. Served under Ma Chao in the battle against Wei at Han Zhong. In the battle of Xie Gu, he fought against Cao Cao’s son Cao Zhang and was killed.
Wu Yi (Ziyuan); Lived AD ?–237 Officer of Shu and brother of Liu Zhang by marriage. Surrendered when Liu Bei invaded Shu. Afterward served under Liu Bei, while his sister became Liu Bei’s wife.
Xi Zheng (Lingxian); Lifespan Unlisted Minister of Shu. Looked after domestic affairs when Zhuge Liang left for the northern campaign. Was sent to Luo Yang after the fall of Shu. Warned Liu Chan not to squander his time at banquets even after he lost his kingdom. Was secretary of Shu.
Xiahou Ba (Zhongquan); Lived AD ?–262 Officer who served Wei and Shu. First son of Xiahou Yuan. Fled to Shu in fear of his own life when Cao Shuang was executed by Sima Yi. Later served the army during Jiang Wei’s northern campaigns.
Xiang Chong; Lived AD 1?–204 Officer of Shu and nephew of Xiang Lang. In Zhuge Liang’s proclamation before the northern campaign, he was judged as intelligent in military affairs and just in his actions and character. Placed in charge of the rear guard in the northern campaign.
Xiang Lang (Juda); Lived AD ?–247 This vassal of Liu Bei was Xiang Chong’s uncle. He originally supported Liu Biao, but joined Liu Bei after Liu Biao died. He served as adviser to Guan Yu, and was put in charge of defending Jing.
Xu Jing (Wenxiu); Lived AD ?–222 Minister of Shu. Swore allegiance to Liu Bei immediately after Liu Zhang announced his submission to Liu Bei. A master judge of character and famous along with his older brother Xu Zijiang. Was made an interior minister when Liu Bei declared himself Emperor.
Xu Shu (Yuanzhi); Lived C. 170–C. 232-4 Pupil of Sima Hui. Master of fencing. Acted as strategist under Liu Bei but submitted to serving Cao Cao after the latter kidnapped his mother. Recommended that Liu Bei employ Zhuge Liang.
Yan Yan; Lifespan Unlisted Officer under Liu Bei. Captured by Zhang Fei while serving Liu Zhang, and submitted because he was impressed by Zhang Fei’s character. Acted under Huang Zhong at the battle of Han Zhong.
Yan Yu (Wenping); Lived 209–? Served Shu as a Right General. He had a successful career as an aid of Huang Hao. He was going to fight on the front line in the war against Wei, but got cold feet after hearing rumors and gave up the endeavor.
Yang Hong (Jixiu); Lived AD ?–228 A member of Yuan Shu’s men. He admonished Yuan Shu by telling him the old tale of King Wen of Zhou, who rendered service to the Emperor, even though he possessed 2/3 of the land.
Yang Yi (Weigong); Lived AD ?–235 Minister of Shu. Participated in the northern campaign. Did not get along well with Wei Yan, and was one of the reasons for Wei Yan’s revolt for directly opposing him after Zhuge Liang’s death. Was ultimately expelled from court for complaining about his rank.
Yi Ji (Jibo); Lifespan Unlisted Minister of Shu. Originally a strategist of Liu Biao’s, he secretly went against his master and warned Liu Bei about the “Hax Mark” horse and Cai Mao’s assassination plot. After the battle of Chi Bi, he officially transferred to the service of Liu Bei. Was skilled with words.
Yin Mo (Siqian); Lived AD ?–C. 240 Minister of Shu. One of the many officials who urged Liu Bei to declare the position of emperor. Took charge of domestic affairs during Zhuge Liang’s first northern campaign. Also led the education of Liu Bei’s son, Liu Chan.
Yin Shang; Lifespan Unlisted Minister of Tian Shui. During the first Northern Campaign, he surrendered because his friend Jiang Wei surrendered to Shu. He later became Capital Minister.
Yong Kai; Lived AD ?–225 This prefect of Jian Ning joined Meng Huo and revolted against Shu. Zhuge Liang incited enmity between him and Gao Ding. He was later killed by Gao Ding’s servant He Huan, thereby ending the rebellion.
Zhang Bao; Lifespan Unlisted Officer of Shu and oldest son of Zhang Fei. Taking up his father’s sword, the Serpent Blade, he rushed to join the army for the first time in the battle of Yi Ling. Along with Guan Xing, helped to rally the army after the loss of Guan Yu and Zhang Fei.
Zhang Fei (Yide); Lived AD C. 167–221 On of the Five Tiger Generals of Shu. Swore brotherhood with Liu Bei and Guan Yu. Held off Cao Cao’s entire army all by himself at a bridge during the battle of Chang Ban Po.
Zhang Nan (Wenjin); Lived ?–222 An officer of Shu. He fought in Guan Yu’s Battle for Revenge, and encircled Yi Ling Castle with Wu Ban and Feng Xi. He tried to rescue Liu Bei when the Shu army retreated, but was killed by Wu forces.
Zhang Ni (Boqi); Lived AD 175–254 Officer of Shu. Participated in Zhuge Liang’s southern and northern campaigns. Later died in battle trying to rescue Jiang Wei. In official history, he subdued a foreign tribe and gained their trust, helping to stabilize the kingdom.
Zhang Shao; Lifespan Unlisted Zhang Fei’s second son. He and Qiao Zhou handed the imperial seal to Deng Ai when Shu surrendered. He followed Liu Chan in his move to Luo Yang after Zhong Hui’s death, and was praised by Lie Hou.
Zhang Song (Yongnian); Lived AD ?–212 Minister under Liu Zhang. Joined Liu Zhang to prevent an invasion of Shu by Zhang Lu, but all the while worked to overthrow him in favor of Liu Bei. Executed as a traitor when his plans were discovered.
Zhang Yi (Bogong); Lived AD ?–264 Officer of Shu. Originally served Liu Zhang before submitting to Liu Bei. Led armies in the southern and northern campaigns. After the death of Xiahou Ba, took his place to become general of vehicles of the left.
Zhao Fan; Lifespan Unlisted Prefect of Gui Yang. Surrendered to Zhao Yun, who attacked Gui Yang after the battle of Chi Bi. Unintentionally sparked Zhao Yun’s rage by suggesting Zhao Yun marry his older brother’s widow.
Zhao Guang; Lifespan Unlisted Second son of Zhao Yun. Reported his father’s death to Zhuge Liang with his older brother Zhao Tong. Was made station general and guarded his father’s grave. In official history, he marched under command of Jiang Wei and died in the front lines at Ta Zhong.
Zhao Lei; Lived ?–219 He was unrivalled in his loyalty. As a member of Guan Yu’s staff, he schemed up various courses of action when Guan Yu was defeated. He accompanied Guan Yu in his escape from Mai Cheng, but was killed.
Zhao Tong; Lifespan Unlisted Oldest son of Zhao Yun. Reported his father’s death by illness to Zhuge Liang and Liu Chan, who then appointed him as tiger escort. Protected Mt. Jin Ping, where his father was buried, with his younger brother Zhao Guang.
Zhao Yun (Zilong); Lived AD C. 168–229 Officer of Shu. Submitted to Liu Bei after serving Yuan Shao and Gongsun Zan. At Chang [Ban], cut his way into an enormous army to find and rescue Liu Bei’s son, Liu Chan. One of the Five Tiger Generals of Shu.
Zhou Cang; Lived AD ?–219 General under Zhang Bao and former Yellow Turban. Later turned to banditry on Mt. Wo Niu. Finally became a trusted servant of Guan Yu, whom he idolized. An excellent swimmer. Nonexistant in official history.
Zhu Bao; Lived AD ?–225 When Yong Kai joined together with Meng Huo to revolt, he joined the coup with Gao Ding. He was later killed by Gao Ding in Zhuge Liang’s plot to alienate the two through malicious rumors.
Zhuge Jun; Lifespan Unknown The youngest brother of Zhuge Liang. He lived a quiet life, tilling fields and studying with Liang in the Sleeping Dragon Valley. After Liang left for service, he served Shu and became a minister.
Zhuge Liang (Kongming); Lived AD 181–234 Prime minister of Shu, also known as Sleeping Dragon. Agreed to serve Liu Bei after Liu Bei visited him three times. Showed brilliance in diplomacy and domestic policy. Campaigned north five times, ultimately falling at the Wu Zhang Plains.
Zhuge Qiao (Bosong); Lived AD 203–228 Second son of Zhuge Jin, later adopted by Zhuge Liang. Was comsidered as a possible choice for Zhuge Liang’s heir, but died in a battle at the young age of twenty-five.
Zhuge Shang; Lived AD 246–263 Grandson of Zhuge Liang. He was skilled in all the military arts. He followed Zhuge Zhan to war and led his army against Deng Ai ant Mian Zhu Guan, but was hopelessly outnumbered and killed in battle.
Zhuge Zhan (Siyuan); Lived AD 227–263 Minister of Zhu and son of Zhuge Liang. Married Liu Can’s daughter when he was serventeen. Met Wei’s army at Mian Zhu Gate and defeated Deng Zhong and Shi Zuan. Continued to proceed forwar without waiting for support and was defeated. Committed suicide.
Kingdom of Wu
(Rulers: Sun Jian, Sun Ce, Sun Quan, Sun Liang, Sun Xiu, Sun Hao)
Bu Zhi (Zishan); Lived AD 180–247 Minister of Wu. Scored a victory for Wu during the attack on Jing by accurately reading the movements of the armies of Guan Yu and Cao Pi. Made calvary general after Sun Quan became emperor, and later rose to the position of prime minister.
Cai He; Lived ?–208 Cousin of Cai Mao. Surrendered to Wu with Cai Zhong just before the Battle of Chi Bi. However, Zhou Yu saw that his surrender was false, and used him to spread disinformation among his true allies in Wei.
Cai Zhong; Lived AD ?–208 This cousin of Cai Mao surrendered to Wu along with Cai He in a ploy. However, Zhou Yu saw through this false surrender, and he was killed by Gan Ning after being forced to lead the army to Cao Cao’s camp.
Cen Hun; Lived AD ?–280 He was loved by Wu Emperor Sun Hao, and incited Hao’s despotism. At the collapse of Wu, his subjects cried out “Cen Hun is to blame for everything!” and massacred him.
Chen Biao (Wenao); Lived AD 204–237 The child of Chen Wu. Along with Zhuge Ke, Gu Tan and Zhang Xiu, he accompanied Zhuge Ke’s army against the Shan Yue and was very prominent, but died at the age of 34.
Chen Lan; Lived AD ?–209 Officer under Yuan Shu. Acted as vice commander in the attack on Xu. When Yuan Shu groundlessly declared himself emperor, he abandoned his lord and he and Lei Bo became brigands. Later came back to pillage Yuan Shu’s remaining valuables after Yuan Shu had been defeated.
Chen Wu (Zilie); Lived AD 1?–215 Officer of Wu of strange appearance, said to have a yellow face and red eyes. Joined Sun Ce during the battle against Liu Yao. Marched in the Battle of Chi Bi as the fourth general. Was killed by Pang De at Ru Xu.
Cheng Bing (Deshu); Lived C. 172–C. 225 Minister of Wu who tried to make peace with Shu to halt their invasion. Returned the head of Zhang Fei to the Shu camp. However, Liu Bei was intent on attacking Wu and refused to reconcile.
Cheng Pu (Demou); Lived AD ?–C. 210 Officer of Wu. Fought with a pike called “Iron Serpent.” A veteran soldier who served three generations of the Sun family. At the battle of Chi Bi, he served directly under Viceroy Zhou Yu as second in command. Defeated Cao Cao’s army at Jiang Shang.
Ding Feng (Chengyuan); Lived AD ?–271 Officer of Wu. Participated in many battles and defeated Wei’s famous general Zhang Liao. Killed Sun Chen and became Grand General. Marched to aid Shu before it collapsed but arrived to late.
Dong Xi (Yuandai); Lived AD ?–217 Officer of Wu. Introduced both Yu Fan and Hua Tuo to Sun Ce. Fought hard in the defensive battle at Ru Xu, but drowned when his boat was capsized in strong winds. Sun Quan ordered that his body be found and buried.
Fu Shiren (Junyi); Lived ?–222 He was posted at Gong An and guarded Guan Yu’s troops from the rear, but was attacked and defeated by the Wu army. He tried to submit to Shu again at Yi Ling, but was denied and executed.
Gan Ning (Xingba); Lived AD 175–C. 219 Officer of Wu. Originally a member of the Bright Sails pirates. Discontent when serving under Huang Zu, was recruited to Sun Quan’s forces by Su Fei. Earned Sun Quan’s trust for his service against Huang Zu and against Cao Cao at Chi Bi.
Gu Tan (Zimo); Lived C. 204–? One of four friends of the Crown Prince, Sun Deng. While Sun He and Sun Ba were fighting over who would be the heir, he was for Sun He. He was entrapped and exiled by supporters of Sun Ba, and died.
Gu Yong (Yuantan); Lived AD 168–243 Minister of Wu and former pupil of Cai Yong. Entered Sun Quan’s service under recommendation of Zhang Hong. Made prime minister when Sun Quan declared himself emperor. Said to be a shy person who never drank alcohol.
Guo Ma; Lifespan Unknown Commander of the private unit of Xiu Yun, prefect of Ge Pu. Raised a revolt when his unit was ordered to disband after Xiu Yun’s death. His revolt spread throughout the province of Jiao, giving Jin the opportunity to subjugate Wu.
Han Dang (Yigong); Lived AD C. 156–227 Officer of Wu and veteran who served the Sun for three generations. Fought in many battles, including the attack on Yang, the battle of Chi Bi, the sugjugation of Guan Yu, and the battle of Yi Ling. Commanded one wing of the Wu navy.
He Qi (Gongmiao); Lived AD ?–227 Wu officer. Served Sun Ce and Sun Quan. He participated in the Shan Yue Campaign with Lu Xun. He was an extravagant man and favored using showy weapons, armor, and ships. He was a historical figure.
He Zhi; Lifespan Unknown Wu minister. The younger brother of Sun Hao’s mother, madame He, making him Sun Hao’s uncle. Sun Hao asked him to come up with plan to respond to Sima Yan, who had raised an army to invade Wu.
Hua He (Yongxian); Lived AD ?–276 Wu officer. Sun Hao banished him from the court because he opposed Sun Hao’s radical foreign policy. He went to live in seclusion as a result of this, and despaired over the future of Wu.
Hua Xin (Ziyu); Lived AD 157–231 Adviser under Cao Cao. Originally a minister of the Han court who switched to serving Sun Ce and then Cao Cao. In the novel, he pressured Emperor Xian to abdicate the throne to Cao Pi, but his role in official history is completely differen. Was Wei’s minster of letters.
Huan Jie (Boxu); Lifespan Unlisted High minister of Wei. Formerly served Sun Jian and acted as envoy when the hosted Huang Zu was exhanged for the return of Sun Jian’s corpse. Later invited by Cao Cao to serve Wei, and acted with Hua Xin to pressure Emperor Xian into abdication.
Huang Gai (Gongfu); Lived AD 145–? Officer of Wu. A veteran of Sun Jian’s forces since their inception. Master of the iron whip. Brutally beaten by Zhou Yu as part of a scheme to feign defection to Cao Cao, after which he lit the fires that led to Wu’s victory at Chi Bi.
Jia Hua; Lifespan Unlisted This officer of Sun Quan participated in Sun Quan’s assaul on He Fei. Word got out that he was hiding troops and reached Wu Guo Tai who reprimanded him for this.
Jiang Ban; Lifespan Unlisted An officer of Zhuge Dan. When Zhuge Dan instigated a revolt at Shou Chun, he advocated a rapid battle with Sima Zhao who surrounded them. When his advice was disregarded, he surrendered.
Jiang Qin (Gongyi); Lived AD 168–219 Officer of Wu. Along with Zhou Tai, joined Sun Ce based on Sun Ce’s good reputation. Led the vanguard during the invasion of Nan but suffered a great loss and was almost executed. Led the navy in the battle against Guan Yu and surrounded him.
Jiao Yi; Lifespan Unlisted An officer of Zhuge Dan. With Jiang Ban, he served Zhuge Dan when he rebelled against Sima Zhao. When fighting against Sima Zhao, he argued for a quick engagement but was ignored and surrendered.
Kan Ze (Derun); Lifespan Unlisted Adviser under Sun Quan. Acted as an Envoy to Cao Cao’s camp as part of Zhou Yu’s plot to have Huang Gai fake defection to Wei. When the Shu army invaded, recommended the young Lu Xun to oppose them as grand viceroy.
Li Yi; Lifespan Unknown Officer of Wu. Fought with a gold plated axe. Marched in battle against Shu under Sun Huan. His head was cut off by Guan Xing at the very moment he had raised his axe against Zhang Bao, who had fallen from his horse.
Ling Cao; Lived AD ?–203 This officer of Sun Ce was the father of Ling Tong. After he defeated Yan in Wu Territory, he returned to Sun Ce and was promoted. He was shot with an arrow by Gan Ning and died while fighting Huang Zu.
Ling Tong (Gongji); Lived AD 189–237 Officer of Wu and son of Ling Cao. Despised Gan Ning, who had killed his father in an early battle only to later switch sides and join Wu. However, the two reconciled and formed a strong friendship after Gang Ning [Gan Ning] saved Ling Tong’s life in a battle against Wei general Yue Jin.
Liu Lue; Lifespan Unlisted He defended the Yu Castle in Dong Xing. Vastly outnumbered, he fought to protect Yu Castle against Wei troops led by Hu Zun, and was able to hold them off until Ding Feng arrived with reinforcements.
Liu Zan (Zhengming); Lifespan Unlisted When Wei’s army invaded after Sun Quan’s death, this Wu officer went out to intercept them. To historical records, he was the father of Liu Lue, who was guarding Yu Castle in Dong Xing at this time.
Liu Zhang (Jiyu); Lived AD ?–219 Governor of Yi in late Han. Son of Liu Yan. Hosted Liu Bei in preparation for an invasion by Zhang Lu, but was instead attacked by Liu Bei. He chose to surrender rather than make his people suffer through a war.
Lou Xuan (Chengxian); Lifespan Unlisted This Wu vassal was one of the chief vassals executed for rebuking Sun Hao’s tyranny.
Lü Dai (Dinggong); Lived AD 161–256 Officer of Wu. Along with Grand Teacher Zhuge Ke, entrusted with governing following the death of Sun Quan. According to official history, served during Sun Quan’s reign as grand general and during Sun Liang’s reign as grand marshal. Said to have remained lively well into old age.
Lü Fan (Ziheng); Lived AD 165–229 Minister of Wu. Was a staff officer of Yuan Shu’s but gave up and joined Sun Ce instead. Acted as envoy to Liu Bei in the arrangement of Liu Bei’s wedding to Sun Quan’s younger sister.
Lu Ji (Gongji); Lived AD 188–219 Relative of Lu Xun. He was well versed in the study of the calendar and divination. It’s said, in his childhood he earned Yuan Shu’s favor when he placed a tangerine in his pocket to take to his mother.
Lü Ju (Shiyi); Lived AD ?–256 An officer of Wu. When the Wei army invaded after Sun Quan’s death, he went to battle in Dong Xing, and fought under Ding Feng. He was later killed by Sun Chen. It’s said he was the second child of Lü Fan.
Lu Kang (Youjie); Lived AD 226–274 Officer of Wu and scond son of Lu Xun. Considered to be the last great hero of Wu. At the battle of Xi Ling, he was sandwiched between the Wei army and a rebellion but seized victory by building a two-fold wall.
Lü Meng (Ziming); Lived AD 178–220 Officer of Wu. A courageous general who matured into greatness after Sun Quan persuaded to master academics as well. As viceroy of Wu, he led an army to reclaim Jing and captured Guan Yu.
Lu Shu; Lived AD ?–274 Lu Su’s posthumous son. He was considered by Zhang Cheng, who was defending Ru Xu, to be a man of talent who would block the Wei invasion. He was at various times viceroy of Wu Chang and of Xia Kou.
Lu Su (Zijing); Lived AD 172–217 Minister of Wu. Entered the service of Sun Quan under recommendation from Zhou Yu. Insisted on an alliance with Lu Bei [Liu Bei] in the battle of Chi Bi. Inherited the title of commander after Zhou Yu’s death. Excelled in land-based battles.
Lu Xun (Boyan); Lived AD 183–245 Officer of Wu and Sun Ce’s son-in-law. Schemed with Lü Meng to slay Guan Yu. Annihilated the army of Shu as grand viceroy at the battle of Yi Ling. Appointed to defend Jing and later became prime minister of Wu.
Luo Tong (Gongxu); Lifespan Unlisted A vassal of Sun Quan. He was known as a poor yet honorable man loyal to his step mother. He tried to challenge Zhuge Liang to a battle of Words when Liang came to Wu, but was stopped by Huang Gai.
Ma Zhong; Lived AD ?–222 This Wu officer was credited for having captured Guan Yu during Wu’s campaign against Guan Yu. As a reward he received Red Hare, but Red Hare refused to eat and followed his master to death.
Mi Fang (Zifang); Lived AD 169–221 Officer under Liu Bei and younger brother of Mi Zhu. Protected Nan in Jing under Guan Yu. However, he was persuaded by his colleague to betray Guan Yu and submit to Wu. Later tried to return to Shu but was executed.
Pan Jun (Chengming); Lived AD ?–240 He was skilled in domestic affairs, but criticized for seeking only his own profit and for being untrustworthy. He surrendered when the Wu army invaded Jing during Guan Yu’s assault.
Pan Zhang (Wengui); Lived AD 171–234 Officer of Wu. Worked with Zhu Ran to capture Guan Yu and was reward [rewarded] with Guan Yu’s sword, Blue Dragon. When pursued by Guan Yu’s son Guan Ping [Guan Xing], he encountered the dead spirit of Guan Yu. In his shock, he was easily slain.
Puyang Xing (Ziyuan); Lifespan Unlisted Served Wu as prime minister. He ignored Emperor Sun Xiu’s dying wishes and instead supported Sun Hao’s rise to the throne. Later he admonished Sun Hao for his cruelty and was killed.
Quan Cong (Zihuang); Lived AD ?–249 Officer of Wu. Achieved marked success during the subjugation of the Shanyue. Marched with Lu Xun to attack the Wei army, which had been lured out by Zhou Fang’s false defection. Attained victory by defeating Xue Qiao of Wei.
Quan Duan; Lifespan Unlisted Quan Zong’s son and the older brother of Quan Yi. Ordered to defend Shou Chun, when Sun Chen responded to Zhuge Dan’s uprising. However, he surrendered with Quan Yi at the advice of Quan We.
Quan Ji; Lived AD ?–258 This Wu officer was the son of Quan Shang. He was secretly ordered by Sun Liang to execute Sun Chen, but word of this reached Sun Chen and he and his entore family was executed.
Quan Shang; Lifespan Unlisted This Wu officer was the father-in-law of the Emperor. When he learned that his son Quan Ji had been ordered by Sun Liang to kill Sun Chen, Quan Shang told his wife, who let slip word of the plot. For this, Quan Shang was executed.
Quan Wei; Lifespan Unlisted The son of Quan Duan, and the grandson of Quan Zong. He helped Zhuge Dan, who had rebelled against Wei. Surrounded by Wei’s army led by Sima Zhao, he surrendered and became a horse general for Wei.
Quan Yi; Lifespan Unlisted He was the son of Wu’s Quan Zong. He was sent by Sun Chen as reinforcements during Zhuge Dan’s revolt. He surrendered to Sima Zhao along with Quan Wei when Sun Chen retreated to Jian Ye.
Quan Yi; Lifespan Unlisted He was the son of Wu’s Quan Zong. He was sent by Sun Chen as reinforcements during Zhuge Dan’s revolt. He surrendered to Sima Zhao along with Quan Wei when Sun Chen retreated to Jian Ye.
Shen Ying; Lifespan Unlisted Served Wu as Left General. Althought outnumbered, he joined Zhang Ti in opposing the Jin invasion. He once advised Zhang Ti to surrender, but later fought alongside Zhang Ti. He was killed by Zhou Zhi of Jin
Sheng Man; Lifespan Unknown A Wu officer. Immediately after Shu was destroyed by Wei in 264, he attacked Luo Xian of Ba Dong along with the likes of Bu Xie and Liu Ping under Lu Kang’s command.
Shi Shuo; Lifespan Unlisted This Wu officer helped Wei Miao capture Sun Chen’s younger brother when Ding Feng killed Sun Chen.
Song Qian; Lifespan Unlisted This officer of Sun Quan was a master at using the crescent halberd. When Sun Quan assaulted He Fei after the Battle of Chi Bi, he met the attack of Wei general Yue Jin, but was killed by Li Dian.
Su Fei; Lifespan Unlisted He helped plan the transfer of Gan Ning, who wasn’t being taken seriously because of his past as a pirate. He was later captured by Sun Quan’s army, but was saved by Gan Ning, who had joined Sun Quan.
Sun Ce (Bofu); Lived AD 175–200 Oldest son of Sun Jian. Raised an army by borrowing 3,000 men from Yuan Shu. Quickly subdued China’s eastern region, earning him the name “Little Dictator”. Died young of a wound he received while hunting when he was ambushed by an enemy.
Sun Jian (Wentai); Lived AD 155–192 Said to be a descendant of Sun Tzu. Participated in the suppression of the Yellow Turbans and became the prefect of Chang Sha. Led the vanguard in the coalition against Dong Zhuo. Died in battle at Xiang Yang fighting Yuan Shu and Liu Biao. Posthumously named Emperor Wu Lie.
Sun Jiao (Shulang); Lived C. 180–219 Third son of Sun Jian’s younger brother Sun Jing and younger brother of Sun Yu. Highly praised after defending Ru Xu from an attack by Cao Cao. Took command of Huang Gai’s army after Huang Gai’s death. Performed well even in battle against Guan Yu.
Sun Quan (Zhongmou); Lived AD 182–252 First emperor of Wu and second son of Sun Jian. Ascended to the throne after his older brother’s untimely death. Defeated a large army of Cao Cao’s at the battle of Chi Bi. Declared himself emperor in the year 229 and established the kingdom of Wu. Renamed Emperor Wu Da.
Taishi Ci (Ziyi); Lived AD 166–206 Officer of Wu. At mother’s request, rescued Kong Rong, prefect of Bei Hai. Later served under Liu Yao, but submitted to Sun Ce’s forces when Sun Ce defeated Liu Yao. Died in battle during Sun [Quan]’s attack on He Fei.
Taishi Xiang (Yuanfu); Lifespan Unlisted This Wu officer was Taishi Ci’s son. Sun Quan took him into his home after his father’s death. Later he became an official for Wu.
Tan Xiong; Lifespan Unlisted Officer of Wu. In battle against the Shu army, he tried to save his ally Li Yi by shooting Zhang Bao’s horse, throwing Zhang Bao from the saddle. Was captured alive the next day by Guan Xing and executed in the Shu camp.
Tang Zi; Lifespan Unlisted An officer of Wu. He was sent as reinforcements when Zhuge Dan revolted against the Sima family. He joined Wei after being defeated and captured. He later rose to an important position in the Wei army.
Teng Yin (Chengsi); Lived C. 203–257 Minister of Wu. Plotted the tyrannical Zhuge Ke’s assassination with Sun Jun. Was rewarded with a promotion to grand marshal. Later planned the assassination of another tyrant, Sun Chen, but was discovered and killed.
Wan Yu; Lifespan Unlisted [Deleted: Duplicate of Wang Can]
Wang Dun; Lived AD ?–256 This Wu officer was one of the chief vassals killed by Sun Chen, who came to power after Sun Jun. History says he planned Sun Chen’s assassination, but Sun Chen struck first and killed him.
Wei Miao; Lifespan Unlisted An officer of Wu. Under the orders of Sun Xiu, who had figured out Sun Chen was about to rebel, he cooperated with Ding Feng and captured Sun Chen’s entire family in 258.
Wu Can (Kongxiu); Lived AD 187–248 Following the death of Sun Ce, he joined Sun Quan in Jiang Dong. When Sun He and Sun Ba fought over who would be successor, he was slandered by Sun Ba and died in prison.
Xie Jing; Lived AD ?–222 This Wu officer fought Shu while serving Sun Huan during the Battle of Yi Ling. He battled Zhang Bao, but was forced to retreat. The next day Zhang Bao invaded his camp and cut him down.
Xu Gong; Lived ?–200 Prefect of Wu Territory. He tried to send a secret message warning Cao Cao to beware of Sun Ce, but was found out and killed. Later three of his house guests attacked Sun Ce, almost killing him.
Xu Sheng (Wenxiang); Lived AD ?–C. 225 Officer of Wu and leader in the battle of Chi Bi and in attacks on Jin and He Fei. When Cao Pi of Wei advanced against Wu, he led Wu’s army as pacifier of the east and threw Wei’s army into confusion by building fake fortifications.
Xue Xu; Lifespan Unlisted The son of Xue Zong. He was dispatched to Shu, and upon his return he reported Shu’s misgovernment to Sun Xiu. He attacked Jiao Zhi together with Yu Su, but died on his return journey.
Xue Ying (Daoyan); Lived AD ?–282 This Wu Palace Minister was Xue Zong’s son. When Jin’s forces invaded, he advised Sun Hao, who was planning to commit suicide, to remember how Liu Chan was treated and surrender.
Xue Zong (Jingwen); Lived AD ?–243 He became Sun Quan’s adviser at Sun Quan’s invitation. He was a master at civil affairs and Wu’s foremost literary scholar. He challenged Zhuge LIang to a battle of words, but lost.
Yan Jun (Mancai); Lived AD ?–219 Challenged Zhuge Liang, who had come as an emissary of the alliance, to a battle of words but lost the debate. He was appointed as Defense Minister when Sun Quan became Emperor.
Yong Kai; Lived AD ?–225 This prefect of Jian Ning joined Meng Huo and revolted against Shu. Zhuge Liang incited enmity between him and Gao Ding. He was later killed by Gao Ding’s servant He Huan, thereby ending the rebellion.
Yu Fan (Zhongxiang); Lived AD ?–223 District supervisor of Hui Ji. Submitted to Sun Ce after Sun Ce defeated Prefect Wang Lang. Recommended the famous physician Hua Tuo when Zhou Tai suffered a serious injury. Contributed to the capture of Jing with his persuasion of Zhu officer Fu Shiren.
Yu Quan; Lived AD ?–254 Officer of Wu. Led reinforcements in support of Zhuge Dan’s revolt against Wei. Was offered the chance to submit by Wei officer Wang Ji, but refused and was killed in battle.
Yu Si; Lifespan Unlisted Yu Fan’s fourth child. Of all Yu Fan’s children, he achieved the greatest fame. Together with Tao Huang, he invaded Jiao Zhi, and took back Jiao province from Jin.
Yuan Yao; Lifespan Unlisted Yuan Shu’s son. He became Crown Prince when Yuan Shu was enthroned. After Yuan Shu’s death he relied on Liu Xun. He received Liu’s protection when Sun Ce attacked Jiang. He was a historical figure.
Zhang Bu; Lived AD ?–264 Served as Left General. Under Sun Xiu’s orders, he and Ding Feng executed Sun Chen. He supported Sun Hao’s ascent to the imperial throne, but was killed for criticizing Sun Hao’s brutality.
Zhang Cheng (Zhongsi); Lived AD 178–244 This Wu officer was ordered by Sin Quan to invade from Guan Ling to Huai Yin along with Sun Shao during Zhuge Liang’s Fifth Northern Campaign.
Zhang Hong (Zigang); Lived AD 153–212 Minister of Wu. A strategist known as one of “the two Zhangs” along with Zhang Zhao. Employed at Zhou Yu’s recommendation and participated in the battles of Chi Bi and He Fei. At his death, he advised to transfer the capital to Jian Ye.
Zhang Ti (Juxian); Lived AD ?–280 Minister of Wu and Wu’s last prime minister. Fought hard against the great army of Jin. Offered the chance to submit by Shen Ying but refused, saying he would not abandon his kingdom in a time of crisis. Slain in a desperate battle.
Zhang Xiu (Shusi); Lived AD 205–245 Minister of Wu and second son of Zhang Zhao. A famous miterary scholar who was close friends with Crown Prince Sun Deng. Fell victim to slander after Sun Deng’s death and was demoted and ordered to commit suicide.
Zhang Zhao (Zibu); Lived AD 156–236 Minister under Sun Quan. A strategist known as one of “The Two Zhangs.” Employed at the recommendation of Zhou Yu. Sun Ce’s dying words were, “Rely on Zhang Zhao for all domestic affairs.”
Zhongli Fei; Lifespan Unlisted Officer of Wu. Participated in subjugating the rebellion of Huang Luan and the Shanyue people. When Shu was annexed by Wei, he was appointed prefect of Wu Ling to subdue the people there and achieved impressive results.
Zhou Fang (Ziyu); Lived AD ?–C. 260 He surrendered to Cao Xiu, and convinced Xiu of his loyalty by cutting off his hair. He lured Cao Xiu’s army to Shi Ting in a ploy where the Wei army was attacked and suffered a devastating defeat.
Zhou Tai (Youping); Lived AD 163–225 Officer of Wu. Submitted to Sun Ce with his fellow pirate Jiang Qin. Rescued Sun Quan when Xuan Castle was attacked by bandits despite being badly injured. Slayed barbarian chief Sha Moke at the battle of Yi Ling.
Zhou Yu (Gongjin); Lived AD 175–210 Officer of Wu and sworn brother of Sun Ce. Accepted Sun Ce’s dying request to assist Sun Quan. Commanded the navy as viceroy at the battle of Chi Bi, defeating Cao Cao’s army. Called “Handsome Young Zhou” for his good looks.
Zhu Huan (Xiumu); Lived AD 176–238 Officer of Wu. Placed in charge of Ru Xu, a defensive stronghold against Wei. Once defeated an army of tens of thousands under the command of Cao Ren with only five thousand men of his own. Appointed general of the front when Sun Quan declared himself emperor.
Zhu Ju (Ziju); Lived AD 190–246 He married Sun Quan’s daughter. He became a brigadier general, but was demoted after being slandered by Sun Ba. He was later ordered to commit suicide by a false decree. He was a historical figure.
Zhu Ran (Yifeng); Lifespan Unlisted This Wu officer led the navy at the Battle of Yi Ling. He pursued Liu Bei, who was fleeing after having lost to Lu Xun’s fire attack, but was stopped by Zhao Yun’s reinforcements and Liu Bei slipped away.
Zhu Yi (Jiwen); Lived AD ?–257 Served Wu as part of a reinforcement sent by Prime Minister Sun Chen during Zhuge Dan’s insurrection. He suffered numerous defeats, incurring Sun Chen’s wrath, and was executed after losing to Sima Zhao.
Zhu Zhi (Junli); Lived AD 156–234 Served the Sun family for three generations. He advised Sun Ce to borrow troops from Yuan Shu. He later became the prefect of Wu Territory, and served as a warden during the Battle of Chi Bi.
Zhuge Dan (Gongxiu); Lived AD ?–258 Guardian of the east of Wei and cousin of Zhuge Liang. Opposed Sima Zhao’s dominance and caused a revolt with help from Wu, but failed and was killed aling with hundreds of his followers.
Zhuge Jin (Ziyu); Lived AD 174–241 Minister of Wu. Older brother of Zhuge Liang. Served Wu at the recommendation of Lu Su. A gentle and honest man, he was trusted by Sun Quan. Strived for harmony between Wu and Shu.
Zhuge Jing; Lifespan Unlisted Zhuge Dan’s son. He was taken to Wu as a hostage, but served Wu after his father died in battle. He met the invading Jin army as Wu’s Right General, but lost. His son Zhuge Hui served Jin
Zhuge Ke (Yuanxun); Lived AD 203–253 Minister of Wu. Oldest son of Zhuge Jin. Since his youth, loved by Sun Quan for his intelligence. Seized power as grand teacher after the death of Lu Xun, but lost popularity when defeated at He Fei. Assassinated by Sun Jun.
Zu Mao (Darong); Lived AD ?–190 Sun Jian’s officer. During the Dong Zhuo campaign he put a hood over the head of Sun Jian, who was fleeing, and acted as Sun Jian’s double enabling him to escape from Hua Xiong’s surrounding army.
Zuo Yi; Lifespan Unlisted A Wu officer. When Bu Chan of Kiling surrendered to Jin in 272, he surrounded Xiling under Lu Kang’s command.
Other Kingdoms
(Rulers: Yuan Shao, Yuan Shu, Liu Biao, Liu Zheng, Dong Zhuo, etc.)
Ahuinan ; Lived AD ?–225 Officer under Nanman King Meng Huo and cave governor. Was caught in a battle against the Shu army and later released. Returning to the front line, he was met with calls of “Have you no shame?”, after which he retired from the army in disgrace.
Bao Long; Lived AD ?–209 It’s said he killed two tigers with his bow. He tried to trick Zhao Yun into thinking he was surrendering when Zhao Yun invaded Gui Yang, but Zhao Yun saw through his scheme and beheaded him.
Bei Yan; Lived AD ?–238 This officer of Gongsun Yuan led Yuan’s troops against Sima Yi, but lost. After retreating he gathered his forces again and attempted a second attack, but after serveral skirmishes was killed by Xiahou Ba.
Bo Cai; Lived AD ?–184 Officer of the Yellow Turbans. Won a great victory over Zhu Jun in the early stages of the rebellion. Chased Zhu Jun and Huangfu Song to Chang Sha but was beaten in a fire attack planned by Huangfu Song.
Budugen ; Lived AD ?–233 Territorial chief of the Xian Bei tribe. Retained his independence by sending gifts to Wei during the reigns of Cao Cao and Cao Pi. During Cao Rui’s reign he allied with his enemy Ke Bineng to start a revolt. However, the result was suppressed and he was slain by Ke Bineng.
Cai Yan (Wenji); Lived AD 177–250 Yuan Shao’s vassal. He never attained fame because his proposals were rarely adopted. He served Cao Cao but was imprisoned for arguing against Cao Cao’s enthronement, and was beaten to death in jail.
Cao Xing; Lived ?–196 An officer of Lü Bu. Seeing Gao Shun being pursued by Xiahou Dun, he fired an arrow from his camp and hit Xiahou Dun in the left eye. He was immediately slain by Xiahou Dun in a terrifying fit of rage.
Cheng Yi; Lived ?–211 One of Han Sui’s 8 Knights. He assaulted Chang An along with Ma Chao, but was lured out and surrounded by Kong’s army. He was killed by Xiahou Yuan.
Cheng Yuanzhi; Lived ?–184 A general of the Yellow Turbans. He led a rebel army of 50,000 troops against Yu. He engaged Liu Bei’s volunteer army at Da Xing Shan Lu, but was killed by Guan Yu, who was fighting his first battle.
Chunyu Qiong (Zhongde); Lived AD 146–200 An officer of Yuan Shao. He defended the supply base of Wu Chao during the Battle of Guan Du. When he was in a drunken stupor, Cao Cao burned Wu Chao. He was later killed by an infuriated Yuan Shao.
Dailaidongzhu ; Lifespan Unknown Younger brother of Zhu Rong. When Meng Huo lost repeated battles against Shu, he suggested enlisting the help of King Mulu and Wu Tugu.
Ding Yuan (Jianyang); Lived AD ?–189 Protector of Bing. He led his army into Luo Yang at the request of He Jin. He objected Dong Zhuo’s measures to abolish Emperor Shao. He was betrayed by his adopted son Lü Bu, and killed.
Dong Min (Shuyin); Lived AD 149–192 Younger brother of Dong Zhuo. He was appointed Left General after Dong Zhuo backed Emperor Xian. When Lü Bu killed Dong Zhuo, he was executed for being an accomplice of Dong Zhuo.
Dong Zhuo (Zhongying); Lived AD ?–192 Protector of Bing in late Han. Entered the capital in answer to a plea for help from He Jin, only to take advantage of the situation and seize power. A cruel ruler who replaced the Emperor and moved the capital, he was eventually killed by Wang Yun and Lü Bu.
Dongtuna ; Lifespan Unknown An officer under Nanman King Meng Huo and cave governor. Assisted Meng Huo in battle against Shu along with Ahui Nan and others. Was captured, but released by Zhuge Liang.
E Huan; Lifespan Unknown Officer of Gao Ding. He towered 9 feet tall and was a master at the crescent halberd. He fought Wei Yan’s forces as the advance guard of Gao Ding’s army, but was captured. He surrendered with Gao Ding.
Fan Chou; Lived AD C. 135–192 He defeated and pursued Han Sui’s force after Dong Zhuo’s death. He allowed Han Sui to escape because he and Han Sui were from the same hometown. For so doing, Li Jue executed him as a traitor.
Fan Neng; Lifespan Unknown Protector of Yang under Liu Yao. Attacked Sun Ce for capturing his ally Gan Mi, but Sun Ce’s thunderous voice knocked hm from his horse, causing him to split open his head and die.
Fang Yue; Lived ?–190 Vassal to Wang Kuang, prefect of He Nei. He joined the Anti-Dong Zhuo Coalition and challenged Lü Bu to battle at Hu Lao Gate, but was knocked off his horse and killed after only five skirmishes.
Feng Ji (Yuantu); Lived AD C. 153–203 Minister under Yuan Shao. Criticized by Xun Yu as “brave, but heedless of other’s opinions.” Bitter toward his rivals, he slandered Tian Feng until he committed suicide. Supported Yuan Shang as successor to Yuan Shao.
Gao Pei; Lived ?–211 This officer of Liu Zhang worked alongside Yang Huai. He plotted to assassinate Liu Bei, but Pang Tong found out about his scheme. In the end it was he, not Liu Bei, who ended up being baited and executed.
Gao Sheng; Lived ?–184 This officer of Zhang Bao’s fought in the Battle of Qu Yang. Liu Bei, who was ;eading the advance guard of the Imperial forces, ordered Zhang Fei to battle. Gao Sheng died by the hand of Zhang Fei.
Gao Shun; Lived ?–198 Skilled officer under Lü Bu who participated in numerous battles. After Lü Bu’s defeat, he faced his execution bravely without making a single complaint.
Gongsun Du (Shengji); Lived AD ?–204 Prefect of Liao Dong in late Han. Achieved successful results during the subjugation of Wuwan. Maintained independence throughout the warring of the Central Plains. Father of Gongsun Kang.
Gongsun Fan; Lifespan Unknown Cousin of Gongsun Zan. He was once given the Prefect of Bo Hai’s seeal from Yuan Shao to conciliate with Gongsun Zan, who had headed out to seek revenge for his brother. He was a historical figure.
Gongsun Gong; Lifespan Unknown Gonsun Kang’s younger borther. He advised Gongsun Kang to kill Yuan Xi and Yuan Shang, and deliver their heads to Cao Cao. He inherited Gongsun Kang’s nobility, but later lost it to Gongsun Yuan.
Gongsun Kang; Lived AD ?–221 Son of Gongsun Du. He killed the brothers Yuan Xi and Yuan Shang, who had lost to Cao Cao’s army and were fleeing, and delivered their heads to Cao Cao. As a reward, Cao Cao appointed him Lord of Jiang Ping.
Gongsun Yue; Lived AD ?–191 Younger brother of Gongsun Zan. He visited Yuan Shao as emissary to negotiate the division of Ji. However, Yuan Shao had no intentions of sharing Ji, and assassinated him on his journey back.
Gongsun Zan (Bogu); Lived AD ?–199 Prefect of Bei Ping in late Han. Studied with Liu Bei under Lu Zhi. Commanded an elite cavalry unit that rode only white horses. Participated in the suppression of the Yellow Turbans and defense against foreign forces.
Guan Hai; Lived ?–193 Officer of the Yellow Turbans. After the Yellow Turbans’ defeat, led remaining members of the rebellion to attack Hai, where he was engaged by Liu Bei’s army. Fought hard in a duel with Guan Yu that had lasted for many blows, but was eventually struck dead.
Guan Jing (Shiqi); Lived ?–191 Gongsun Zan’s officer. He rushed itno Yuan Shao’s army and died for the sake of Gongsun Zan who had committed suicide after being surrounded by Yuan Shao’s forces. Hostoricla figure.
Guo Si (Duo); Lived AD 146–197 Officer under Dong Zhuo. After Dong Zhuo’s death, assaulted Chang An at the suggestion of Jia Xu. Killed Wang Yun and took control of the courst with Li Jue. Later became a brigand and was killed by one of his own men, Wu Xi.
Guo Tu (Gongze); Lived AD ?–205-8 Adviser under Yuan Shao. When Wu Chao was raided at the battle of Guan Du, he invited defeat with his advice that “Now is the time to attack Cao Cao’s main army.” After Yuan Shao’s death, he became a staff adviser of Yuan Tan
Guo Yuan (Zini); Lived ?–203 Accomplished official under Cao Cao. Studied under Zheng Xuan and was invited to work under the minister of the exterior. Oversaw colonization work and succeeded in detailed projects such as calculationg population.
Han Xun (Juzi); Lifespan Unlisted An officer under Yuan Shao. Defended the supply base in Wu Chao with General Chunyu Qiong. Was attacked by Cao Cao, who had been told about the supply base by Xu You, and all the supplies were burned.
Han Song (Degao); Lived AD C. 154–? Adviser under Liu Biao. Went to Xu Chang to scout Cao Cao’s movements and was appointed by the court as an administrator and as prefect of Ling Ling. The appointments enraged Liu Biao, who locked up Han Song upon his return.
Han Xian; Lived AD 159–197 The “Bai Bo Clan” prefect. He joined Dong Cheng and Yang Feng in protecting Emperor Xian and later in uniting against Cao Cao. In the end, he was killed by Guan Yu and Zhang Fei.
Han Yin; Lived AD ?–196 He presented the proposal of marriage between Yuan Shu’s son and Lü Bu’s daughter. When Lü Bu broke off communications with Yuan Shu, he was sent to Xu Chang and slain by Cao Cao.
Han Zhong; Lived ?–184 A general in the Yellow Turbans. He occupied Wan Castle along with Sun Zhong and Zho Hong. He fought against Zhu Jun and Liu Bei’s forces, but was hit by a stray arrow and died.
Hao Meng; Lifespan Unknown Officer under Lü Bu. Sought help from Yuan Shu when Lü Bu was pursued by Cao Cao, but was captured upon his return and beheaded. In offical histoy, he rebelled against Lü Bu and was killed by Gao Shun.
He Jin (Suigao); Lived AD 135–189 Common butcher who entered imperial family when his younger sister married Emperor Ling. Rose to position of grand general and plotted to wipe out the ten eunuchs, but his plot was discovered and he was killed instead.
He Yi; Lifespan Unknown This member of the Yellow Turbans occupied Ru Nan even after the Yellow Turban’s revolt. He was captured by Xu Zhu, who at the time had a volunteer army, and was executed by Cao Cao.
Hu Che’er; Lifespan Unknown He came from a foreign clan, and became the greatest warrior in Zhang Xiu’s army. He suggested stealing Dian Wei’s polearm during the battle with Cao Cao, and performed the task himself.
Hu Zhen (Wencai); Lived AD 146–190 An officer of Dong Zhuo. When Yuan Shao’s army attacked Dong Zhuo, he participated in the war as Hua Xiong’s Adjutant General in defending Si Shui Gate. He was slain by Cheng Pu of Sun Jian’s army.
Hua Xiong; Lifespan Unlisted Skilled officer under Dong Zhuo. After destroying Sun Jian’s army at Si Shui Gate, led a reckless onslaught and was slain by Guan Yu. According to official history, howeve, he was defeated and cut down by Sun Jian.
Huang Zu; Lived AD ?–208 Officer under Liu Biao and guardian of Jiang Xia. Slayed the genius Mi Heng at a banquet. Was unappreciative of the service of former pirate Gan Ning, who left and became an officer of Wu. Was later attacked by Gan Ning and killed.
Huangfu Song (Yizhen); Lived ?–195 Minister of late Han. During the Yellow Turban Rebellion, he defeated Zhang Liang and Zhang Bao with a fire attack and desecrated the grave of Zhang Jiao, stealing the corpse’s head. Took some time off but returned to the court after Dong Zhuo’s assassination. Became a grand commander.
Ji Ling; Lived AD ?–199 Officer under Yuan Shu. Was skilled with the war trident. When Liu Bei’s army attacked, he dueled with Guan Yu for as mant as thirty blows. Later ordered by [Yuan Shu] to attack Liu Bei, but was made to retreat by Lü Bu’s mediation.
Jiang Yiqu; Lifespan Unlisted Officer to Yuan Shao. He met Yuan Shao, who had lost to Cao Cao at the battle of Guan Du, in Li Yang. He gathered together his scattered troops and returned Yuan Shao safely to Ji.
Jinhuansanjie ; Lifespan Unknown Officer under Nanman King Meng Huo and cave governor. Joined Ahui Nan and Dong Tyna to defend against Shu’s subjugation of the south. His camp was attacked in the night and in the confusion he was slain by Zhao Yun.
Ju Gu; Lived AD ?–204 The son of Ju Shou. After the battle of Guan Du, he was ordered into defense of Han Dan by Yuang Shang when Cao Cao attacked Ji Province. He was shot dead in battle with Zhang Liao.
Ju Shou; Lived ?–200 Minister under Yuan Shao. Imprisoned for advising against a campaign against Cao Cao. When Yuan Shao lost, was offered the chance to surrender to Cao Cao, but refused. Was killed while attempting to escape.
King Duosi; Lifespan Unlisted Former governor of Tulong Cave in Nanman and friend of Meng Huo’s younger brother Meng You. Known as “The Sage of Nanman.” Assisted the outnumbered Meng Huo, using Tulong’s poison waters to resist Zhuge Liang.
King Meng Huo; Lifespan Unknown King of the southern barbarians. Led a rebellion against Shu following the death of Liu Bei. Resisted Zhuge Liang’s southern campaign, during which he was caught and released seven times. Finally submitted after his seventh release.
King Mulu; Lived ?–225 Owner of Bana Cave in Nanman. An intimidating adversary who used magic to raise storms and control animals in battle against Shu. Rode into battle on an elephant. Ultimately killed when the magic of Zhuge Liang proved superior.
King Wutugu; Lived ?–225 King of Wuge. A giant of over nine feet tall. Led an armored troop that was said to be invincible to both sword and arrow, but he and his men were both burned to death in battle against Shu.
Kong Zhou (Gongxu); Lifespan Unlisted Protector of Yu Zhou in late Han. Led an army in the coalition against Dong Zhuo. According to official history, was skilled at judging character and academic discussion but useless as the leader of an army.
Kuai Liang (Zirou); Lifespan Unlisted Minsiter under Liu Biao. Older brother of Kuai Yue. Worked as an adviser to Liu Biao. When Sun Jian attacked Jing, accepted a strategy from Lu Gong to ambush and attack with rocks and arrows, which successfully caused Sun Jian’s death.
Lady Zhurong; Lifespan Unknown Wife of Nanman King Meng Huo. Said to be descended from the god of fire. A strong warrior who excelled at using the flying swords. Captured both Zhang Yi and Ma Zhong alive, but was later captured herself by Wei Yan and Ma Dai.
Lei Bo; Lived 160–? He abandoned Yuan Shu, who became gluttonous upon becoming emperor, and secluded himself with Chen in Song Shan, becoming a bandit. After Yuan Shu was defeated he plundered Shu.
Li Feng; Lived AD ?–197 Officer under Yuan Shu. Fought in Yuan Shu’s attack on Lü Bu and dueled with Lü Bu himself but lost. Tried to resist an attack from Cao Cao by holing up in Shou Chun but was captured and defeated.
Li Feng; Lived ?–194 This Shu vassal was Li Yuan’s son. He succeeded his father when his father was dismissed for failing to provide enough food, and stored up supplies and horse fodder.
Li Jue (Zhiran); Lived AD ?–198 Officer under Dong Zhou [Dong Zhuo]. Along with Guo Si, avenged Dong Zhou’s [Dong Zhuo’s] death by killing Wang Yun. Controlled the government by keeping the Emperor in his possession. A scheme of Yang Biao’s caused him to attack Wang Yun [Guo Si], bringing about his own destruction.
Li Ru; Lifespan Unlisted Adviser and son-in-law of Dong Zhuo. The source of many of Dong Zhuo’s corrupt policies. Saw through the plot to use Diao Chan to assassinate Dong Zhuo, but did not act to prevent it and was executed afterward along with the other conspirators.
Li Su (Weigong); Lived AD ?–191 Minister under Dong Zhuo. Used the gift of Red Hare to convince Lü Bu to defect to Dong Zhuo. Later joined Wang Yun’s assassination plot, and posed as an imperial envoy to lure Dong Zhuo to court, where Dong Zhuo was beheaded.
Liang Gang; Lived AD ?–197 Officer under Yuan Shu. Suffered a great loss as army director when Yuan Shu attacked Lü Bu. Tried to resist an attack from Cao Cao by holing up in Shou Chun but was captured and executed.
Liang Xing; Lived AD ?–212 One of Han Sui’s 8 Knights. He met the forces of Ma Chao, who invaded after believing Jia Xu’s vicious rumors, but was instantly killed.
Liu Bao; Lifespan Unlisted Wise king of the Huns. United the people to create one of the five Hun clans. When his clan suffered internal struggling, Deng Ai advised him to relinquish some of his power.
Liu Biao (Jingsheng); Lived AD 142–208 Governor of Jing in late Han. One of the Jiang Xia Eight. Left the chaos of the Central Plains and settled the province of Jing. His indecisive nature caused him to miss several opportunities to expand his influence.
Liu Dai (Gongshan); Lived AD 147–192 Protector of Yan in late Han. He took part in the Anti-Dong Zhuo Coalition. He later surrendered when Yan was captured by Cao Cao. He attacked Liu Bei, but was defeated and robbed of his position.
Liu Pi; Lived AD ?–200 Officer of the Yellow Turbans. After the Yellow Turban’s defeat, helped Gong Du lead a gang of bandits in Ru Nan. Relinquished Ru Nan to Liu Bei. Died in battle with Cao Cao’s army while trying to protect Liu Bei from Gao Gan.
Liu Xun; Lifespan Unlisted This prefect of Lu Jiang served Yuan Shu. He was attacked by Sun Ce and was expelled from Lu Jiang. It’s said he surrendered to Cao Cao but was later punished for his disrespectful attitude towards him.
Liu Yao (Zhengli); Lived AD 157–198 Protector of Yang Zhou in late Han. Employed his neighbor, the distinguised officer Taishi Ci, but failed to use him effectively. Beaten in an attack by Sun Ce, but escaped safely to Yu Zhang.
Lü Bu (Fengxian); Lived AD 156–198 Officer in the late Han. Remembered in the phrase, “Among men, Lü Bu; among horses, Red Hare.” His acts of betrayal agitated the land, but he met a pitiful end when he, too, was betrayed.
Lü Weihuang; Lived AD ?–200 This officer of Yuan Shao guarded the supply base of Wu Chao as a colonel of Chunyu Qiong. He was ambushed by Cao Cao’s forces while Chunyu Qiong was drunk. This mistake led to Guan Du’s defeat.
Lu Zhi (Zigan); Lived ?–192 Loyal minister of late Han. Teacher of both Liu Bei and Gongsun Zan. As intendant, produced successful results leading an army against the Yellow Turbans. Later became minister of letters and wanred against Dong Zhuo’s displacement of Emperor Shao.
Lun Zhi; Lived AD ?–C. 238 This vassal of Gongsun Yuan served as a tactician. He was beheaded for criticizing Gongsun Yuan’s plan to rebel against Wei. After Sima Yi eliminated Gongsun Yuan, Sima Yi granted his family nobility.
Ma Wan; Lifespan Unlisted This officer of Han Sui was one of the 8 Knights. He tried to defend his lord Han Sui when Ma Chao attacked after believing Kia Xu’s [Jia Xu’s] malicious rumors, but was kiled in a single blow.
Mangyachang ; Lived ?–225 Second in command to Nanman King Meng Huo. Ordered by Meng Huo to meet Zhuge Liang’s southern campaign. Badly beaten by Wang Ping, and finally slain in battle with Ma Dai.
Meng You; Lifespan Unlisted Younger brother of Nanman King Meng Huo. Fought against Zhuge Liang’s southern campaign and, after Meng Huo lost repeated battles, suggested enlisting the help of King Duosi. Later pledged allegiance to Shu along with his older brother.
Mu Shun; Lived ?–214 Officer of Zhang Yang. During the battle of Hu Lao Gate, he rode out alone to face the invading Lü Bu, but was killed. This was not the eunuch Mu Shuen who served Emperor Xian.
Niu Fu; Lived AD ?–191 Dong Zhuo’s son-in-law. He guarded Shan Xi when Dong Zhuo went to the capital. After Dong Zhuo died, he attacked Chang An with Li Jue, but was repelled by Lü Bu. He was killed by Hu Chi Er while fleeing.
Pan Feng; Lived ?–190 An officer of Han Fu, protector of Ji. He challenged Hua Xiong to a duel with his great axe during the Battle of Fan Shui Gate [Si Shui Gate], but lost the duel and was killed.
Pei Yuanshao; Lived AD ?–200 Officer of the Yellow Turbans. After the Yellow Turbans’ defeat, became the leader of a gang of brigands. Attempted to steal the steed Red Hare from Guan Yu, but instead surrendered when he realized who its owner was. Introduced his friend Zhou Cang to Guan Yu.
Qiao Mao (Yuanwei); Lived AD ?–190 Prefect of Dong Jun in late Han. Led anarmy as a part of the coalition against Dong Zhuo. After the coalition’s dissolution, refused a request for provisions from Liu Dai, an act for which he was killed. Nephew of Qiao Xuan.
Qiao Rui; Lived AD ?–197 An officer of Yuan Shu. When Cao Cao attacked Yuan Shu, he led the frontal assualt forces against Cao Cao’s army. He fought Cao Cao’s forces on the border of Shou Chun and was killed by Xiahou Dun.
Qu Yi; Lived AD ?–191 Officer under Yuang Zhao. Commanded the central army at the battle of Jie Qiao. Slayed Gongsun Zan’s officer Yan Gang but was pursued by the enemy and killed by Zhao Yun. According to offical history, he arrogance led him to be purged from court by Yuan Shao.
Shan Jing; Lifespan Unlisted This officer Gongsun Zan was appointed protector of Yan to protect the Yuan Shao side of the district. He was defeated by Cao Cao’s troops, who were collaborating with Yuan Shao.
Shen Pei (Zhengnan); Lived AD ?–204 Minister under Yuan Shao. Critized by Xun Yu as “strong of will but without tact.” Supported Yuan Shang after the death of Yuan Shao. Captured by Cao Cao but refused to surrender. Face north, in the direction of his lord, when executed.
Shi Hui; Lived AD ?–227 Son of Shi Xie, prefect of Jiao Zhi in Wu. When his father died, he prevented Lü Dai, the appointed successor to his father’s position, from entering office and claimed the title of prefect for his own. Promised that his life would be spared, he submitted to Lü Dai but was killed anyway.
Shi Kuang; Lifespan Unlisted Son of Shi Yi and intendant of Wu. When his cousin Shi Hui began a rebellion, he was asked by Lü Dai to convince Shi Hui to submit. However, he was later implicated in Shi Hui’s plot and expelled from office.
Shi Xie (Weiyan); Lived AD 137–226 Minister of the late Han. Became prefect of Jiao Zhi following his father’s death, and continued to serve after Jiao Zhi was conquered by Sun Quan. Located far from Wu’s capital, he was able to rule as he pleased. Often sent gifts to Sun Quan.
Shi Yi; Lifespan Unlisted Officer under Sun Quan and younger brother of Zhi Xie. Became a fairly high-ranking official, but was expelled from office when his nehphew Shi Hui caused a rebellion. Later executed for breaking the law.
Sima Zhou (Zijiang); Lived AD 227–283 This “Fire General” was Sima Yi’s sixth son. During the campaign against Wu, he made a stand with 50,000 troops and joined forces with Wang Jun, who force Wu to surrender.
Sui Gu (Botu); Lived AD ?–199 Vassal of Zhang Yang. When Zhang Yang was murdered by Yang Chou, he killed Yang Chou and joined Yuan Shao. He was attacked and killed by Cao Cao’s forces.
Sui Yuanjin; Lived AD ?–200 Officer under Yuan Shao. Defended the supply base in Wu Chao with General Chunyu Qiong. Was attacked by Cao Cao upon delivering a load of supplies, and was killed in the confusion.
Sun Zhong; Lived ?–184 He occupied Wan Castle with Han Zhong and Zhao Hong. He fought against Zhu Jun and Liu Bei’s Imperial forces but lost. He was shot off his horse with an arrow by Liu Bei when he was retreating.
Tadun ; Lived AD ?–C. 207 Territorial chief of Wuwan in Liao Xi. Allied with Yuan Shao’s sons Yuan Xi and Yuan Shang, who had been pursued by Cao Cao to Bei Fang. Fought with them against Cao Cao’s army but was beheaded by General Zhang Liao.
Tao Qian (Gongzu); Lived AD 132–194 Governor of Xu Zhou. One of the feudal lords to find glory during the coalition against Dong Zhou [Dong Zhuo]. Attacked by Cao Cao and sought assistance from Kong Rong and Liu Bei. Later fell ill and left Xu Zhou to Liu Bei’s care.
Tian Feng (Yuanhao); Lifespan Unlisted Adviser under Yuan Shao. Criticized by Xun Yu as “a stubborn man who will disobey his lord.” Imprisoned for opposing direct war with Cao Cao, instead suggesting a war of attrition. Commited suicide after being slandered by Feng Ji.
Tian Kai; Lived AD ?–199 Gongsun Zan appointed him as protector of Qing. He fought against Yuan Shao with Liu Bei. When Tao Qian was attacked by Cao Cao, he came to Tao Qian’s aid. He was a historical figure.
Wang Jun; Lived AD ?–C. 200 Officer of Jin who suggested the subjugation of Wu to Sima Yan. Rode the Chang Jiang River down from Yi to attack Wu and ambushed Sun Hao at Shitou Castle. After Wu was settled, he was appointed as Grand General of Fu Guo.
Wang Jun (Shizhi); Lived AD 206–285 Officer of Jin who suggested subjugation of Wu to Sima Yan. Rode the Chang Jiang river down from Yi to attack Wu and ambushed Sun Hao at Shitou Castle. After Wu was settled, he was appointed as Grand General of Fu Guo.
Wang Kuang (Gongjie); Lived AD ?–190 Prefect of He Nei in the late Han who led a large army to the campaign against Dong Zhuo. He directed his officer Fang Yue to face Lü Bu, but was killed before he had even fought five skirmeshes.
Wang Lei; Lived AD ?–211 Minister under Liu Zhang. Hung himself upside-dwon from the castle wasll to warn Liu Zhang against welcoming Liu Bei. When his watnings went unheeded, he cut the rope he was suspended from and fell to his death.
Wang Men; Lifespan Unlisted Officer under Gongsun Zan, also recorded in official history. Defected to the enemy when Gongsun Zan was fighting Yuan Shao. Led an army of 10,000 against Gongsun Zan but retreated after being criticized by Tian Yu.
Wang Rong (Junchong); Lived AD 265–316 Served Jin as 3rd East General. He participated in the Wu campaign, where he led the army as far as Wu Chang. He joined Wang Jun at Shi Tou Castle. He studied under one of the Seven wise men of Zhu Lin.
Wang Wei; Lifespan Unlisted This vassal of Liu Biao advised Liu Biao’s son Liu Zong to pretend to surrender to Cao Cao, then attack. He served Liu Zong en route to Qing, but was killed along with his lorde before arriving.
Wang Ye; Lifespan Unlisted Cavalry warden of Wei. Along with Wang Shen and Wang Jing, was consulted by Cao Mao on assassinationg Sima Zhao. However, fearing the aftermath of such an act, he and Wang Shen revealed the plot.
Wang Yun (Zishi); Lived AD 137–192 Interior minister of the late Han. Used his beautiful daughter Diao Chan in a plot to assassinate the wicked tyrant Dong Zhuo. After Dong Zhuo’s death, however, he was unable to control a revolt staged by Li Jue and was killed.
Wen Chou; Lived AD ?–200 Skilled officer under Yuan Shao. Marched upon Yan Jin to avenge his colleague Yan Liang, but wound up in a hard fight when surprise attacked by Cao Cao. Resisted attacks from Zhang Liao and Xu Huang, but was cut down by Guan Yu.
Wu Anguo; Lifespan Unlisted During the battle of Hu Lao Gate, he challenged Lü Bu to a duel. Equipped with an iron hammer, he fought several dozen matches, but his arm was chopped off and he fled, leaving behind his iron hammer.
Wu Gang; Lifespan Unknown Wei officer. He was a trusted friend of Zhuge Dan. He went to Wu as an emissary to ask for reinforcements for the revolt. He fulfilled his duty by capturing Zhuge Dan’s son, Zhuge Jing, and delivering him to Wu.
Wu Ju (Yuanda); Lived AD ?–211 According to historical records he became prefect of Cang Wu with Liu Biao’s backing. He was an old friend of Liu Bei. He was killed for insubordination by protector Bu Zhi of Jiao.
Xin Ping (Zhongzhi); Lived AD C. 165–204 Minister under Han Fu. After Han Fu’s death he served the Yuan family, acting as adviser to Yuan Tan. Once invited to join Cao Cao when meeting him as an envoy, but refused the offer.
Xing Daorong; Lived ?–208 Officer under Liu Du. Stood against Liu Bei’s army but submitted to the might of Zhang Fei and Zhao Yun. Attacked again after being released but was cut down from atop his horse by Zhao Yun.
Xu Rong; Lived AD ?–192 Officer under Dong Zhuo. During the transfer of the capital to Chang An, he heard of Cao Cao’s defeat by Lü Bu’s ambush, pursued Cao Cao, and struck him in the shoulder with an arrow. However, he was then struck down by Xiahou Dun, who arrived to defend Cao Cao.
Xun Chen (Youruo); Lived AD C. 161–? Protector of Ji. Along with Gao Gan, persuaded Han Fu to relinquish Ji to Yuan Shao. Became one of Yuan Shao’s retainers and served in the front like in the campaign against Cao Cao. According to official history, was the younger brother of Xun Yu.
Xun Xu (Gongceng); Lived AD ?–289 In response to Jing Wei, who was plotting to assassinate Jiang Wei while Jiang Wei was colonized Da Zhong, this Wei minister advised Sima Zhao to campaign against Shu, whose court was decaying.
Yan Baihu [White Tiger Yan]; Lifespan Unknown Bandit of Wu Territory. Called himself “East Wu’s King of Morals.” He was attacked by Sun Ce and fled to Wang Lang seeking help, but found no refuge. Dong Xi killed him and delivered his head to Sun Ce.
Yan Gang; Lived AD ?–192 Officer of Gongsun Zan. He led the entire army at the Battle of Jie Qiao, but lost to Qu Yi of Yuan Shao’s army and was killed.
Yan Liang; Lived AD ?–200 Skilled officer under Yuan Shao. Led the vanguard at the battle of Bai Ma, where he slayed Song Xian and Wei Xu. Also drove off distinguished officer Xu Huang, but was slain in one blow by Guan Yu, who was at the time serving Cao Cao.
Yan Xiang; Lifespan Unlisted A minister of Yuan Shu. He admonished Yuan Shu, who was attempting to use the imperial seal to pretend to be emperor, by telling him the old tale of King Wen of Zhou.
Yan Zheng; Lifespan Unlisted One of Zhang Bao’s officers. He was assualted by Imperial troops and Liu Bei’s forces, and barricaded himself in a castle. When he saw that defeat was inevitabel, he killed Zhang Bao and surrendered.
Yang Ang; Lived ?–215 This officer of Zhang Lu followed Zhang Wei in defending Yang Ping Gate and fighting Cao Cao’s army. Ignoring Zhang Ren’s advice, he pursued Cao Cao’s main forces and was killed by Zhang He.
Yang Bo; Lifespan Unlisted Yang Song’s younger brother. He served as inspector for Ma Chao, who went to war as Zhang Lu’s vassal. When Ma Chao joined Liu Bei, Ma Chao killed him in order to prove his own loyalty to Liu Bei.
Yang Chou; Lived AD 159–198 An officer of Zhang Yang. When Zhang Yang came to help Lü Bu, he killed Zhang Yang and sided with Cao Cao. He tried to offer Zhang Yang’s decapitated head to Cao Cao, but was killed by his colleague, Sui Gu.
Yang Feng; Lived AD 153–197 Commander of cavalry in the late Han. Served under Li Jue but abandoned him and became independant. Assisted Emperor Xian in his escape from Chang An. Fled to Yuan Shu after losing a fight for power against Cao Cao.
Yang Feng; Lifespan Unknown Owner of Yinye Cave in Nanman. Claimed alliance with Meng Huo only to capture him and King Duosi and deliver them to Zhuge Liang. Given an official rank for his service.
Yang Hu (Shuzi); Lived AD 2?–278 Officer of Jin. As viceroy, oversaw the border with Wu at Xiang Yang and was good friends with Wu’s famous general Lu Kang despite their opposing allegiances. Recommended Du Yu. Died of illness.
Yang Huai; Lived AD ?–212 This general of Liu Zhang guarded Bai Shui Gate. Later he plotted together with Gao Pei to assassinate Liu Bei, but the plot was exposed and he was captured and executed by Liu Bei.
Yang Ji; Lived AD ?–291 A Jin General of the Crown Army. When Jin invaded Wu in 279, he was stationed in Xiang Yang under Du Yu’s command, and directed several armies. He died in the subsequent Rebellion of the Eight Princes.
Yang Qiu; Lifespan Unlisted One of 8 Knights. He was sent as an emissary for peace to Cao Cao, but ater Han Sui’s falling out with Ma Chao, he was sent to surrender to Cao Cao. He was given a post after Ma Chao fled.
Yang Ren; Lived ?–215 He followed Zhang Wei in defending Yang Ping Gae and fighting Cao Cao’s army. He fought valiantly against Xiahou Yuan and Zhang He, but was killed by Xiahou Yuan after Yang Ping Gate was captured.
Yang Song; Lived ?–215 He was a greedy man who lusted after gold and possessions. He took a bribe from the enemy and isolated Ma Chao, and later alienated Pang De. Cao Cao executed him for “selling his loyalty.”
Yu She; Lifespan Unlisted An officer of Yuan Shu. He followed Yuan Shu in the Anti-Dong Zhuo Coalition’s attack on Si Shui Gate. He volunteered to slay Hua Xiong, defending general of Si Shui Gate, but was killed.
Yuan Shang (Xianfu); Lived C. 177–207 Third son of Yuan Shao who favored him for his handsomness. After Yuan Shao’s death, fought with his older borther Yuan Tan for succession. Defeated by Cao Cao and sought refuge with his brother Yuan Xi, protector of You Zhou.
Yuan Shao (Benchu); Lived AD C. 145–202 Son of the prestigious Yuan family who led to coalition against Dong Zhuo. Afterwards fought for domination of the Central Plains with Cao Cao, but was ultimately ruined by his indecisiveness. Suffered a great loss on the Battle of Guan Du.
Yuan Shu (Gonglu); Lived AD 155–199 Prefect of nan Yang in the late Han. Yuan Shao’s brother by a different mother. Given the imperial seal from Sun Ce as collateral for soldiers. Used to seal to claim himself emperor, but was soon overthrown for his misrule.
Yuan Tan (Xiansi); Lived AD ?–205 Oldest son of Yuan Shao. Protector of Qing Zhou. After Yuan Shao’s death, fought for succession with his younger brother Yuan Shang but lost. Enlisted Cao Cao’s help to finally defeat Yuan Shang, but was slain by Cao Cao soon after.
Yuan Xi (Xianyi); Lived AD ?–207 Second son of Yuan Shao. Protector of You Zhou. Took his brother Yuan Shang, who was defeated by Cao Cao, but was betrayed by a subordinate and fled to Wuwan. Sought refuge with Gongsun Kang, who cut off his head and sent it to Cao Cao.
Yuan Yi (Boye); Lived AD ?–192 Prefect of Shan Yang in the late Han who joined the Anti-Dong Zhuo Coalition. He campaigned in the Battle of Hu Lao Gate, aiding Wang Kuang, who had lost to Lü Bu. It’s said he was Yuan Shao’s cousin.
Yuan Yin; Lifespan Unlisted Nephew of Yuan Shu. After Yuan Shu’s death, he tried to guard his lord’s coffin, wife, and child on the way to Lu Jiang, but was captured and killed. As a result, the imperial seal fell into Cao Cao’s hands.
Yue Jiu; Lived AD ?–197 Officer of Yuan Shu. Acted as liason between armies when Yuan Shu marched to subdue Lü Bu. When Yuan Shu lost and was in turn attacked by Cao Cao, he tried to defend Shou Chun with Liang Gang, Li Feng, and Chen Ji but was killed.
Ze Rong; Lived AD ?–195 This subject of Tao Qian embezzled supplies in transport and built a Buddhist temple. Later he fought Sun Ce as a vassal of Liu Yong, but lost. He escaped with Liu Yong, relying on Liu Biao.
Zhang Bao; Lived AD ?–184 Zhang Jiao’s younger brother. He helped raise an army against the Han court with Zhang Jiao, and caused the Yellow Turbans Revolt. He led the revolt using his supernatural powers, but was killed.
Zhang Heng; Lifespan Unlisted This vassal of Han Sui was one of the 8 Knights. He and Ma Chao caused Chang An to surrender, but there was an uprising in Wei Nan and he was killed in battle.
Zhang Hua (Maoxian); Lived AD 232–300 The proposal for the Wu Campaign reached this officer of Jin while he was playing Go with Emperor Sima Yan. He approved of the plan, earning Jia Chong’s resentment for opposing Jia Chong.
Zhang Ji; Lived AD ?–196 Served Dong Zhuo as a Brigadier General. He was the uncle of Zhang Xiu. He married Maiden Zhou. Short of supplies, he attacked Liu Biao of Nan Yang but was hit by a stray arrow and died.
Zhang Jue; Lived AD 140–184 Forefather of the Way of Peace. He spread his teachings among the people and gathered enormous support. He formed the Yellow Turbans Party and opposed the Han court, causing a revolt.
Zhang Kai; Lifespan Unlisted This member of the Yellow Turbans served Tao Qian after the end of the uprising. He was charged with protecting Cao Cao’s father Cao Song, but killed Cao Song to steal his fortunes and fled.
Zhang Liang; Lived AD ?–184 The younger brother of Zhang Jiao and Zhang Bao. He and his brothers ignited the Yellow Turbans Revolt. He led the revolt after Zhang Jiao died, but lost to the Han forces and died fighting at Qu Yang.
Zhang Ren; Lived AD ?–213 Officer under Liu Zhang. Shot and killed Liu Bei’s strategist Pang Tong with an arrow. Was defeated and captured and Liu Bei himself requested his submission. However, he went willfully to the executioner’s block, claiming “A loyal man cannot serve two masters.”
Zhang Wei; Lifespan Unlisted The younger brother of Zhang Lu, founder of the Five Pecks School. He was strongly for resistance when Cao Cao attacked Han Zhong. He later escaped to Ba Zhong, where he fought XU Zhu and was killed.
Zhang Wen (Boshen); Lived AD ?–191 This Wu minister went to Shu along with Deng Zhi as a reciprocal emissary of the Wu-Shu Alliance, fulfilling an important role. He angered Sun Quan by approving of the Shu government, and was imprisoned.
Zhang Xun; Lived 156–? Served Yuan Shu as a general. When Yuan Shu was illegally enthroned, he was appointed to Grand General. He led an army of 200,00 against Lü Bu’s forces, but suffered a crushing defeat and fled home.
Zhang Yang (Zhishu); Lived AD 151–198 He joined the Anti-Dong Zhuo Coalition. He later becaem prefect of He Nei, and supported Emperor Xian en route to Luo Yang. He sided with Lü Bu during his war, but was killed by his vassal, Yang Chou.
Zhao Hong; Lived AD ?–184 He led troops with Han Zhong and Zun Zhong to occupy Wan Castle. He fought against Zhu Jun’s forces, but was slahsed by Sun Jian, who had come as reinforcement to the Imperial troops.
Zhou Zhi; Lifespan Unlisted This Jin officer campaigned against Wu under Du Yu. He led 800 navy ships in an attack agains Xia Kou, and is credited for killing the enemy generals Sun Xin and Shen Ying.
Zhu Jun (Gongwei); Lived ?–195 Officer of late Han. Helped Liu Bei and Sun Jian in the subjugation of the Yellow Turbans. His success won him the title of general of vehicles and secretary of He Nan. After the death of Dong Zhuo, joined the court government with Li Jue and Guo Si.
Zou Dan; Lived ?–195 Prefect of Yu Yang. He fought against Yan Rou under Xianyu Fu’s recommendation. When a coalition army of the Wuwan and the Xian Bei led by Yan Rou attacked Yu Yang, Zou Dan died resisting.
Zou Jing; Lifespan Unknown Minister in late Han who advised Yu prefect Liu Yu to gather a group of volunteer troops to oppose the Yellow Turbans. He campaigned against the Yellow Turbans with the volunteer army led by Liu Bei.
Historical Biographies
(Novel appearances of other historical personages.)
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